bq: I'm actually not using the transaction log (or the NRTCachingDirectoryFactory); it's currently set up to use the MMapDirectoryFactory,
This isn't relevant to whether you're using the update log or not, this is just how the index is handled. Look for something in your solrconfig.xml like: <updateLog> <str name="dir">${solr.ulog.dir:}</str> </updateLog> The other thing to check is if you have files in a "tlog" directory that's a sibling to your index directory as Hoss suggested. You may well NOT have any transaction log, but it's something to check.