Bismillah hir rehman nir raheem,
As Salam Alaikum wa rehmat Allah e wa barkatoh
Dear sisters and brothers .This write up was published on Dec 8 , 2008 on
the occassion of Eid e Ghadeer and is herewith reproduced from my site :
www.zaheerhusain.multiply.com/blog
*Innamah uridul lahe le yuzhiba ankumur rijsah Ahlal bayte wa youtehhrakum
tathirah* *God has decided to keep the progeny of Mohammad(s) and Aale
Mohammad (s) away from every kind of pollution ( filth and sin)*
.
THE MOST AUSPICIOUS DAY OF ISLAMIC
HISTORY<http://zaheerhusain.multiply.com/journal/item/12/_THE_MOST_AUSPICIOUS_DAY_OF_ISLAMIC_HISTORY>
****
**
* EID –E - GHADEER*
*Wednesday the 17th of Dec. 2008 is a very special Eid , far superior than
all the other days and it commemorate the blessed Monday,18th of
ZillHijjah 10 Hijri coinciding with 16th of March 632 AD.**This is
undoubtedly the most auspicious day of the Islamic History, which is
celebre-**-rated as YAUM E GHADEER E KHUM, 8 days after the culmination of
Hajj .This **day is also the day of last revelation on which 2 important
Aayaat were revealed .One ,**O Prophet if you had not conveyed the message
of today , it will be as if you have not done your work of Risalat , and
second that this day I have finalised and completed your deen. Here is an
excerpt from various sources primarily from the internet in which there have
been hardly any controversy and both ulma e Ahle Sunnah and shia agree of
the event which happened, for there is innumerable narrations on this topic
and why not so because the main event of Ghadeer e Khum was witnessed by
none less than One Lac Twenty thousand Hajees who had the privilege to
perform all the Hajj rites in the company of the Rasool Akram Salaallahe
Alaihe wa Sallam.*
*Amir al-Momenin al-Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (AS) is the second most important
person after the Holy Prophet (saaws), not just in the Islamic history, but,
in the entire human history. *
*Ghadir is an Arabic word meaning pond or stream of water. There is a place
called Khum between Makkah and Madinah and there was a water pond at that
place which was called Ghadir of Khum or Ghadir e Khum. It was at this
place the Holy Prophet (PBUH) delivered a very famous sermon known as
Khutbat al-Ghadir (Sermon of Ghadir). This sermon originated because of the
following verse of the Holy Qur'an: "Ya ayyuhar Rasoolu balligh ma unzila
elaika min Rabbika wa in lam taf a'l fama ballaghta risalatahu Wallaho
ya'semoka minan nas Wallaho la yahdil qawmal kafireen."(5:67) "O (our)
Prophet (Mohammad) deliver you what has been sent down to you from your
Lord, and if you do it not, then (it will be as if) you have not delivered
His Message (at all); and surely Allah will protect you from (the mischief
of) men; surely Allah does not guide the unbelieving people."*
*Eminent commentators of the Holy Qur'an hold that this verse was revealed
on the 18th of Zil- Hijja 10 A.H. when the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was about to
reach the place Khum on his way back from Makkah after having performed his
Hajj-a-Wida (Farewell Pilgrimage). All the traditionists of Ahle
Sunnah agree that this verse relates to the declaration by the Holy Prophet
(PBUH) about Amir al-Momenin Imam 'Ali (AS) to be the Successor, Viceregent
and Caliph after him. It is noteworthy that the verse refers to some very
important message which Allah commands the Holy Prophet (PBUH) to convey to
the people and that message is so important that if not conveyed it would
mean that the function of Prophethood was not carried out. *
*The words "ma unzila alayka" (what has been sent down to you) give a clear
indication that a particular message had already been communicated to the
Holy Prophet (PBUH) and now it was to be conveyed to the people at large.
