Re: [Zope-dev] Next Step to Bug Resolution???
On Mon, 2009-01-12 at 22:05 +0100, Martijn Faassen wrote: Okay, I'll take another look then and look at ObjectRef. Ah, yes, Dan pointed out to you that you are using a zope.schema.Field in a class instead of in a schema (an interface). That isn't right, and since the direct use of that causes an error, that looks suspicious. Whether it is the cause of the bug or not I do not know. Thanks to all for the help. I will put together a wiki page that chronicles and explains the entire issue and process of getting here. Along with the simplest example I can come up with. I'm still a little confused about why using Field as a base class is wrong. I know that it wasn't it's original purpose but here is the situation. I originally inherited from 'object' in my base classes and from Interface in their associated interfaces. But, because many of the base classes (and their schemas) are required to define attributes of other classes. I found that I did not have the meta-data attributes such as required, default, etc for those schemas to represent the attributes in the latter schemas. So I chose to inherit from IField and Field in my bases so that I inherited. Now maybe there is a MUCH more appropriate way to build these OSHIP base classes than inheriting from Field. But in mid-2007 I searched hi and lo and asked on the mailing lists and still do not have a better solution. So if someone can tell me where I can find the documentation/examples for building your own schemas that will be validated then I'll re-factor the entire application to make it right. Cheers, Tim attachment: oe_trick.png signature.asc Description: This is a digitally signed message part ___ Zope-Dev maillist - Zope-Dev@zope.org http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-dev ** No cross posts or HTML encoding! ** (Related lists - http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-announce http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope )
Re: [Zope-dev] Next Step to Bug Resolution???
Hey, On Fri, Jan 16, 2009 at 11:37 AM, Tim Cook timothywayne.c...@gmail.com wrote: On Mon, 2009-01-12 at 22:05 +0100, Martijn Faassen wrote: Okay, I'll take another look then and look at ObjectRef. Ah, yes, Dan pointed out to you that you are using a zope.schema.Field in a class instead of in a schema (an interface). That isn't right, and since the direct use of that causes an error, that looks suspicious. Whether it is the cause of the bug or not I do not know. Thanks to all for the help. I will put together a wiki page that chronicles and explains the entire issue and process of getting here. Along with the simplest example I can come up with. I don't think a wiki page with a chronicle is necessary or even helpful; you need to give us the information necessary to find the bug, but no distracting surrounding information. To debug this problem, a developer will need the smallest possible example of code that demonstrates the problem. That means, I take it, just 2 schemas and a single form. Describe briefly what you expect to happen and what in fact happens. If that example can be done *without* inheriting from Field that'd be good, as it is true that Field is only to be used inside a schema definition and once someone sees that we'll conclude that's the cause of the problem even though it might not be. Once we have the example someone can either debug the problem, or tell you what you're trying to do isn't the right way to do it. Regards, Martijn ___ Zope-Dev maillist - Zope-Dev@zope.org http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-dev ** No cross posts or HTML encoding! ** (Related lists - http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-announce http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope )
Re: [Zope-dev] Next Step to Bug Resolution???
On Fri, 2009-01-16 at 15:55 +0100, Martijn Faassen wrote: I don't think a wiki page with a chronicle is necessary or even helpful; you need to give us the information necessary to find the bug, but no distracting surrounding information. Okay. To debug this problem, a developer will need the smallest possible example of code that demonstrates the problem. That means, I take it, just 2 schemas and a single form. Describe briefly what you expect to happen and what in fact happens. If that example can be done *without* inheriting from Field that'd be good, as it is true that Field is only to be used inside a schema definition and once someone sees that we'll conclude that's the cause of the problem even though it might not be. It is interesting that in table 4.1 of Philipp W's book it specifically states that Field is the base class for all other fields. So how does one build fields that are noot part of the standard zope.schema? Once we have the example someone can either debug the problem, or tell you what you're trying to do isn't the right way to do it. Thanks, Tim -- Timothy Cook, MSc Health Informatics Research Development Services LinkedIn Profile:http://www.linkedin.com/in/timothywaynecook Skype ID == timothy.cook ** *You may get my Public GPG key from popular keyservers or * *from this link http://timothywayne.cook.googlepages.com/home* ** attachment: oe_trick.png signature.asc Description: This is a digitally signed message part ___ Zope-Dev maillist - Zope-Dev@zope.org http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-dev ** No cross posts or HTML encoding! ** (Related lists - http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-announce http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope )
Re: [Zope-dev] Next Step to Bug Resolution???
