As formerly refered to, this is Radio Shacks expensive meter, cat 23-174A. I use this meter for making DC amp measurements, but only on the scale of 4-400 ma, as the lower scale gives wrong readings, and this is presumed to be because the meter circuitry employs a very high internal resistance on that low scale, to produce a situation where the meter itself essentially interacts with the process it measures so that it changes that measurement. An example here is made to show that fact. A standard 10 volt variac input is used to establish a 1.05 ma current limited amperage across the coins,[[note extraneous comments injected here[[]] by a somewhat complicated resonant coil system that gives voltage rise: where the advantage to this setup is that it becomes a constantly varying voltage source that only developes its output voltage in accordance to the conductivity of the load, so that it becomes a true current limited source, only developing the voltage necessary for the conduction of the amount of current initally set at the beginning by measuring the amperage at dead short as a load, establishing a current limit that cannot be exceeded, only approached as the solution becomes more conductive. Due to the fact that the "internal impedance" of that resonant source is some 40,000 ohms of coil reactance on dead short, the system that produces AC voltage has loss/gain factors, and has loss problems associated with the non conducting ohmic resistance value of the diodes themselves, so that the more amperage that is extracted from the system, the more the conversion of AC to DC is downgraded for lower q factors of the voltage rise factor. An example of this is the measurement differences of voltage input ranges of open DC diode voltages, where a 10 volt variac estyablishing about 1.0 -1.05 ma on short, will create about 96 volts open DC between silver, and then around 35- 40 volts across only a single round silver coin cell in distilled water submersion, where that input voltage is quickly halved within several minutes after startup, with a finished 12-14 hour batch ending near 4 volts betwen electrodes, making for a conductivity 4 to 5 times higher then original values tested at start-up. In contrast the data for a 5 cell inputs were; 102 volts necessary to current limit 5 ma to 5 cells in parallel, ie each cell is current limited to 1 ma, where source sees 5ma as a current limit. Formerly it took 10 volts to obtain 1 ma current limit, but 5 times more voltage does not enable 5 times more current, but only half of that value, so ~ 100 volts input is needed. Formerly a 9/1 ratio of voltage rise between source input and open coin DC voltages existed. The 100 volt input however only enables 280 volts DC on the open connection,(only a 2.8/1 voltage rise ratio for a 100 volt input) becoming an initial 30 volts DC upon contact of 10 electrodes to each 5 cells, where 40 minutes later the input voltage has decreased 50% to ~ 15 volts, and after 14 hours on a CL batch at 4.9 ma, the final results were 2.4 volt DC volts. Equivalent start to finish 19 volt battery tests showed 18.7 volts DC enabling 4.15 ma at start, and then the same voltage source reading a reduced voltage of 15.3 volts DC enabling 28 ma on 14 hour finish. A single glass from the combined glasses into a jug easily showed over 5 times initial conductivity, also current limited just under 1 ma. The third bulk batch made at nightime acquired a gold tint after several days, and this is a good nightime batch brewing time, near the full moon.]]]Note; this brings us back to the single cell discussed previously where for this case the solution has already been partially made conductive by silver ion deposits. The voltage across the coins, and the amperage across the coins are both measured from independent meters, where the true rms meter is used for DC amperage, and in this case 1.05 ma is recorded with 13 volts across the coins. Now the true rms meter is taken out of the DC circuit and instead placed outside the full wave rectifier, where it then reads .57 ma AC input, to establish that 1.05 DC ma conduction. (Typically the AC amperage in vs DC amperage across bridge will be different values, due to the fact that true rms meters read the average of the AC current, not the peak value.) However ALL DVM's also do this for AC, which normally reads rms values also. So what is the point in even having a "true rms" DVM? Well supposedly if we are actually measuring a "non- sinusoidal" AC input amperage, the True rms meter will show an "average" AC value corresponding to the area under the non sinusoidal curve that input makes. In any case however for normal circumstances, the peak AC value is 1.4 times the rms value, and after going though the full wave rectification for DC, the filter cap being in place to make for the elimination of DC ripple, then gives a DC value near 1.4 times the rms AC being inputed. These are mundane issues that are only mentioned for those questioning how the DC across the bridge can be greater than the measured AC rms input to the diode system. Now since we have replaced the amperage meter to the outside of the DC circuit, so that it is now measuring AC rms input, let us see what happens when we switch to the 0-4 ma range. Formerly the readings were .57 ma rms AC input: producing 1.05 ma DC current with 13 volts across the coins. Switching to the appropriate smaller 0-4 ma scale we see the amperage input change to .25 ua, ( a faulty reading, where I have always ignored the ua symbol, and regarded it as ma, which in this case, only ~half the current would now be entering the DC bridge), but we also see that the voltage across the coins is now only ~6 volts! Thus we can speculate that the internal resistance of the meter on the smallest range must be close to the internal resistance of the cell itself, resuting in the overall input being cut into half. I am only guessing here, but if anyone has this meter, and uses an AC input to diodes for production of DC currents, they can try this same experiment to see how the low range on AC produces a reduction of actual current through the cell, and by this drop we can conclude that the meters internal resistance on that range is significantly close to the actual resistance of the cell so as to reduce the current and voltage by 50%. This of course also depends on the geometry of the cell you employ. These tests were made with silver rounds about 40% immersed into the 13 oz solution, at about 3/4 inch separation of silver electrodes.
HDN ===== Tesla Research Group; Pioneering the Applications of Interphasal Resonances http://groups.yahoo.com/group/teslafy/ __________________________________ Do you Yahoo!? The New Yahoo! Search - Faster. Easier. Bingo. http://search.yahoo.com -- The silver-list is a moderated forum for discussion of colloidal silver. Instructions for unsubscribing may be found at: http://silverlist.org To post, address your message to: [email protected] Silver-list archive: http://escribe.com/health/thesilverlist/index.html List maintainer: Mike Devour <[email protected]>