The action taken by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in compliance to this command
shows that this particular message referred to in this verse related to the
declaration of Imam 'Ali (AS) as the Successor, Guide and Caliph of the
Muslims after the Holy Prophet. Upon revelation, the Holy Prophet got down
immediately from his camel and ordered the area to be cleared for people to
assemble, and a pulpit to be prepared using the wooden saddles of the
camels.*
*Under his orders Bilal the Muazzin (prayer-caller) called out to the people
in the words, "Hayya ala khayr al-'amal", meaning "O' people, collect
together for the virtuous act". Those who had gone ahead were required to
come back while those who were lagging behind were asked to quicken their
pace and reach the halting place as the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was to address
them. When all the people had assembled as ordered, the Holy Prophet
ascended the improvised pulpit prepared for him for the occasion and
delivered a long lecture during the course of which he said: *
*"All praise is due to Allah Who is the Creator and Lord of the entire
Universe. It is the bounden duty of everyone to offer Him thanks in comfort
as well as distress, in ease as well as hardship. I acknowledge to be His
servant and creature and bear witness that He is my Master and Lord. I
convey to the people all that He reveals to me for their guidance, of I do
fear that if I do not do so and fail to carry out His behest I shall have to
face chastisement which no one shall be able to avert from me by any device
whatsoever."*
*"O' people, what has been revealed to me by Allah just now is so important
that if I do not convey it to you it would mean as if I have not carried out
His Mission at all while Allah has guaranteed to me that he would protect me
against the evil of the people. Allah has commanded that whatever has been
revealed to me in respect of Ali (AS) should be conveyed to you. Now
therefore, O' people bear in mind that (Imam) Ali (AS) has hereby been
appointed Imam over you so that obedience to him is obligatory on the
migrants (the Muhajerin) and the locals (the Ansars), on the countrymen and
the townsmen, on the Arabs and the non-Arabs, on the freemen and the slaves,
on the young and the old, on the white and the black. In short his authority
is to be effective on everyone who believes in the Unity and Oneness of
Allah."*
*"O' people, this is the last occasion and the last place that I proclaim
Ali (AS) to be my successor. Listen and obey the Command of Allah. Allah is
your Creator, your Sustainer and your Guardian. After Allah, His Prophet
Mohammad is your Guardian and he is standing before you and addressing you.
After me, by Allah's behest this Ali (AS) is your Guardian and your Imam.
Therefore till the Day of Judgement when you will be made to present
yourselves before Allah and His Prophet, this Guardianship and Imamate would
remain in my progeny born through Imam Ali (AS). O' people, there is no
issue of knowledge which Allah did not entrust to me and which was not
entrusted by me to (Imam) Ali (AS). I have given him all the knowledge. He
is the Imam al-Mubin, the Manifest Guide."*
*"O' people do not abandon him for following others and do not dislike
making him your ruler for he alone would strengthen Truth and act on Truth.
No reproach of any person can keep him away from Truth. O' people, ponder
over the Holy Qur'an. Understand its verses. Go deep into the firm ones and
do not follow the ambiguous ones. By Allah no one would teach you the
implications of its verses with clarity except the person whose hand I am
holding whom I am drawing close to me and whose arm is in my arm. No one
will be able to divulge to you its commentary save this Ali (AS).*
* Mun Kunto Maula Fa Haza Ali an Maula***
* ( VERILY FOR WHOMSOEVER I AM THE MASTER THIS ALI IS HIS MASTER). *
*This Ali Ibn Abi Talib (AS) is my brother, and my successor, and bear in
mind that his appointment as my successor is from Allah and Allah has
revealed this fact to me."*
*"O' people this Ali (AS) and the other infallibles in my progeny constitute
the Siql al-Asghar, the junior of the weighty two weighty things while the