Tim Cook wrote: I would also like for you to explain just what it is about my attitude that you find so offensive/problematic? As a general rule of thumb, anyone who posts with more than on exlamation mark is likely on the wrong track. Cross posting to several lists is also a bit of a no-no. Jumping up and down because someone won't look at your edge case problem unless you're offering that someone bucket loads of cash likewise ;-) Chris -- Simplistix - Content Management, Zope Python Consulting - http://www.simplistix.co.uk ___ Zope-Dev maillist - Zope-Dev@zope.org http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-dev ** No cross posts or HTML encoding! ** (Related lists - http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-announce http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope )
Re: [Zope-dev] Next Step to Bug Resolution???
Hey, To debug this problem, a developer will need the smallest possible example of code that demonstrates the problem. That means, I take it, just 2 schemas and a single form. Describe briefly what you expect to happen and what in fact happens. If that example can be done *without* inheriting from Field that'd be good, as it is true that Field is only to be used inside a schema definition and once someone sees that we'll conclude that's the cause of the problem even though it might not be. It is interesting that in table 4.1 of Philipp W's book it specifically states that Field is the base class for all other fields. So how does one build fields that are noot part of the standard zope.schema? Yes, you do create new schema fields by subclassing from Field. It's just that we saw you putting a field not in a schema but in what looked like a concrete object. Perhaps we were wrong in reading your code, and this is one reason why you should come up with a minimum example that demonstrates the problem and only that, without a lot of distracting code surrounding it. You're the best suited person to actually create a minimum example. Regards, Martijn ___ Zope-Dev maillist - Zope-Dev@zope.org http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-dev ** No cross posts or HTML encoding! ** (Related lists - http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-announce http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope )
Re: [Zope-dev] Next Step to Bug Resolution???
Thanks for all the assistance. On Fri, 2009-01-16 at 18:05 +0100, Martijn Faassen wrote: Yes, you do create new schema fields by subclassing from Field. It's just that we saw you putting a field not in a schema but in what looked like a concrete object. This has given me a BIG pause while I'm working on a simpler example. It may actually solve the problem. Are you saying that in order to create a Field that can be used as an attribute of another class; I should define it in an interface and ONLY in an interface? Such like pseudo: import Field class IAbc(Interface) myNewField = Field( and then when I need to use it in a class, simply state that that class implements(IAbc)? If this is true I have a two month hard core re-factoring to do. Cheers, Tim Perhaps we were wrong in reading your code, and this is one reason why you should come up with a minimum example that demonstrates the problem and only that, without a lot of distracting code surrounding it. You're the best suited person to actually create a minimum example. Thanks again. Tim -- Timothy Cook, MSc Health Informatics Research Development Services LinkedIn Profile:http://www.linkedin.com/in/timothywaynecook Skype ID == timothy.cook ** *You may get my Public GPG key from popular keyservers or * *from this link http://timothywayne.cook.googlepages.com/home* ** signature.asc Description: This is a digitally signed message part ___ Zope-Dev maillist - Zope-Dev@zope.org http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-dev ** No cross posts or HTML encoding! ** (Related lists - http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-announce http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope )
Re: [Zope-dev] Next Step to Bug Resolution???
