At 04:37 AM 8/28/2007 -0400, you wrote:
<http://www.elixa.com/silver/lindmn.htm>http://www.elixa.com/silver/lindmn.htm
Ed.
A few omissions and inaccuracies in there, not too bad an overview.
30 volts is the ideal , no mention of current.
In my book, if you see a stream of golden particles, that indicates too
much current.
The golden particles are probably silver oxides and reaction with H2O2
backs the premise that it's the same stuff that's stuck to the blackening
electrode that emits them. Lowering the current keeps the black on the
electrode, so a constant 30 volts along with ever increasing current will
tend to keep electrodes cleaner, by putting oxides into the water which
would have stayed on that electrode. Every time I've seen a golden stream,
it has always made yellow CS [for me] and the stronger, the more yellow.
Using a timer on an exponentially accelerating process doesn't work very
well to predict the end result. It's not "PPM per minute"
It's PPM per minute, per minute, per volume of water. I'm not that good at
math.
Although a "yellow phase" at some particle size range may have validity, I
don't think it's the whole story.
No mention of the white particle stream, most likely silver hydroxides.
Pure metallic Particles aren't "sintered" off the electrodes...it's all
ions and various water component compounds made out of ions in the process.
The Russian 'silver powder' process mentioned would be more like sintering .
If something strips that positive charge, [by adding an electron from
"somewhere" ] that's when you get a metallic silver particle and they can
cluster and get bigger. How big is another question.
Most of the particles are not pure metallic silver.
From reading the article, it sounds like a 3 nines setup with no
regulation or controls which may say something about what a
<http://www.elixa.com/silver/addendum.htm>CS-300C and
<http://www.elixa.com/silver/cs300d.htm>CS-300D generator is all about.
"Actual electron microscope photographs of this product show the general
particle field to be between .001 and .004 microns in size"
http://www.elixa.com/silver/addendum.htm
The stated particle sizes are derived from TEM images. That method
doesn't measure particles in the water as they are. It measures silver
oxide artifacts made by removing the water which oxidizes ions, in effect,
making what's really in the water, bigger [ions at around 0.000252 microns
... nothing smaller is possible and making bigger ions isn't possible
either ] , to claim smaller particles and not even measuring the *actual*
particles [Metallic silver, silver hydroxide and silver oxides ] that ARE
in the water, at all.
" It has been discovered that if the electrical reaction in the water is
slowed down, the Colloidal Silver particles that are produced are SMALLER.
This is good! To slow down the process, the water must have a higher
resistance. What this means is, don't use any electrolyte (eg salt) in the
water." http://www.elixa.com/silver/addendum.htm
Hey.. control that current with current controls, don't depend on
exponentially changing water conductivity that's doing the same thing that
salt would be making worse. [Besides making silver chlorides ]
It is possible to make pretty good EIS with 3 nines...pretty tricky.
Consistency between batches...really tricky.
A few inexpensive instruments, a couple of simple controls and constant
monitoring will help a lot.
Even "not wonderful" IES /CS ....works.
Having absolutely no idea of what you just made... is not entirely safe
to use, but still pretty unlikely to cause a problem if the least tiny bit
of caution is employed.
Thinking you know what you just did, isn't exactly the same as actually
knowing.
[Well, really..having a pretty good idea, as, "knowing" takes some really
expensive instruments and a lot of education and skill even that most
laboratories don't quite have. ]
I don't know if silver oxides are "good", or not. I just prefer them to
not be in the water and the water be colorless. An opinion.
"Metallic" silver particles tend to reflect yellow and less so, green
light, better than other colors.
Sometimes moving the bottle.. removes the apparent color.
If you notice that is so, you probably have a majority of the particles as
pure metallic silver acting like billions of tiny mirrors.
..and no, they don't tend to settle out or grow very much. If they are that
small, they will generally have a weak negative charge from Vadervalls
forces that keep them apart. [ Not a strong positive electron charge like
silver ions have]
No instrument that I know of will discriminate between the various sorts of
particles so you can know which ones are what size.
You do get divisions in size ranges with proportions and I suspect the
smallest are the metallic part and the larger ranges are the Hydroxides and
Oxides...but I don't "know" that.
I don't know of any instrument that will tell the proportions either,
beyond giving an "all" particles to ionic ratio.
The "correct" instrument to gauge particle sizes is a Malvern Particle
Sizer. I believe it uses calibrated laser light diffusion principles.
There is some sort of microscope that can see particles as they exist in
water, but I don't now what it is. I've just seen some photos, thanks to
Nancy Delise and a relative at a waste water plant.
[ They don't look anything at all like a TEM photo. It looks like it should. ]
http://silverpuppy.com/csh2o2.html
ode
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