Holy Qur'an is the Siqlul-Akbar, the Senior one, and these two would not get
separated from each other till they join me at the Cistern of Kausar (Hawz
al-Kausar) on the Day of Judgement (Yawm al-Qiyamah). Beware the I have
discharged my duty; beware that I have conveyed what I was charged by Allah
to convey, take note that I have clarified everything and note that whatever
Allah revealed to me has been faithfully conveyed by me to you. Take note
that no one except this, my brother Ali (AS) would be the Amir al-Momenin,
the Commander of the Faithful, for after me it is not lawful for anyone
except Imam Ali (AS) to wield authority over the Faithful."*
*"O' people I have clearly explained all the matters before you. Now after
me this Imam Ali A.S would be explaining to you these matters. After
finishing my speech I would call you to pay allegiance (Bay'at) to him, and
to acknowledge him. Beware that I have paid allegiance (Bay'at) to Allah
while Imam Ali (AS) has paid allegiance to me. Now I am taking your
allegiance for Imam Ali (AS) under the Command of Allah. Now you should also
proclaim that in this matter you bow before the Command of Allah and would
obey Him, and obey me, and obey Imam Ali (AS), Imam Hassan (AS) and Imam
Husayn (AS) and the other Imams (AS) in Husayn (AS)'s line as mentioned by
me."*
*"O' people, now say what I have told you to say and from now onwards you
should offer salutation to Imam Ali (AS) by the title Amir al-Momenin. Now
confirm that you have heard and accepted what I have told you, and also say:
All praise is due to Allah who gave us guidance for if He had not given us
guidance we would have remained without it"."*
*The entire crowd then cried loudly and confirmed, "Yes, O' Prophet of Allah
(PBUH), we have heard you fully and are ready and prepared to obey every
Command of Allah and every Command of the Prophet of Allah with heart,
tongue and limbs." The people then thronged to the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and
Imam Ali (AS) from all sides. The first who held out their pledge to the
Holy Prophet in the matter were Abu Bakr, Omar and Usman. Then they were
followed by other Migrants (Muhajerin) and the Locals (Ansar) and the rest
of the people of all classes, groups and grades, so much so that the Maghrib
and Isha Salat were offered together because of the function having extended
till it was fairly dark. *
*Umar bin Khttab is reported to be the first who greeted Imam Ali (AS) on
this occasion in the following words: "Greeting be to you O' 'Ali son of Abu
Talib; you have become my Master and the master of every believer (faithful)
man and woman". The tradition of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) whereby he declared
that of whomsoever he himself is the Master,(Imam) Ali (AS) is his Master is
called the Hadees-al-Wilayat or the Tradition of Vicegerency or succession.
It has been narrated by such a continuous and authentic chain of narrators
that there can be no iota of doubt in its authenticity, veracity or
genuineness. The Tradition has been mentioned by all eminent writers on
Islam right from the 2nd century Hijrah up to present 14th century. It is
also said that right on this occasion the kalema e Alian wali Allah was
recited in the azaan and Rasool Akram Sallalaho Alaihe wa sallam approved it
by his appreciative smile.*
*These writers include commentators of the Holy Qur'an, historians,
traditionalists, theologians, litterateurs and others. Many of these writers
have written regular books on this single tradition in order to do full
justice to such questions as the names and life particulars of each of its
narrators, their authenticity and truthfulness in the matter of narration of
traditions, their status among the scholars of Islam and so on. Even the
scholars and writers of the Indo-Pak subcontinent have not lagged behind in
this matter. Leaving out the writers of Arabic and Persian (Farsi) books on
the subject, it may be useful to quote from Maulana Shibli No'mani's great
book Sirat an-Nabi, as he was one of the most widely acknowledged historian
and scholar of Islam in the Indo-Pak subcontinent in the late generation.