Hi Tim, Tim Cook schrieb: Thanks for all the assistance. On Fri, 2009-01-16 at 18:05 +0100, Martijn Faassen wrote: Yes, you do create new schema fields by subclassing from Field. It's just that we saw you putting a field not in a schema but in what looked like a concrete object. This has given me a BIG pause while I'm working on a simpler example. It may actually solve the problem. Are you saying that in order to create a Field that can be used as an attribute of another class; I should define it in an interface and ONLY in an interface? Such like pseudo: import Field class IAbc(Interface) myNewField = Field( and then when I need to use it in a class, simply state that that class implements(IAbc)? that's what Dan Korostelev said early in the thread: Use the Field only in a schema definition. You define your schema in an interface class. The interface class describes the interface (fields, attributes, methods) that a class implements. from zope.interface import Interface, implements from zope.schema import TextLine class IMyTitleSchema(Interface): title = TextLine(...) class MyTitleClass(object or some other baseclass): implements(IMyTitleSchema) title = u The interface tells other components, e.g. forms: An object instanciated from MyTitleClass has an attribute 'title', and title is a TextLine. So a form can render the correct widget. Other components do other things with this information, like validation when the title attribute is written. You never use a schema field in something other than an interface class. Don't do: class MyTitleClass(...): ... title = TextLine(...) obj = MyTitleClass() Sure you can have specialized fields that subclass from Field, TextLine, or another base class. E.g. RegistrationNumber(TextLine) that takes care to validate the input for a special format. But you use them in an interface class, not the class that implements the interface. ..Carsten ___ Zope-Dev maillist - Zope-Dev@zope.org http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-dev ** No cross posts or HTML encoding! ** (Related lists - http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-announce http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope )
Re: [Zope-dev] Next Step to Bug Resolution???
Hi Shane, On Tue, 2009-01-13 at 14:10 -0700, Shane Hathaway wrote: Sorry, but the patch doesn't make any sense. Your version of _validate_fields quietly skips validation entirely by default. First of all that is why I asked for others to look at it. :-) But I DID test it by inserting an incorrect schema and it did throw the correct error. I think it was the ShemaNotImplemented error. This was a few weeks ago but I can repeat it if needed. As I explained before; when one schema is checked by _validate_fields then all is well. The parameter 'errors' is None. Then errors is set to an empty list and any possible error msgs are appended. BUT when a schema has to check another schema because they are chained. 'errors' is already an empty list but even though the parameter errors is None a new list is appended to the first pass errors. This creates the msg WrongContainedType: [, []] because it IS a WrongContainedType because there is an empty list inside the original list. 'errors' is returned from _validate_fields back to the _validate method of the Object class where it is simply tested to see if it is empty. On this second pass it ISN't empty. It has another list inside so it fails the truth test and incorrectly throws an error. Look at the __repr__ method of the ValidationError class in the _bootstrapinterfaces.py module of the zope.schema package. This method was designed to generate short error messages, but in your case it appears to be truncating the error messages altogether. I would start by changing that particular __repr__() method to: def __repr__(self): return '%s(%s)' % (self.__class__.__name__, repr(self.args)) This version prefers verbosity. At a minimum, I hope this version of __repr__ will change the bizarre message zope.schema.interfaces.WrongContainedType: [, []] into something legible. It is more verbose. But I'm afraid it exhibits the same behavior as described above. Here are the results: in _validate raise WrongContainedType(errors) WrongContainedType: [RequiredMissing(()), WrongContainedType(([RequiredMissing(())],))] Note the empty parens. Now if I introduce bad code I get: in _validate raise WrongContainedType(errors) WrongContainedType: [RequiredMissing(()), SchemaNotProvided(())] SchemaNotProvided is correct. Though there isn't much else to go on but the full traceback points me to the right place. *** Shane, I think that so much of this is no longer useful. Right not now I'll go back and read all the obscure documentation (for the upteenth time) and see if it makes more sense now. I am very confused about thee use cases between creating Fields and using the Object(schema=Ischema) approach. Thanks for your help. --Tim -- Timothy Cook, MSc Health Informatics Research Development Services LinkedIn Profile:http://www.linkedin.com/in/timothywaynecook Skype ID == timothy.cook ** *You may get my Public GPG key from popular keyservers or * *from this link http://timothywayne.cook.googlepages.com/home* ** signature.asc Description: This is a digitally signed message part ___ Zope-Dev maillist - Zope-Dev@zope.org http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-dev ** No cross posts or HTML encoding! ** (Related lists - http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-announce http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope )
Re: [Zope-dev] Next Step to Bug Resolution???
