I have tomcat 4.0.1, Slide 1.0.16 and JDK 1.3.1 on Windows 2000
I am trying to integrate Slide realm authentication with tomcat 4.0, i
copied all required jar and trying to change server.xml to be:
<Realm className="wrappers.catalina.SlideRealm" />
instead of
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.MemoryRealm">
But I always have this error:
C:\jakarta-tomcat-4.0.1\bin>catalina run
Using CATALINA_BASE: ..
Using CATALINA_HOME: ..
Using CLASSPATH: ..\bin\bootstrap.jar;c:\jdk1.3\lib\tools.jar
Using JAVA_HOME: c:\jdk1.3
Exception during startup processing
java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError:
org/apache/catalina/realm/RealmBase
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass0(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:486)
at
java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:111)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:248)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(URLClassLoader.java:56)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:195)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:188)
at
org.apache.catalina.loader.StandardClassLoader.findClass(StandardClassLoader
.java:671)
at
org.apache.catalina.loader.StandardClassLoader.loadClass(StandardClassLoader
.java:1090)
at
org.apache.catalina.loader.StandardClassLoader.loadClass(StandardClassLoader
.java:989)
at
org.apache.catalina.loader.StandardClassLoader.loadClass(StandardClassLoader
.java:1073)
at
org.apache.catalina.loader.StandardClassLoader.loadClass(StandardClassLoader
.java:989)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(ClassLoader.java:313)
at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:120)
at
org.apache.catalina.util.xml.ObjectCreate.start(XmlMapper.java:616)
at
org.apache.catalina.util.xml.XmlMapper.matchStart(XmlMapper.java:412)
at
org.apache.catalina.util.xml.XmlMapper.startElement(XmlMapper.java:91)
at
org.xml.sax.helpers.XMLReaderAdapter.startElement(XMLReaderAdapter.java:329)
at
org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser.startElement(SAXParser.java:1376)
at
org.apache.xerces.validators.common.XMLValidator.callStartElement(XMLValidat
or.java:1214)
at
org.apache.xerces.framework.XMLDocumentScanner.scanElement(XMLDocumentScanne
r.java:1806)
at
org.apache.xerces.framework.XMLDocumentScanner$ContentDispatcher.dispatch(XM
LDocumentScanner.java:1182)
at
org.apache.xerces.framework.XMLDocumentScanner.parseSome(XMLDocumentScanner.
java:381)
at org.apache.xerces.framework.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:1081)
at
org.xml.sax.helpers.XMLReaderAdapter.parse(XMLReaderAdapter.java:223)
at javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser.parse(SAXParser.java:345)
at javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser.parse(SAXParser.java:290)
at
org.apache.catalina.util.xml.XmlMapper.readXml(XmlMapper.java:228)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:725)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.execute(Catalina.java:681)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.process(Catalina.java:179)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:243)
-----
It seems like tomcat unable to find the wrapper class,
wrappers.catalina.SlideRealm, but I already copied all jars to common\lib
including slide-catalinawrapper.jar
Thanks for your time
Hamad
<!-- Example Server Configuration File -->
<!-- Note that component elements are nested corresponding to their
parent-child relationships with each other -->
<!-- A "Server" is a singleton element that represents the entire JVM,
which may contain one or more "Service" instances. The Server
listens for a shutdown command on the indicated port.
Note: A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
define subcomponents such as "Valves" or "Loggers" at this level.
-->
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN" debug="0">
<!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
a single "Container" (and therefore the web applications visible
within that Container). Normally, that Container is an "Engine",
but this is not required.
Note: A "Service" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
define subcomponents such as "Valves" or "Loggers" at this level.
-->
<!-- Define the Tomcat Stand-Alone Service -->
<Service name="Tomcat-Standalone">
<!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
and responses are returned. Each Connector passes requests on to the
associated "Container" (normally an Engine) for processing.
By default, a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector is established on port 8080.
You can also enable an SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 by
following the instructions below and uncommenting the second Connector
entry. SSL support requires the following steps (see the SSL Config
HOWTO in the Tomcat 4.0 documentation bundle for more detailed
instructions):
* Download and install JSSE 1.0.2 or later, and put the JAR files
into "$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/ext".
* Execute:
%JAVA_HOME%\bin\keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA (Windows)
$JAVA_HOME/bin/keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA (Unix)
with a password value of "changeit" for both the certificate and
the keystore itself.
By default, DNS lookups are enabled when a web application calls
request.getRemoteHost(). This can have an adverse impact on
performance, so you can disable it by setting the
"enableLookups" attribute to "false". When DNS lookups are disabled,
request.getRemoteHost() will return the String version of the
IP address of the remote client.
