John,
What?? Are you diabetic?
It's called "recharging", Sirius(ly)
;-)
Chris
-------- Original Message --------
Subject: Re: [RCSE] EverReady's Answer to the Lithium 1.5 V Cell
Question
From: John Erickson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Date: Fri, October 27, 2006 3:31 pm
To: Chris Adams <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Soaring List <[email protected]>
Cc: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Chris and Jim,
Will you two please cover the Calvin Cycle next? I sat in on my daughter's
AP Biology class and I swear out of 20 questions on a pre test I got 1
right. Humbling experience when your kids shoot way ahead of your knowledge
level.
Of course she knows very little about downwind turns with a Skeeter.
JE
--
Erickson Architects
John R. Erickson, AIA
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Date: Fri, 27 Oct 2006 14:44:09 -0700
> To: [email protected]
> Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Subject: RE: [RCSE] EverReady's Answer to the Lithium 1.5 V Cell Question
>
> In proper terms, the Lithium ion, Li+, is chelated by the "Organic" compounds.
> Lithium disulfide and Lithium Sulfide are properly termed "Inorganic" unless
> you are from a different planet with alternate element based Life forms (LOL).
> As mentioned below, the propylene carbonate, dioxane, and dimethoxyethane are
> really carriers and do not themselves have a charge. In theory, these
> compounds would not be electrolytes because they themselves are not charged.
> They may be polar, and that characteristic permits them to solubilize polar
> compunds as well as charged ions. The electrodes, e.g. carbon or other
> related metals are just the location where electrons are given up or accepted
> by the oxidation or reduction reactions. It is the combinatin oxidation and
> reduction reaction that gives a cell it's overall potential (voltage). In
> order for Lithium to give up it's electrons the Fe (iron) must accept the
> electron. Only when all the FeS2 is used up, or likewise all the Li available
> releases the electrons will the cell reaction hit an equilibrium and the
> battery be "Used Up". Recharging is the reverse the reaction, however due to
> the content of the cell components, reversal may not be the reverse of the
> electricity generating process. Batteries are made with the electrolytes as a
> "Paste" for a variety of reasons, and ion diffusion in the paste is controlled
> by temperature and hence time. That is why if you leave a battery for a while
> after discharge it seems to come to life again, but not for long. The
> solvents, dioxane, propylen carbonate and dimethoxyethane are used for their
> low toxicity and solubility for dispersion, in water if you are an
> environmental person.
>
> BTW, water, which we say is an electrolyte is both a polar as well as produces
> ions. Within water as a solvent, water dissociates into solublized (H2O
> solvent) H+ (protons, an acid) and OH- ions (hydroxide base) to a large enough
> extent to conduct electricity.
>
> If the reader will consult the URL for Li polymer descriptions, they will see
> the the 3.0+ volt reduction potentials.
>
> As an aside, what we really should be using is room temperature molten salt
> batteries. Their elements and reactions are so flamable that they are
> extremely dangerous. However, due to their extremely high energy density, as
> well as their flamablilty and explosive nature, they are used in relatively
> short duration electronic applications, i. e. cruise missles. When they
> explode the battery itself becomes part of the explosive and flamable
> destructive power. If you think the Li polymer batteries we have explode, you
> should see these electrolytes go up when exposed to air.
>
> Grins!
>
> Chris
>
>
> <SNIP from my previous post URI>
>
> The Lithium-Iron chemistry deserves a separate section because it is one of a
> handful of lithium metal systems that have a 1.5 volt output (others are
> lithium/lead bismuthate, lithium/bismuth trioxide, lithium/copper oxide, and
> lithium/copper sulfide). Recently consumer cells that use the Li/Fe have
> reached the market, including the Energizer. These have advantage of having
> the same voltage as alkaline batteries with much more energy storage capacity,
> so they are called "voltage compatible" lithiums. They are not rechargeable.
> They have about 2.5 times the capacity of an alkaline battery of the same
> size, but only under high current discharge conditions (digital cameras,
> flashlights, motor driven toys, etc.). For small currents they don't have any
> advantage. Another advantage is the low self-discharge rate10 years storage
> is quoted by the manufacturer. The discharge reactions are:
>
> Type Reaction Nominal Voltage Range
> FeS2 Version 2 FeS2 + 4 Li ‹> Fe + 2Li2S 1.6 Volts 1.6-1.4 V
> FeS Version FeS + 2Li ‹> Fe + Li2S 1.5 Volts 1.5-1.2 VBoth Iron sulfide and
> Iron disulfide are used, the FeS2 is used in the Energizer. Electrolytes are
> organic materials such as propylene carbonate, dioxolane and dimethoxyelthane
>
>
>> -------- Original Message --------
>> Subject: [RCSE] EverReady's Answer to the Lithium 1.5 V Cell Question
>> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>> Date: Fri, October 27, 2006 2:05 pm
>> To: [email protected]
>>
>> To confirm my earlier post that lithium was probably a component of the
>> electrolyte and not truly a controlling element of the electrochemical
>> reaction (which determines voltage), I contacted EverReady's help line. They
>> confirmed that the lithium in their AA batteries was part of an "organic
>> lithium based electrolyte, specifically lithium disulfide". There you have
>> it, it is part of the electrolyte, not electrode, thus the conventional
>> electrodes determine the 1.5 V per cell, and the electrolyte just allows the
>> electrodes to last much longer than conventional (more corrosive)
>> electrolytes
>> before it wears out.
>>
>> As a side note, I have used the lithium AA's in a scanner I use for my XC
>> vario. Those batteries clearly outlived anything else I have put in the
>> scanner, by an (estimated) 10 x lifetime of an alkaline. Well worth the
>> extra
>> cost.
>>
>> Keep in mind, these will not be rechargable in the sense that NiCd, NiMH or
>> LiPoly can be recharged to full capacity.
>>
>> Jim Thomas
>
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