Thanks All, On Fri, 2009-01-16 at 21:55 +0100, Carsten Senger wrote: Sure you can have specialized fields that subclass from Field, TextLine, or another base class. E.g. RegistrationNumber(TextLine) that takes care to validate the input for a special format. But you use them in an interface class, not the class that implements the interface. Okay. I got this down now. I still have a problem with understanding the use cases for using attribute=Object(schema=IMySchema ... But now all of the docs may make mmore sense with all I've leearned to past few days. Cheers, Tim signature.asc Description: This is a digitally signed message part ___ Zope-Dev maillist - Zope-Dev@zope.org http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-dev ** No cross posts or HTML encoding! ** (Related lists - http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-announce http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope )
Re: [Zope-dev] Next Step to Bug Resolution???
Tim Cook wrote: I DID submit a patch suggestion in the Launchpad bug report. I think you're talking about this: https://bugs.launchpad.net/zope3/+bug/301226 Sorry, but the patch doesn't make any sense. Your version of _validate_fields quietly skips validation entirely by default. Why would the function be called _validate_fields if it doesn't actually validate unless the caller passes some special parameter? The function needs to validate the fields regardless of the parameters. I would also like for you to explain just what it is about my attitude that you find so offensive/problematic? Please ignore comments like that. They are not worth dealing with. I traced down and described the problem to the function level. I suggested a fix and asked for experts to review and apply it. I do not have (and am not qualified to have) commit access to ZCA source. So again, referring to the subject line. What are the next steps? Here's a tip: for a programmer, good error messages are like gold. The right error message will save you countless hours (or months) of frustration. Therefore, making error messages readable is one of your top priorities. You have been presented with a very poor error message. Fixing that error message doesn't look very difficult on the surface, so your first priority should be to make that error message readable. Marius was on the right track: http://mail.zope.org/pipermail/zope3-users/2008-October/008218.html Look at the __repr__ method of the ValidationError class in the _bootstrapinterfaces.py module of the zope.schema package. This method was designed to generate short error messages, but in your case it appears to be truncating the error messages altogether. I would start by changing that particular __repr__() method to: def __repr__(self): return '%s(%s)' % (self.__class__.__name__, repr(self.args)) This version prefers verbosity. At a minimum, I hope this version of __repr__ will change the bizarre message zope.schema.interfaces.WrongContainedType: [, []] into something legible. Still, I don't know if my version of __repr__() is appropriate for everyone else, so I am not going to touch SVN yet. For now, this is just something that might help you find the real cause of the bug. Shane ___ Zope-Dev maillist - Zope-Dev@zope.org http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-dev ** No cross posts or HTML encoding! ** (Related lists - http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-announce http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope )
Re: [Zope-dev] Next Step to Bug Resolution???
On Fri, 2009-01-09 at 11:05 +, Chris Withers wrote: I can't. The testrunner is already there and buildout-based development makes it trivial to run. svn already does the patch creation for you: $ svn diff be able to get past that bit. Perhaps a kind Zope dev will pick up on this. Unlikely with his attitude... Chris Hi Chris, Thanks for keeping the thread alive so I can continue on the road to how to solve this problem. I DID submit a patch suggestion in the Launchpad bug report. What I am not sure are, with this fix, about are the possible other implications to the rest of the zope.schema package. I would also like for you to explain just what it is about my attitude that you find so offensive/problematic? I traced down and described the problem to the function level. I suggested a fix and asked for experts to review and apply it. I do not have (and am not qualified to have) commit access to ZCA source. So again, referring to the subject line. What are the next steps? Cheers, Tim -- Timothy Cook, MSc Health Informatics Research Development Services LinkedIn Profile:http://www.linkedin.com/in/timothywaynecook Skype ID == timothy.cook ** *You may get my Public GPG key from popular keyservers or * *from this link http://timothywayne.cook.googlepages.com/home* ** attachment: oe_trick.png signature.asc Description: This is a digitally signed message part ___ Zope-Dev maillist - Zope-Dev@zope.org http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-dev ** No cross posts or HTML encoding! ** (Related lists - http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-announce http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope )
Re: [Zope-dev] Next Step to Bug Resolution???