-->
<!-- Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080 -->
<Connector className="org.apache.catalina.connector.http.HttpConnector"
port="8080" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"
enableLookups="true" redirectPort="8443"
acceptCount="10" debug="0" connectionTimeout="60000"/>
<!-- Note : To disable connection timeouts, set connectionTimeout value
to -1 -->
<!-- Define an SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 -->
<!--
<Connector className="org.apache.catalina.connector.http.HttpConnector"
port="8443" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"
enableLookups="true"
acceptCount="10" debug="0" scheme="https" secure="true">
<Factory className="org.apache.catalina.net.SSLServerSocketFactory"
clientAuth="false" protocol="TLS"/>
</Connector>
-->
<!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
<!--
<Connector className="org.apache.ajp.tomcat4.Ajp13Connector"
port="8009" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"
acceptCount="10" debug="0"/>
-->
<!-- Define a Proxied HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8081 -->
<!-- See proxy documentation for more information about using this. -->
<!--
<Connector className="org.apache.catalina.connector.http.HttpConnector"
port="8081" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"
enableLookups="true"
acceptCount="10" debug="0" connectionTimeout="60000"
proxyPort="80"/>
-->
<!-- Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.0 Test Connector on port 8082 -->
<!--
<Connector className="org.apache.catalina.connector.http10.HttpConnector"
port="8082" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"
enableLookups="true" redirectPort="8443"
acceptCount="10" debug="0"/>
-->
<!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
every request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
on to the appropriate Host (virtual host). -->
<!-- Define the top level container in our container hierarchy -->
<Engine name="Standalone" defaultHost="localhost" debug="0">
<!-- The request dumper valve dumps useful debugging information about
the request headers and cookies that were received, and the response
headers and cookies that were sent, for all requests received by
this instance of Tomcat. If you care only about requests to a
particular virtual host, or a particular application, nest this
element inside the corresponding <Host> or <Context> entry instead.
For a similar mechanism that is portable to all Servlet 2.3
containers, check out the "RequestDumperFilter" Filter in the
example application (the source for this filter may be found in
"$CATALINA_HOME/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/filters").
Request dumping is disabled by default. Uncomment the following
element to enable it. -->
<!--
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RequestDumperValve"/>
-->
<!-- Global logger unless overridden at lower levels -->
<Logger className="org.apache.catalina.logger.FileLogger"
prefix="catalina_log." suffix=".txt"
timestamp="true"/>
<!-- Because this Realm is here, an instance will be shared globally -->
<!--Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.MemoryRealm" /-->
<Realm className="wrappers.catalina.SlideRealm" />
<!-- Replace the above Realm with one of the following to get a Realm
stored in a database and accessed via JDBC -->
<!--
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.JDBCRealm" debug="99"
driverName="org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver"
connectionURL="jdbc:mysql://localhost/authority?user=test;password=test"
userTable="users" userNameCol="user_name" userCredCol="user_pass"
userRoleTable="user_roles" roleNameCol="role_name" />
-->
<!--
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.JDBCRealm" debug="99"
driverName="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"
connectionURL="jdbc:oracle:thin:@ntserver:1521:ORCL?user=scott;password=tiger"
userTable="users" userNameCol="user_name" userCredCol="user_pass"
userRoleTable="user_roles" roleNameCol="role_name" />
-->
<!--
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.JDBCRealm" debug="99"
driverName="sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"
connectionURL="jdbc:odbc:CATALINA"
userTable="users" userNameCol="user_name" userCredCol="user_pass"
userRoleTable="user_roles" roleNameCol="role_name" />
-->
<!-- Define the default virtual host -->
<Host name="localhost" debug="0" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true">
<!-- Normally, users must authenticate themselves to each web app
individually. Uncomment the following entry if you would like
a user to be authenticated the first time they encounter a
resource protected by a security constraint, and then have that
user identity maintained across *all* web applications contained
in this virtual host. -->
<!--
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn"
debug="0"/>
-->
<!-- Access log processes all requests for this virtual host. By
default, log files are created in the "logs" directory relative to
$CATALINA_HOME. If you wish, you can specify a different
directory with the "directory" attribute. Specify either a relative
(to $CATALINA_HOME) or absolute path to the desired directory.