Giving an account of the return of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) from his farewell
Hajj, Maulana Shibli writes:*
*"The Holy Prophet (PBUH) then set off on his return journey towards Madinah
along with Muhajerin and Ansar. On the way he came to a place called Khum
three miles from Haifa. Here there is a pond. The Arabic for a pond is
Ghadir. For that reason usually it is mentioned as Ghadir Khum in
narrations. The Prophet (PBUH) collected all his companions here and
delivered a short sermon: After praising Allah he said, "O' people, I am
also a human being. Maybe the angel of Allah (that is, death) comes soon and
I may have to respond to him. I am leaving among you two weighty things
namely first the Book of Allah which is full of Divine Guidance and Light;
you should hold fast to the Book of Allah, and second the People of my House
(Ahl al-Bayt); I recall Allah to you about my Ahl al-Bayt."*
*The Holy Prophet (PBUH) repeated the last sentence thrice. This is as
recorded in the Sahih Muslim of Muslim. However, Nisa’i, Imam Ahmad ibn
Hambal, Tirmizi, Tibrani and Tabarri have related some further sentences
relating to the merits of Imam Ali (AS). The most common sentence is the
following, "Of whomsoever I am the Master Ali (AS) is his master; may Allah
keep friendship with everyone who keeps friendship with Ali (AS) and bear
enmity with everyone who bears enmity with Ali (AS)" Sirat an-Nabi, p.165-6*
*In short, when this great sermon of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was over and
the sacred function of declaring Imam Ali (AS) as the Master of all the
Faithful had finished, then according to the narration of several eminent
historians and authentic scholars of Islam, the well-known poet of the Holy
Prophet (PBUH)'s audience named Hassan ibn Sabit sought permission to recite
an encomium in praise of Imam Ali (AS) befitting the occasion and recited a
long poem a few couplets of which are preserved in the relevant books. *
*In that poem Hassan ibn Sabit mentioned all salient points of the Tradition
of Wilayat (Vicegerency) namely that on enquiry of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)
all the people present on the Day of Ghadir Khum confirmed that Allah was
their Master and after Allah, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was their Master, and
then the Holy Prophet announced that for whomsoever he was the Master Ali
(AS) was his Master. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) then directed all of them to
truthfully adhere to Imam Ali (AS) and then prayed to Allah to be friendly
to him who is friendly to Imam Ali (AS), and enemy to him who is enemy to
Imam Ali (AS). *
*After the Holy Prophet had finished all this affair the following verse was
revealed, and it is the last verse of the Holy Qur'an in the order of
revelation: "This day have I perfected for you your religion and have
completed my favour on you, and chosen for you Islam (to be) the religion."
(5:4) The fact that this verse was revealed on the 18th of Zil-Hijjah at
Ghadir-a-Khum after he had made the declaration relating to Imam Ali (AS)
being his Successor, Imam and Master of the Faithful is also recorded by
famous historians, commentators and traditionalists. *
*For example Ibn Wazih has written that it is well established through
authentic traditions that soon after the Holy Prophet (PBUH) declared Imam
Ali (AS) to be the Master of whomsoever the Holy Prophet himself was the
Master, and had finished his sermon, this verse was revealed as the last
verse of the Holy Qur'an. It is known as the verse of Perfection of Religion
and Completion of Divine Favour. *
*The tradition - "of whomsoever I am the Master Ali (AS) is his Master", is
so authentic and has been related by so many scholars of all times in Islam
that it has not been possible to deny it. So people who do not feel happy
with recognising the merits of Imam Ali (AS) or to acknowledge his position
as Successor of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) have tried to undermine his position
by giving lighter interpretation to the word "Maula" used by the Holy
Prophet. Some of them say that Maula means friend, others say it means
helper etc.. The real significance of the word Maula is however quite clear
from the declaration of the Holy Prophet that of whomsoever he was the Maula
Ali (AS) is his Maula. Evidently the Holy Prophet can not be called a mere
friend or helper of the Muslims. He was their Guide, their Master and the
Head of their polity duly appointed by Allah .It is authentically accepted
that he never spoke any thing on his except what what Allah wished him to
say.To say that he was a mere friend or helper is derogatory. Since the Holy
Prophet (PBUH) declared Imam Ali (AS) to be Maula as he himself was, it
follows that Imam Ali (AS) would be Maula in the same sense in which the
Holy Prophet is to be regarded Maula. Therefore this historic declaration
puts a final seal on appointment of Imam Ali (AS) as his own Successor,
Viceregent and Caliph. *
*It may be pertinently recalled that first of all it was at the close of the
