So Solr 1.4.1, lucene query parser, generally has no problem with a query that's simply one clause "NOT""

&defType=lucene
&q=NOT foo

No problem! Also no problem:

&q=foo AND NOT bar

But, problem when the operand to an "OR" is a NOT:

&q=foo OR (NOT bar)

Does NOT work correctly.  Can be worked around if you instead do this:

&q=foo OR (*:* AND NOT bar)



So I think 1.4.1 lucene query parsers handling of "pure negative" queries only goes so far, mainly until there's an "OR" involved.

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