-->
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve"
directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"
pattern="common"/>
<!-- Logger shared by all Contexts related to this virtual host. By
default (when using FileLogger), log files are created in the "logs"
directory relative to $CATALINA_HOME. If you wish, you can specify
a different directory with the "directory" attribute. Specify either a
relative (to $CATALINA_HOME) or absolute path to the desired
directory.-->
<Logger className="org.apache.catalina.logger.FileLogger"
directory="logs" prefix="localhost_log." suffix=".txt"
timestamp="true"/>
<!-- Define properties for each web application. This is only needed
if you want to set non-default properties, or have web application
document roots in places other than the virtual host's appBase
directory. -->
<!-- Tomcat Root Context -->
<Context path="" docBase="ROOT" debug="0"/>
<!-- Here I am going to define context for slide for better integration -->
<!-- wrappers.catalina.SlideRealm -->
<!-- Tomcat Manager Context -->
<Context path="/manager" docBase="manager"
debug="0" privileged="true"/>
<!-- Tomcat Examples Context -->
<Context path="/examples" docBase="examples" debug="0"
reloadable="true">
<Logger className="org.apache.catalina.logger.FileLogger"
prefix="localhost_examples_log." suffix=".txt"
timestamp="true"/>
<Ejb name="ejb/EmplRecord" type="Entity"
home="com.wombat.empl.EmployeeRecordHome"
remote="com.wombat.empl.EmployeeRecord"/>
<!-- PersistentManager: Uncomment the section below to test Persistent
Sessions.
saveOnRestart: If true, all active sessions will be saved
to the Store when Catalina is shutdown, regardless of
other settings. All Sessions found in the Store will be
loaded on startup. Sessions past their expiration are
ignored in both cases.
maxActiveSessions: If 0 or greater, having too many active
sessions will result in some being swapped out. minIdleSwap
limits this. -1 means unlimited sessions are allowed.
0 means sessions will almost always be swapped out after
use - this will be noticeably slow for your users.
minIdleSwap: Sessions must be idle for at least this long
(in seconds) before they will be swapped out due to
maxActiveSessions. This avoids thrashing when the site is
highly active. -1 or 0 means there is no minimum - sessions
can be swapped out at any time.
maxIdleSwap: Sessions will be swapped out if idle for this
long (in seconds). If minIdleSwap is higher, then it will
override this. This isn't exact: it is checked periodically.
-1 means sessions won't be swapped out for this reason,
although they may be swapped out for maxActiveSessions.
If set to >= 0, guarantees that all sessions found in the
Store will be loaded on startup.
maxIdleBackup: Sessions will be backed up (saved to the Store,
but left in active memory) if idle for this long (in seconds),
and all sessions found in the Store will be loaded on startup.
If set to -1 sessions will not be backed up, 0 means they
should be backed up shortly after being used.
To clear sessions from the Store, set maxActiveSessions, maxIdleSwap,
and minIdleBackup all to -1, saveOnRestart to false, then restart
Catalina.
-->
<!--
<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.session.PersistentManager"
debug="0"
saveOnRestart="true"
maxActiveSessions="-1"
minIdleSwap="-1"
maxIdleSwap="-1"
maxIdleBackup="-1">
<Store className="org.apache.catalina.session.FileStore"/>
</Manager>
-->
<Environment name="maxExemptions" type="java.lang.Integer"
value="15"/>
<Parameter name="context.param.name" value="context.param.value"
override="false"/>
<Resource name="jdbc/EmployeeAppDb" auth="SERVLET"
type="javax.sql.DataSource"/>
<ResourceParams name="jdbc/EmployeeAppDb">
<parameter><name>user</name><value>sa</value></parameter>
<parameter><name>password</name><value></value></parameter>
<parameter><name>driverClassName</name>
<value>org.hsql.jdbcDriver</value></parameter>
<parameter><name>driverName</name>
<value>jdbc:HypersonicSQL:database</value></parameter>
</ResourceParams>
<Resource name="mail/Session" auth="Container"
type="javax.mail.Session"/>
<ResourceParams name="mail/Session">
<parameter>
<name>mail.smtp.host</name>
<value>localhost</value>
</parameter>
</ResourceParams>
</Context>
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
<!-- ==========Here is another service to connect with Apache=============== -->
<!-- The MOD_WEBAPP connector is used to connect Apache 1.3 with Tomcat 4.0
as its servlet container. Please read the README.txt file coming with
the WebApp Module distribution on how to build it.
(Or check out the "jakarta-tomcat-connectors/webapp" CVS repository)
To configure the Apache side, you must ensure that you have the
"ServerName" and "Port" directives defined in "httpd.conf". Then,
lines like these to the bottom of your "httpd.conf" file:
LoadModule webapp_module libexec/mod_webapp.so
WebAppConnection warpConnection warp localhost:8008
WebAppDeploy examples warpConnection /examples/
The next time you restart Apache (after restarting Tomcat, if needed)
the connection will be established, and all applications you make
visible via "WebAppDeploy" directives can be accessed through Apache.
