Re: CS>Making 100% colloidal EIS Jim Holmes Thu, 03 May 2012 11:35:50 -0700
> Has anyone calculated the optimal weight/volume of C per unit > volume of aprox 10 ppm total mixed particulate and ionic? Please let me put this to bed. If you are ingesting cs, it makes no difference. To review, the equation of the silver electrolysis reaction at the cathode is H2O + e- --> H + OH- This means the cathode releases an electron. The closest water molecule grabs it and deionizes one of the two hydrogen ions to form a neutral hydrogen atom and a negative hydroxide ion. This reaction shows why it is impossible to force electrons to flow in an electrolyte, and it shows why blood electrification using Zappers cannot work as described. The reaction is actually iontophoresis, which can deposit copper ions into the surface of the skin. It will also deposit any other contamination, such as deposits in the sponge or cotton fabric, and plastic residue from the copper insulation if you use copper wire. If you use copper pipe, it will be contaminated with all kinds of residues that embed into the surface. None of this is good to inject into your body. Back to siler electrolysis. The reaction at the anode is Ag - e- --> Ag+ This means a neutral silver atom releases an electron and becomes a positive silver ion. This enters the solution, but it is invisible and does not show up as Tyndall, and does not affect the color of the solution. The silver ions repel each other and will not combine. The two opposite ions will drift towards each other slowly under the influence of the electric field across the cell. I have done studies on this and reported them to the SilverList and also to the Silver Central forum. When the silver ions reach the cathode, several things can happen. At low currents, the ions simply plate out and form silver whiskers hanging down from the cathode. (I assume you are using a U-channel and not straight electrodes from the old 3 nines.) At higher currents, the silver plates out faster and starts to form a sludge on the bottom of the U-channel. This can combine with the hydrogen gas and form bubbles. These can rise to the surface and form a thin sheen of silver, probably one atom thick. You can ignore it and not worry about trying to skim it off with a tissue or try to filter it out. Both methods will release far more contamination from the paper process that will combine with the silver ions and remove them from the solution. At still higher currents, the incoming ions start to combine with the outgoing hydroxide ions and form silver hydroxide. This is insoluble, inert, and has no biological activity. About half may stick to the cathode, some may fall to the bottom of the jar and form a black spot, and some will enter the solution as neutral particles. The equation is Ag+ + OH- --> AgOH At this point, the particles are far too small to show up as Tyndall, and cannot be seen with the naked eye. However, they will eventually combine due to van Der Walls forces and form larger particles. These become large enough to show up as Tyndall, and will absorb some of the blue light from the spectrum due to plasmon absorbance. This leaves red and green, which combine to form yellow. The yellow in the spectrum remains yellow, and the overall tint is the distinctive yellow tint of collodial silver. Please note the color does not change with particle size, only the depth of the yellow tint. The absorbance is due to plasmon absorbance and not reflection, which is affected by the size of the particles and does change color. The reaction at the anode depends on the cell current density. At low current, the ion density is not high enough for the silver and hydroxide ions to find each other, and no silver hydroxide is produced. This is the foundation of the SilverCell process. Every cs generator has a critical threshold current that I call the Nernst Threshold. This determines the ion density in the Nernst Diffusion region next to the surface of the electrode. If the cell current is below this threshold, you cannot form silver hydroxide particles, and there will be no Tyndall, and the solution will never turn yellow. At higher cell current, the ion density is high enough for the silver and hydroxide ions to find each other, and they combine to form silver hydroxide. The equation is shown above. Again, some of the AgOH will stick to the anode, some may fall to the bottom of the jar, and some will disperse into the dw. However, it does not dissolve, and will eventually combine due to van Der Walls forces as described above. When the process starts forming AgOH, you must terminate the brew. If you continue, then all the electrons supplied to the cell merely go to silver plateout and the formation of silver hydroxide. The silver ion concentration does not increase, and the cs will turn yellow quicker. The SilverCell process has the distinctive advantage is the brew can continue past the point where other cs generators must be shut down. This allows you to reach much higher silver ion concentrations, up to abut 51uS. But since the threshold concentration is only 20us to combat the most virulent Herpes Simplex and Herpes Zoster viruses, there is not need to push it that high. It takes a long time and wastes a lot of silver. The reasonable target is 35uS to 37uS, which can easily be met by simply monitoring the length of the silver whiskers at the cathode. when they reach about 1/8", swap the polarity and wait for them to appear at the other electrode. When they are about 1/8" long, terminate the brew. That will put you at about 35uS to 37uS without the need for expensive pwt's or dmms to monitor the process. You can verify the result with the salt test, which is another very inexpensive method. It has the advantage that it is not affected by contamination, such as silver sulfide which collects on the silver electrodes and can severly disrupt the brew process. I find that a simple desulfurization using titanium foil will remove the sulfer contamination and restore the proper operation of the electrolysis process. I describe the Salt Test in more detail here: http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/silvercentral/message/560?l=1 I will post more information on desulfurization using aluminum and titanium anodes later. When you ingest colloidal silver that has some portion as silver hydroxide particles, the hydrochloric acid in the stomach combines with the silver hydroxide and forms silver chloride and water. The equation is: HCl + AgOH --> AgCl + H2O The silver ions that are in the solution also combine with the hydrochloric acid. The equation is: Ag + + OH- + HCl --> AgCl + H2O Please note the two equations are identical. So it doesn't matter what proportion of silver ions and silver hydroxide you have in your cs, it all ends up exactly the same. That should complete the discussions on colloidal silver particles. If you have any questions, please let me know. Thanks, Mike Monett -- The Silver List is a moderated forum for discussing Colloidal Silver. Rules and Instructions: http://www.silverlist.org Unsubscribe: <mailto:[email protected]?subject=unsubscribe> Archives: http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/maillist.html Off-Topic discussions: <mailto:[email protected]> List Owner: Mike Devour <mailto:[email protected]>