Hi there, Tim Cook wrote: On Fri, 2009-01-09 at 11:05 +, Chris Withers wrote: [snip] So again, referring to the subject line. What are the next steps? I am trying to understand the history of the discussion, which has a lot of text and is widespread. I think Dan Korostelev tried building out the 'ostep' application and found the error, correct? I just did the same...He then had more patience than I did and tried to understand your source code. Okay, I'll take another look then and look at ObjectRef. Ah, yes, Dan pointed out to you that you are using a zope.schema.Field in a class instead of in a schema (an interface). That isn't right, and since the direct use of that causes an error, that looks suspicious. Whether it is the cause of the bug or not I do not know. Generally to help people without patience (like everybody), you should create the absolute *minimum* example of code that demonstrates your bug. This so that people aren't distracted by a vast codebase when they try to debug your issue. I feel a bit guilty this is all taking so long, but I'll also point out this is not the first time I asked for this; I asked the same december 18. We will need such a minimum example for a number of reasons: * I have no idea how your application is put together and I don't have the time to figure it out. A small application is a way easier conversation piece. * When you construct a minimum example you will have an easier way thinking about this bug *yourself*. * If we confirm it is a bug, we will go into zope.schema and add a test case that demonstrates it first, before we actually fix it. This way we will know our fix works (when the test case stops failing for us), and in the future we won't accidentally reintroduce the bug due to changes in the code. You can do part of the work for us. This is not a task for core developers; you are the only one with the knowledge necessary to construct this minimal test case as you understand your application while we don't. In summary, you have to make the life of the bug fixes as easy as possible. I think that is best done by providing the minimum information necessary for anyone to reproduce and examine the bug, in isolation. Regards, Martijn ___ Zope-Dev maillist - Zope-Dev@zope.org http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-dev ** No cross posts or HTML encoding! ** (Related lists - http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-announce http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope )
Re: [Zope-dev] Next Step to Bug Resolution???
Hedley Roos wrote: Chris mentioned unit tests. You do not have to write a new unit test. What is required is to have a look at the tests and then identify one that is relevant to your problematic method. This test should be very easy to read. The hard part is for you to expand this test to demonstrate the exception. This will typically require a few lines of code but since you already fixed a bug I assume it won't be hard to do. Actually, I disagree with you here... big bloated tests that test huge amounts in one go is not the way to go. I'd suggest that if it's a specific problem, a new test should be added that does the absolute minimum to demonstrate the bug... Then you have to run all the other tests to check that you haven't broken anything else by doing ./bin/instance test -s zope.something. Finally create a patch file and attach it to your original report on the tracker. Mmm, after writing all this I can see why it is a pain. I can't. The testrunner is already there and buildout-based development makes it trivial to run. svn already does the patch creation for you: $ svn diff be able to get past that bit. Perhaps a kind Zope dev will pick up on this. Unlikely with his attitude... Chris -- Simplistix - Content Management, Zope Python Consulting - http://www.simplistix.co.uk ___ Zope-Dev maillist - Zope-Dev@zope.org http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-dev ** No cross posts or HTML encoding! ** (Related lists - http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-announce http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope )
Re: [Zope-dev] Next Step to Bug Resolution???
Hi Tim I'm more involved with Plone but can provide a slightly more digestible answer :) Chris mentioned unit tests. You do not have to write a new unit test. What is required is to have a look at the tests and then identify one that is relevant to your problematic method. This test should be very easy to read. The hard part is for you to expand this test to demonstrate the exception. This will typically require a few lines of code but since you already fixed a bug I assume it won't be hard to do. Then you have to run all the other tests to check that you haven't broken anything else by doing ./bin/instance test -s zope.something. Finally create a patch file and attach it to your original report on the tracker. Mmm, after writing all this I can see why it is a pain. I do however understand the need for unit tests so I don't think you are going to be able to get past that bit. Perhaps a kind Zope dev will pick up on this. Hedley ___ Zope-Dev maillist - Zope-Dev@zope.org http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-dev ** No cross posts or HTML encoding! ** (Related lists - http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-announce http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope )
Re: [Zope-dev] Next Step to Bug Resolution???
Tim Cook wrote at 2008-12-18 08:35 -0200: ... Yeah we use the really cool, robust, well tested and trusted application server called the Zope Component Architecture because it really shows the strengths of the open source development process. Oh, by the way, after everything is installed you have to replace a core ZCA file with the one we provide you in order to make it actually work. I often approach situations like this with so called Monkey Patches: I replace or enhance classes or methods during startup (triggered by some startup event). This may not be optimal but allows me to solve my problems without tight coupling with the core developpers who usually do not have my problems and tend not see them as very high priority. -- Dieter ___ Zope-Dev maillist - Zope-Dev@zope.org http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-dev ** No cross posts or HTML encoding! ** (Related lists - http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-announce http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope )
Re: [Zope-dev] Next Step to Bug Resolution???