-->
<!-- Define an Apache-Connector Service WARP connector-->
<Service name="Tomcat-Apache">
<Connector className="org.apache.catalina.connector.warp.WarpConnector"
port="8008" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"
enableLookups="true"
acceptCount="10" debug="0"/>
<!-- Replace "localhost" with what your Apache "ServerName" is set to -->
<Engine className="org.apache.catalina.connector.warp.WarpEngine"
name="Apache" debug="0" appBase="webapps">
<!-- Global logger unless overridden at lower levels -->
<Logger className="org.apache.catalina.logger.FileLogger"
prefix="apache_log." suffix=".txt"
timestamp="true"/>
<!-- Because this Realm is here, an instance will be shared globally -->
<!--Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.MemoryRealm" /-->
<Realm className="wrappers.catalina.SlideRealm" />
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<slide logger="org.apache.slide.util.logger.SimpleLogger" logger-level="7" default="slide">
<!--
logger
~~~~~~
org.apache.slide.util.logger.SimpleLogger
default logger with 1 log level
log4j.Log4jLogger
logger with fine granularity
see http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/
logger-level
~~~~~~~~~~~~
0 EMERGENCY
1 CRITICAL
2 ERROR
4 WARNING
6 INFO
7 DEBUG
-->
<namespace name="slide">
<!-- ### Memory Configuration ###
The following memory configuration uses the MemoryDescriptorsStore
for node,security,locks and revisions. For content the FileContentStore
is used. Content is reset before start.
-->
<definition>
<store name="memory">
<nodestore classname="slidestore.reference.MemoryDescriptorsStore">
</nodestore>
<securitystore>
<reference store="nodestore" />
</securitystore>
<lockstore>
<reference store="nodestore" />
</lockstore>
<revisiondescriptorsstore>
<reference store="nodestore" />
</revisiondescriptorsstore>
<revisiondescriptorstore>
<reference store="nodestore" />
</revisiondescriptorstore>
<contentstore classname="slidestore.reference.FileContentStore">
<parameter name="rootpath">contentstore</parameter>
<parameter name="version">false</parameter>
<parameter name="resetBeforeStarting">true</parameter>
</contentstore>
</store>
<scope match="/" store="memory" />
</definition>
<!-- ### JDBC Configuration ###
The following jdbc sample configuration uses the hsql Database Engine
a relational database engine written in Java, for more info:
http://hsqldb.sourceforge.net/
-->
<!--
<definition>
<store name="jdbc">
<nodestore classname="slidestore.reference.JDBCDescriptorsStore">
<parameter name="driver">org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver</parameter>
<parameter name="url">jdbc:hsqldb:slidestructure</parameter>
<parameter name="user">sa</parameter>
<parameter name="password"></parameter>
</nodestore>
<securitystore>
<reference store="nodestore" />
</securitystore>
<lockstore>
<reference store="nodestore" />
</lockstore>
<revisiondescriptorsstore>
<reference store="nodestore" />
</revisiondescriptorsstore>
<revisiondescriptorstore>
<reference store="nodestore" />
</revisiondescriptorstore>
<contentstore classname="slidestore.reference.JDBCContentStore">
<parameter name="driver">org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver</parameter>
<parameter name="url">jdbc:hsqldb:slidecontent</parameter>
<parameter name="user">sa</parameter>
<parameter name="password"></parameter>
</contentstore>
</store>
<scope match="/" store="jdbc" />
</definition>
-->
<!-- ### Mixed JDBC - Filesystem ###
stores: slidestore.reference.JDBCDescriptorsStore
slidestore.reference.FileContentStore
!!! set resetBeforeStarting parameter for FileContentStore to false !!!
