Malcolm, Here is the information on making silver citrate (SC). Before I get to that I thought I'd mention how I have elected to use it. I use a combination of SC and EIS. I use EIS topically, inhaled with a nebulizer, nasal spray and orally when combined with DMSO. For drinking I use SC blended with EIS but the EIS I use has been made to a high ppm and has had H2O2 added to maximize the silver particle content. When I blend the SC and EIS, I expect that the ionic silver in the EIS combines with citric acid in the SC solution resulting in an SC/silver particle solution with no ionic silver. I surmise that the resultant solution is highly bioavailable and effective against both bacteria and viruses. The reason I make this distinction is because I have seen studies that show that bacteria, at least some, actually ingest the silver and the SC is supposed to be very effective for this. However I have seen a study where for the HIV virus, the virus does not ingest the silver but the silver actually attaches to the virus's receptor points, making it impossible for the virus to attach to a cell host and eventually killing the virus. I do not know if SC is similarly effective against virus and so decided to cover both bases. I can send you links to the two studies if you are interested. I also use the SC as a disinfectant for both household and food uses. As an example of food use, it was recently mentioned that EIS should be used topically on turkeys. I have not used on a turkey but I do dip uncooked chicken in a diluted solution of SC, especially if it is not going to be cooked right away. When I say diluted SC I mean a solution of 10 to 30 ppm silver content (percent dilution based on intended use). I make the SC at a concentration of 400 to 600 ppm and usually dilute it before us. The only exception is when traveling and I carry a dropper bottle of concentrated SC with me and I just take a few drops without dilution. At 400 ppm, 4.5 drops contains the full recommended dosage of silver and so I prefer a diluted solution to minimize the possibility of taking too much. I know of three versions of silver citrate on the market. One is called Sliver 100 and is made by Opti-Silver: http://www.silver100.com/productinfo.pdf. It is made using silver oxide as the ionic silver source. The silver oxide is mixed with citric acid and tripotassium citrate to create SC. According to the manufacturer: "While the patent covers a broad range of substances, the company has chosen to use citrate as the complexing agent, and potassium as the counter-ion for maximum stability" While I don't make this version, I would guess that you could add tripotassium citrate to standard SC if you are interested in potassium as the counter-ion. A patent related to the product is at: http://www.silver100.com/USPatent.PDF.
A second silver citrate supplier is Pure Bioscience who sells SC for both internal use and as a disinfectant under the Biocide and Axenohl labels. They sell the SC in concentrations of up to 2400 ppm. I have seen other SC sellers that appear to buy the concentrate, dilute it to 20 ppm and sell it under their private label. Pure Bioscience refers to their SC as silver dihydrogen citrate, but it is simply SC made same the same way as EIS but using a citric acid solution instead of distilled water. Here is an article regarding their disinfectant spray: http://cr.pennnet.com/display_article/310415/15/ARCHI/none/TOPST/1/MRSA- infection-eradicated-for-14-months-With-SDC-disinfectant-in-Tulsa-County -Jail/ <http://cr.pennnet.com/display_article/310415/15/ARCHI/none/TOPST/1/MRSA -infection-eradicated-for-14-months-With-SDC-disinfectant-in-Tulsa-Count y-Jail/%20> The antibacterial spray is silver citrate at 30 ppm. Not to be outdone, they also have a patent: http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6197814.html. The third silver citrate I know of is marked under the name Water OZ. While the supplier has never disclosed the ingredients in Water OZ, it has tested out as an SC solution. Now, how I make SC. (I know you must be thinking - Finally!!!). I use a 5% solution, by volume, of citric acid dissolved in distilled water for concentrations of up to 600 ppm. Measurement is not critical since I use more citric acid than is necessary. If you use enough citric acid you can generate silver citrate solutions to over 23,000 ppm. See: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2590638: FROM THE REPORT: "Silver citrate is a white substance with a very limited solubility in water. Under the normal physicochemical conditions, 1 part of silver citrate is soluble in 3500 parts of water, which corresponds to 285 ppm of Ag(I) ion in the solution [11]." "Formation of silver citrate/citric acid complexed solutions was investigated. Although, silver citrate is minimally soluble in water, it can successfully be dissolved in citric acid solutions. The maximum concentration of Ag(I) in solution is estimated at 23 to 25 g/L if the concentration of citric acid is at least 4 mol/L or higher." In the report above, there is a graph showing how much citric acid you need vs ppm of silver citrate. Please note that the graph does not include the citric acid needed to create the silver citrate in the first place so you will need to use more than is shown. I used a 38 VDC power supply with no limiting. My positive silver electrode has about 7 square inches of surface area. When I first turned the generator on it was drawing over 1 amp. I then just reduced the size of the negative electrode to produce a 600 ma current. At that current you can make 2 liters of 400 ppm SC in about 20 minutes. The current draw did not change noticeably during the 20 minutes. I guess that the high conductivity of the citric acid swamped any conductivity added by the silver. I was surprised at how little silver oxide I was getting on the negative electrode. All told, I ended up with MUCH less silver oxide than I get when making standard EIS. And there was no appreciable silver oxide formation until the solution was at over 200 ppm. (I don't remember exactly when silver oxide started forming) Of course I was using stirring but it is amazing how the citric acid just sucks up the silver ions as they are being released , even at such a high rate, and converts it to SC. The final solution does show a tyndall effect but I don't believe that there are any silver particles. It has been over 6 months since the first brewing and a bottle of SC over that time has had no silver has precipitated out. The low generation of silver oxide should make use of the Herx Silver Faraday Calculator fairly accurate, I think. - Steve N -- The Silver List is a moderated forum for discussing Colloidal Silver. Instructions for unsubscribing are posted at: http://silverlist.org To post, address your message to: [email protected] Address Off-Topic messages to: [email protected] The Silver List and Off Topic List archives are currently down... List maintainer: Mike Devour <[email protected]>