Thanks Dieter, On Fri, 2008-12-19 at 19:41 +0100, Dieter Maurer wrote: I often approach situations like this with so called Monkey Patches: I replace or enhance classes or methods during startup (triggered by some startup event). This may not be optimal but allows me to solve my problems without tight coupling with the core developpers who usually do not have my problems and tend not see them as very high priority. I am starting to see why other Python developers aren't too interested in Zope. Despite the awesome power of the architecture. I've been poking around and using and supporting Zope since 1999. But because I am not an expert programmer (my skills are in another field) and because I do not know Zope inside and out. I am being chastised for not supplying my own complete fixes to the developers or at least being able to cover for their mistakes inside my application. Silly me. Working in open source for 14 years and I had no idea it worked like this. I'm sure glad that we do not run openEHR like that. Cheers, Tim -- Timothy Cook, MSc Health Informatics Research Development Services LinkedIn Profile:http://www.linkedin.com/in/timothywaynecook Skype ID == timothy.cook ** *You may get my Public GPG key from popular keyservers or * *from this link http://timothywayne.cook.googlepages.com/home* ** signature.asc Description: This is a digitally signed message part ___ Zope-Dev maillist - Zope-Dev@zope.org http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-dev ** No cross posts or HTML encoding! ** (Related lists - http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-announce http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope )
[Zope-dev] Next Step to Bug Resolution???
Hi All, I have had an issue on the table for months. I started a dialog about it here: http://mail.zope.org/pipermail/zope3-users/2008-October/008215.html The thread was interesting, helpful and did lead me to find an error in some schema definitions because of a misunderstanding of the required attribute. But that had nothing to do with the problem. It was first thought that it was a nasty, empty error report. After some investigation I discovered that it was an error that shouldn't be an error. Once I determined what I thought was the cause and a possible fix I posted a bug report on Launchpad https://bugs.launchpad.net/zope3/+bug/301226 So here we are. I have a possible solution and the only comments I get from the Zope Community are private emails (yes plural) asking me if anyone is working on this issue. I have to say that as far as I can tell; no. At this point I would be happier if someone just told me why my fix might negatively affect the other schema field validations. Now I realize that I must be the only person in the entire world to exercise zope.schema this way. BUT! It should work or it should be WELL documented that you cannot have cascading attribute=Object(IMySchema) definitions. The description of the project is here: http://www.openehr.org/wiki/display/dev/OSHIP+Developer%27s+Wiki This is a rather major project. See: http://www.ohloh.net/p/oship for some metrics. We have just received three years of funding from the Brazilian government to complete the platform and develop an Epidemiological decision support system on top of it to improve the recognition of syndromic outbreaks. Right now the hardworking core open source team understands that we need to replace zope.schema._field.py with our own to make it work. But when the project is ready, in a few months, for healthcare application developers worldwide to start using it. It may be a hard sell to say; Yeah we use the really cool, robust, well tested and trusted application server called the Zope Component Architecture because it really shows the strengths of the open source development process. Oh, by the way, after everything is installed you have to replace a core ZCA file with the one we provide you in order to make it actually work. Doesn't sound very professional to me and it should be embarrassing to the Zope Community if that has to happen. Thank you for reading this long posting. I hope someone delivers me a Holiday package in the form of a fixed zope.schema package. :-) Cheers, Tim -- Timothy Cook, MSc Health Informatics Research Development Services LinkedIn Profile:http://www.linkedin.com/in/timothywaynecook Skype ID == timothy.cook ** *You may get my Public GPG key from popular keyservers or * *from this link http://timothywayne.cook.googlepages.com/home* ** signature.asc Description: This is a digitally signed message part ___ Zope-Dev maillist - Zope-Dev@zope.org http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-dev ** No cross posts or HTML encoding! ** (Related lists - http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-announce http://mail.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope )