An ion is an atom with a missing or added electron. This gives it a
charge at the atomic level where it wants to share electrons with an ion
with an opposite charge or gain / lose an electron. Stray electrons are
everywhere, produced when radio waves photons and the like strike a surface
etc. Ions are extremely unstable and ionic charge very strong.
There are many sorts of charges weak and strong. If an induced charge is
strong enough, it can ionize the material being charged, but an electrical
or static charge doesn't necessarily do that. In water is about the last
place to expect a static charge to exist as it has a strong tendency to
bleed off and perfect insulators don't exist.
I think it has been shown that the force that keep suspended particles
apart is the very weak Vandervalls force, not ionic charge and that any
time you make an ion with electrolysis, you also make an anion to balance
it with. It can take a while for the two to find each other, but they
will. [ Never mind capacitive effects, lousy glass photovoltaics and
nucleation sites that may do other things]
So you'd be correct in saying that it's a like charge that repulses, but
wrong in what that charge is.
The result isn't always very stable and molecular bonds weak so other
unstable compounds such as a free radical [for one] can strip electrons out
or add some and re-ionize the components of that unstable compound.
A dissolved compound is like another state of matter. It's still what it
is, but...consists of more or less charge balanced ions and anions.
A Hydrosol might be an example of a loosely bonded ionic solution, more
of a charge association with water molecules than an actual compound, but
I'm not sure.
weeeell...look it UP!
hy·dro·sol (h+'drY-sôl', -sMl', -sOl') n. A colloid with water as the
dispersing medium.
The word seems to be in conflict with the definition. Hydro meaning water
and sol meaning solution, but a colloid is not a solution, it's a
suspension. [Or, is it really somewhere in between?]
[EIS is both a -ion and anion- solution and a suspension]
Aqueous <http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/solution.html>solutions fall into
three general categories based on how well they conduct electricity:
* Strong <http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/electrolyte.html>electrolytes
when dissolved in water dissociate completely into ions and conduct
electricity. For example, sodium chloride, NaCl, dissociates into Na+ and
Cl- ions in water. Other examples of strong electrolytes are nitric acid
(HNO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
* Weak <http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/electrolyte.html>electrolytes when
dissolved in water do not dissociate to any large extent and therefore do
not conduct electricity very well. Examples include ammonia (NH3) and
acetic acid (CH3COOH).
* Non-electrolytes do not dissociate to ions in water and do not
conduct electricity. Examples include sugar (sucrose = C12H22O11),
<http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/alcohol.html>ethanol (CH3CH2OH) and methanol
(CH3OH). Humm, the third category makes the "ionic is dissolved" statement
a matter for qualification but still valid in context.
It presents some interesting size related possibilities of a crossover
point between nonconductive colloidal particles and conductive ions and
anions. Could that be where the Vandervalls force lives? Sugar is a large
molecule that might not be able to get small enough to make it to the
crossover point and still be sugar. Following that line, perhaps the
larger the particle, the weaker the repulsive Vandervalls
force...therefore, once agglomeration starts, any added over threshold
kinetic energy will accelerate it.
Anyone who has made rock candy knows that sugar will both dissolve
quite readily and crystallize around a nucleus when the saturation point is
brought down by cooling the solution.
Pure metallic colloid sized silver particles trapped in a hydrogen
bubble acts like a semiconductor almost like the bubble is trying to
squeeze the particles into a metal wire but can't quite do it, being
balanced to a close juxtaposition by the curvature of the bubble but kept
from direct contact by the Vandervalls force. Apply a little more
pressure, destroy or compress the bubble and/or the water interface and you
get plain metallic fully conductive silver. ..just an idea.. Double
Hummm. I'm visualizing a way to make fine silver ball like nano granules
just by adding a few thousand PSI to a container of water that has "Grey
Beard" in it. [Micro bearings? Liquid wire? Silver powder coat? ] LOL
Particles agglomerate become heavy and fall out of suspension, not
because a strong ionic charge was neutralized by some outside force, but
because the Vandervalls force is so weak that even Brownian motion can
overcome it by causing a collision at a velocity the weak force can't
resist. [ It's almost like billiard balls covered with velcro being held
apart by ants.]
The strong ionic charges are already neutralized which is what made it a
particle in suspension to start with.
Ode
At 05:26 PM 8/30/2006 -0400, you wrote:
Ode said,
> Anything that's "dissolved" is ionic and nothing
> that is suspended is.
I beg to differ with you. We believe that colloidal
silver particles, which are suspended in water, all
have the same charge and repel each other, which helps
to keep them in suspension. Certain influences such as
magnetism, sunlight and temperature can cause the
suspended particles to lose their charge and fall out
of suspension.
'Ionic' merely means to have a charge, whether a small
or large particle. The use of the word 'ionic' to
indicate small particle size or to designate its
suspension or solution is incorrect. A particle that
is in either suspension or solution and has a positive
or negative charge is ionic.
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