-->
<!-- ### Cloudscape configuration (embedded database) ###
stores: slidestore.cloudscape.CloudscapeDescriptorsStore
slidestore.cloudscape.CloudscapeContentStore
driver: COM.cloudscape.core.JDBCDriver
url: jdbc:cloudscape:slidestructure;create=true
jdbc:cloudscape:slidecontent;create=true
-->
<!-- ### Oracle configuration (thin driver) ###
stores: slidestore.reference.JDBCDescriptorsStore
slidestore.oracle.OracleContentStore
driver: oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver
url: jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:slide
-->
<configuration>
<!-- Actions mapping -->
<default-action>/actions</default-action>
<read-object>/actions/read</read-object>
<create-object>/actions/write</create-object>
<remove-object>/actions/write</remove-object>
<grant-permission>/actions/manage</grant-permission>
<revoke-permission>/actions/manage</revoke-permission>
<read-permissions>/actions/manage</read-permissions>
<lock-object>/actions/write</lock-object>
<kill-lock>/actions/manage</kill-lock>
<read-locks>/actions/read</read-locks>
<read-revision-metadata>/actions/read</read-revision-metadata>
<create-revision-metadata>/actions/write</create-revision-metadata>
<modify-revision-metadata>/actions/write</modify-revision-metadata>
<remove-revision-metadata>/actions/write</remove-revision-metadata>
<read-revision-content>/actions/read</read-revision-content>
<create-revision-content>/actions/write</create-revision-content>
<modify-revision-content>/actions/write</modify-revision-content>
<remove-revision-content>/actions/write</remove-revision-content>
<!-- Paths configuration -->
<userspath>/users</userspath>
<guestpath>guest</guestpath>
<filespath>/files</filespath>
<parameter name="dav">true</parameter>
<parameter name="standalone">true</parameter>
<!-- Roles definition -->
<role name="root">slideroles.basic.RootRole</role>
<role name="user">slideroles.basic.UserRole</role>
<role name="guest">slideroles.basic.GuestRole</role>
<!-- Users management -->
<auto-create-users>true</auto-create-users>
<!-- Default properties mapping -->
<default-property name="foo" namespace="nsfoo/" value="bar"
role="user"/>
<default-property name="password" namespace="slide/" value=""
role="user"/>
</configuration>
<data>
<objectnode classname="org.apache.slide.structure.SubjectNode" uri="/">
<!-- Subject can be:
self "~"
all "nobody"
user "/users/john"
group "+/users/groupA"
role "root"
-->
<!-- Uncomment the following line to give all permissions to
principals have the root role -->
<permission action="/actions" subject="root"/>
<permission action="/actions" subject="/users/root"/>
<permission action="/actions/read" subject="/users"
inheritable="false"/>
<permission action="/actions/read" subject="nobody"
inheritable="false"/>
<!-- /users -->
<objectnode classname="org.apache.slide.structure.SubjectNode"
uri="/users">
<permission action="/actions" subject="~"/>
<permission action="/actions" subject="/users/guest"
inheritable="true" negative="true"/>
<permission action="/actions/read" subject="/users"
inheritable="false"/>
<!-- Permission group example -->
<objectnode classname="org.apache.slide.structure.GroupNode"
uri="/users/groupA">
<objectnode classname="org.apache.slide.structure.LinkNode"
uri="/users/groupA/john" linkedUri="/users/john" />
<objectnode classname="org.apache.slide.structure.LinkNode"
uri="/users/groupA/root" linkedUri="/users/root" />
<objectnode classname="org.apache.slide.structure.SubjectNode"
uri="/users/groupA/singleGroupMember" />
</objectnode>
<!-- /users/root represents the administrator -->
<objectnode classname="slideroles.basic.RootRoleImpl"
uri="/users/root">
<revision>
<property name="password">root</property>
</revision>
</objectnode>
<!-- /users/john represents an authenticated user -->
<objectnode classname="slideroles.basic.UserRoleImpl"
uri="/users/john">
<revision>
<property name="password">john</property>
</revision>
</objectnode>
<!-- /users/guest represents an authenticated or unauthenticated
guest user -->
<objectnode classname="slideroles.basic.GuestRoleImpl"
uri="/users/guest">
<revision>
<property name="password"></property>
</revision>
</objectnode>
<!-- AHM -->
<objectnode classname="slideroles.basic.RootRoleImpl"
uri="/users/ahm">
<revision>
<property name="password">allfree</property>
</revision>
</objectnode>
</objectnode>
<objectnode classname="org.apache.slide.structure.ActionNode"
uri="/actions">
<objectnode classname="org.apache.slide.structure.ActionNode"
uri="/actions/read"/>
<objectnode classname="org.apache.slide.structure.ActionNode"
uri="/actions/write"/>
<objectnode classname="org.apache.slide.structure.ActionNode"
uri="/actions/manage"/>
</objectnode>
<objectnode classname="org.apache.slide.structure.SubjectNode"
uri="/files">
<!-- ### Give read/write/manage permission to guest ###
Uncomment the following line to give permission to do
all actions on /files to guest (unauthenticated users) -->
<!-- <permission action="/actions" subject="/users/guest"/> -->
<permission action="/actions/manage" subject="/users/john"/>
<permission action="/actions/write" subject="+/users/groupA"/>
<permission action="/actions/read" subject="nobody"/>
</objectnode>
</objectnode>
</data>
</namespace>
</slide>
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