PART 2 of MMS-related topics.
[This is the continuation of an email from October 2002]
http://www.btcproducts.co.za/clo2.asp
Chlorine Dioxide Based Liquid Disinfectants :
Chlorine dioxide is a powerful broad spectrum bactericide, fungicide,
virucide, algicide, sporacide and it also destroys protozoa. Its very unique
properties allow it to be one of the most environmentally friendly
agricultural chemicals available in that this simple molecule leaves little
to no residue (footprint) of its use. It is a very versatile disinfectant /
sanitiser with many applications. The simple answer is: ClO2.
Chlorine dioxide is not another form of chlorine. We can draw an analogue to
hydrogen and hydrogen cyanide, they are both gases, have the same first
name, but completely different properties. So too with chlorine dioxide and
chlorine, indeed one molecule does make a big difference!!!!!
Chlorine Dioxide is defined in the USA as having "no elemental free
chlorine"; hence it does not chlorinate. It is because of this fact and the
amazing chemistry of chlorine dioxide that it is slowly becoming an
important tool in disinfection and sanitation in the world to-day.
The physical and chemical properties of chlorine dioxide outline below will
unravel its amazing capabilities.
1. Chlorine dioxide does not dissociate in water. It stays as chlorine
dioxide therefore its ability to operate as a disinfectant / sanitiser is
independent of pH.
2. Chlorine dioxide is an oxidant with a low redox potential. It has a
redox potential of +0.96 mV compared to chlorine of +1.36 mV. There is no
relationship between redox and disinfecting efficacy.
3. Chlorine dioxide has a few specific chemical reactions. From this
property a number of very interesting properties are derived: it has a very
low toxicity rating, indeed some formulations have GRAS status. It is
generally regarded as a "non-irritant" and it is not corrosive.
4. Chlorine dioxide has a very high efficacy against vegetative cells, for
example, bacteria; fungi, yeasts and molds; viruses; algae; and protozoa. It
has little to no effect on human, animal and fish cells. (It has been shown
to have high efficacy against mollusks and acracides with unconfirmed
reports suggesting some action against nematodes.)
5. From the above properties, it is not surprising then to learn that
"chlorine dioxide does not constitute a risk against the environment". The
Alliance for Environmental Technology (AET), is a group of 19 North American
chemical manufacturers and forest product companies, established to promote
proven and practical technologies to raise the environmental awareness has
indicated that the "environmental risks of a modern paper mill using
chlorine dioxide are INSIGNIFICANT."
6. The low oxidation potential of chlorine dioxide means that it can
penetrate biofilm and indeed chlorine dioxide has been proven as the MOST
effective chemical against biofilm. This has now been recognized by numerous
organisations eg. Institute of Food Technologists in their report entitled
"Microbial Attechment and Biofilm formation-A Scientific Summary, July '94
Food Technology." (It has been clinically demonstrated that the presence of
biofilm is the critical step in the infection pathway of legionellosis. A
simple and elegant solution is available in chlorine dioxide to overcome the
problems related to having biofilm in a system. CAUTION, is advised when one
is running a disinfection / sanitising programme during which one is eroding
away the biofilm-- theory and practice are indeed different bed mates.
7. A peer review paper by Dr Tanner has shown that OXINE FP (chlorine
dioxide) is a factor lower in dosage for the same efficacy against bacteria
and fungi when compared against any other standard disinfectant like
chlorine, iodine, bromine, hydrogen peroxide, quaternary ammonium compounds
(QUATS), glutraladehyde, phenolics and peroxyacetic acid formulations.
8. Finally, chlorine dioxide can be easily and accurately measured in the
packhouse, at the farm or food plant. No other disinfectant / sanitiser can
make this claim. Hence, chlorine dioxide can easily meet GMP, HACCP, SQF or
any other quality food safety management system for consistency of
performance.
In conclusion, therefore we have a disinfectant / sanitiser which is an
oxidant with few chemical reactions, no pH limitations, very low toxicity,
worldwide approval for drinking water, very high efficacy against
micro-organisms, has a strong and measurable residual. The product when
applied will not corrode equipment, will not produce an environment harmful
to workers or consumers.
Truly a wonderful product, but it is not a magic bullet and it cannot solve
all problems. We have examined the properties of chlorine dioxide that make
it close to being the "ideal" biocide, however, the fact that it is a gas
which cannot be compressed without exploding seemingly reduces its
availability to be used..
[NENAH: Now here is more information about Chlorine Dioxide from another
company.]
http://windupradio.com/Pristine/chlorine.htm
* Chlorine Dioxide kills the following: viruses, bacteria, giardia,
cryptosporidium, botulism, e. coli, cholera
* Chlorine Dioxide eliminates the following: many pollutants found in waste
water, cyanides in wastewater, nitrites and sulfides, potential carcinogenic
substances such as 3,4-benzopyrene, iron and manganese in water, tastes and
odors produced by algae, the dyes produced by chlorophyll and plants,
pesticides
* Chlorine Dioxide Advantages: Does not produce THMs as chlorine does; Does
not give rise to the formation of chloroform and bromochloromethane as
chlorine does; Does not react with ammonia, nitrogenous compounds or
precursors to form chloroform as chlorine does; Does not affect the thyroid
gland as iodine does
--
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