Conditions for Repentance(Tawbah).
The first condition for asking repentance is that a man should ponder
upon the Highness and Glory of Allah, and about the disobedience which
he committed. Then he should think about the severity of his sin. He
should know about the punishment which Allah has promised for him in
this world as well as the hereafter (which have been related in the
Qur'an and traditions). Verily this will make him regret his sins, and
he will rectify the loss done. Repentance has the following effects:
(1) The bond which existed between the slave and his Master which had
broken off because of sinning, may again become firm, (2) Theperson (who is
repenting) will pledge never
to repeat the sin which he committed, and (3) He will strive to rectify
the loss done.
Sins which need repentance:
The first type of sine which need repentance are those which are
related to the person committing it only, and no other person having
being effected by it. It's punishment is
reserved for the hereafter. For example, a man using gold, or wearing a
silken dress. The repentance of this sin is that the person should
repent sincerely and promise never to commit it again. This will become
the reason for warding off Allah's wrath in Qayamat.
The
second type of sins are those which are related to another person other
than the one committing it. Again these are of two types (1) Huququllah
(Rights of Allah),
and (2) Huququn Naas (Rights of men). If a man has usurped the property
of someone, or has committed such a sin whose atonement is the freeing
of a slave, and in spite of being capable of rectifying it, does not do
so, he will not be forgiven. It is obligatory on him to pay the
atonement. And if someone has not recited the obligatory Prayers or
neglected fast, it is compulsory on him to perform it's elapsed (Qaza)
In the case of rights of men, if a person has usurped someone's wealth,
then he is compelled to return it
to it's righful owner. Or someone has lead someone astray, then it is
obligatory for him to guide him to the right path.
Ref:MANAZELUL AKHERAH
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