Feast of Kinsmen known as Dawat az-Zul Ashirah in Islamic history, that is,
when the Holy Prophet (PBUH) had invited his chief kinsmen to a feast and
disclosed before them that he was the Prophet of Allah (Rasoul Allah) who
had commanded him to invite them to the Divine Message, the Holy Prophet
announced, "This Ali (AS) is my Brother (Akhi), my Inheritor (Wasi) my
Successor (Warisih) and my Deputy (Khalifah) over you. You should listen to
him and obey him".*
*Thereafter the Holy Prophet (PBUH) continued announcing to the people off
and on the high merits and achievements of Imam Ali (AS) and reminding them
Imam Ali (AS) was to be regarded as the best and most distinguished among
the Muslim community after the Holy Prophet and to be accepted as his
Successor and Khalifah over them after him. Two of the many sayings are as
follows:*
*First on the occasion of the Ghazwa of Tabook. It is well known that in all
the Ghazwa (battle or encounter with the unbelievers in which the Holy
Prophet himself participated), previous to this Ghazwa, Imam Ali (AS) was
invariably the standard bearer of Islam. In this Ghazwa however, the Holy
Prophet (PBUH) left Imam Ali (AS) behind in Madinah as his Deputy to look
after the local affairs as there was serious apprehension of trouble due to
the underground activities of the hypocrites. The mischief-mongers took this
opportunity to malign Imam Ali (AS) by spreading the rumour that the Holy
Prophet was not happy with Imam Ali (AS). Imam Ali (AS) therefore decided to
have the real position made publicly clear through the Holy Prophet;
accordingly he set off after fully arming himself and overtook the Holy
Prophet (PBUH) at a place called Jaraf.*
*There he appraised the Holy Prophet of what the hypocrites were saying
about his staying behind in Madinah. The Holy Prophet then clarified within
the gathering surrounding him that he had made Imam Ali (AS) his Deputy
(Khalifah) and left him there to act on his behalf. Then addressing Imam Ali
(AS) he said: "Are you not satisfied that you hold the same position to me
as Haroun (AS) held to Musa (AS), except that there would be no Prophet
after me?" Now it is a historical truth that Nabi Haroun (AS) was the Deputy
of Nabi Musa (AS) and served as such during the absence of Nabi Musa (AS) at
Miqat. The Holy Prophet (PBUH)'s above utterance would therefore clearly
imply that just as Nabi Haroun (AS) acted as Deputy of Nabi Musa (AS) during
his absence even though he himself was a Prophet, Imam Ali (AS) was also
Rasoul Allah (PBUH)'s Deputy with the only difference that Imam Ali (AS)
would not be a Prophet after him.*
*The second event we recall relates to the reading out of certain verses of
the Surat al-Bara’at also called Taubah. These verses were revealed in
Madinah before the fall of Makkah and were intended to be read out to the
unbelievers of Makkah. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) sent Abu Bakr with the task
and he left with a party of 300 men. Abu Bakr was yet on the way when the
Holy Prophet (PBUH) sent for Imam Ali (AS) and giving him his own camel
named Asba ordered him to overtake Abu Bakr, take back the aforesaid verses
of the Holy Qur'an and to deliver and read them over to the unbelievers.
Imam Ali (AS) did accordingly.*
*When Abu Bakr returned back to Madinah after Hajj, he enquired from the
Holy Prophet (PBUH) why he was not allowed to complete the mission entrusted
to him to convey the verses, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) replied: "It was
revealed to me from Allah that no one except you yourself or a person from
you should discharge the obligation.(Imam) Ali (AS) is from me and I am from
him; he is my brother, my viceregent, my successor and my caliph among my
family and my Ummat after me so as to pay my debts and fulfil my promises;
no one save (Imam) Ali (AS) can discharge my obligation".*
*In this way again the Holy Prophet introduced Imam Ali (AS) among the
people at large as his own Successor, Viceregent and Caliph after him. The
Tradition of Ghadir namely: "Of whomsoever I am the Master Ali (AS) is his
Master" serve as the last link in the whole chain of these announcements. No
such declaration was ever made about any other person and you cannot find
even in the weakest hadees..This day namely the 18th of Zil-Hijjah is
accordingly celebrated as a day of rejoicing among the lovers and followers
of Ahlebait (a s) and is known as Eid Ghadir e Khum.*
*How I wished the entire Muslim ummah would have accepted these true facts
and there would have been just one deen the true deen of Islam based on the
Hadees-e- Saqlain and on the basis of the happening of Ghadeer e Khum . .*
*I am so highly indebted to all of those who researched and added in this
article and pray that they may be rewarded by almighty for each and every
word of their wisdom. No one can challenge the authencity of this hadees as
it is mutawatir and has been narratoted by hundreds of narrator of Ahle
Sunnah wa Ahle Tashie .*
*Zaheer Husain Khan*
*www.asl-islam.org*
*www.safinatulhidaya.org*
*www.zaheerhusain.multiply.com/blog*
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