Module Name: src
Committed By: christos
Date: Tue Nov 18 01:59:00 UTC 2014
Modified Files:
src/lib/libc/time: Makefile NEWS tz-link.htm
Log Message:
welcome to 2014j
To generate a diff of this commit:
cvs rdiff -u -r1.24 -r1.25 src/lib/libc/time/Makefile
cvs rdiff -u -r1.7 -r1.8 src/lib/libc/time/NEWS
cvs rdiff -u -r1.19 -r1.20 src/lib/libc/time/tz-link.htm
Please note that diffs are not public domain; they are subject to the
copyright notices on the relevant files.
Modified files:
Index: src/lib/libc/time/Makefile
diff -u src/lib/libc/time/Makefile:1.24 src/lib/libc/time/Makefile:1.25
--- src/lib/libc/time/Makefile:1.24 Thu Oct 23 14:45:58 2014
+++ src/lib/libc/time/Makefile Mon Nov 17 20:58:59 2014
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
PACKAGE= tzcode
# Version numbers of the code and data distributions.
-VERSION= 2014i
+VERSION= 2014j
# Email address for bug reports.
BUGEMAIL= t...@iana.org
Index: src/lib/libc/time/NEWS
diff -u src/lib/libc/time/NEWS:1.7 src/lib/libc/time/NEWS:1.8
--- src/lib/libc/time/NEWS:1.7 Thu Oct 23 14:45:58 2014
+++ src/lib/libc/time/NEWS Mon Nov 17 20:58:59 2014
@@ -1,5 +1,36 @@
News for the tz database
+Release 2014j - 2014-11-10 17:37:11 -0800
+
+ Changes affecting current and future time stamps
+
+ Turks & Caicos' switch from US eastern time to UTC-4 year-round
+ did not occur on 2014-11-02 at 02:00. It's currently scheduled
+ for 2015-11-01 at 02:00. (Thanks to Chris Walton.)
+
+ Changes affecting past time stamps
+
+ Many pre-1989 time stamps have been corrected for Asia/Seoul and
+ Asia/Pyongyang, based on sources for the Korean-language Wikipedia
+ entry for time in Korea. (Thanks to Sanghyuk Jung.) Also, no
+ longer guess that Pyongyang mimicked Seoul time after World War II,
+ as this is politically implausible.
+
+ Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed
+ from existing zones only for older time stamps. As usual,
+ these changes affect UTC offsets in pre-1970 time stamps only.
+ Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file.
+ The affected zones are: Africa/Addis_Ababa, Africa/Asmara,
+ Africa/Dar_es_Salaam, Africa/Djibouti, Africa/Kampala,
+ Africa/Mogadishu, Indian/Antananarivo, Indian/Comoro, and
+ Indian/Mayotte.
+
+ Changes affecting commentary
+
+ The commentary is less enthusiastic about Shanks as a source,
+ and is more careful to distinguish UT from UTC.
+
+
Release 2014i - 2014-10-21 22:04:57 -0700
Changes affecting future time stamps
@@ -133,6 +164,7 @@ Release 2014g - 2014-08-28 12:31:23 -070
Turks & Caicos is switching from US eastern time to UTC-4 year-round,
modeled as a switch from EST/EDT to AST on 2014-11-02 at 02:00.
+ [As noted in 2014j, this switch was later delayed.]
Changes affecting past time stamps
Index: src/lib/libc/time/tz-link.htm
diff -u src/lib/libc/time/tz-link.htm:1.19 src/lib/libc/time/tz-link.htm:1.20
--- src/lib/libc/time/tz-link.htm:1.19 Thu Oct 23 14:45:58 2014
+++ src/lib/libc/time/tz-link.htm Mon Nov 17 20:58:59 2014
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
<meta http-equiv="Content-type" content='text/html; charset="UTF-8"'>
<meta name="DC.Creator" content="Eggert, Paul">
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Olson, Arthur David">
-<meta name="DC.Date" content="2014-10-21">
+<meta name="DC.Date" content="2014-11-09">
<meta name="DC.Description"
content="Sources of information about time zones and daylight saving time">
<meta name="DC.Identifier"
@@ -26,10 +26,8 @@ that represent the history of local time
for many representative locations around the globe.
It is updated periodically to reflect changes made by political bodies
to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone";>time zone</a>
-boundaries, <a
-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time";><abbr
-title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</abbr></a> offsets, and
-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving";>daylight-saving</a>
+boundaries and
+<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time";>daylight-saving</a>
rules.
This database (often called <code>zoneinfo</code> or
<code><abbr>tz</abbr></code>)
@@ -38,15 +36,15 @@ including
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/";>the
<abbr title="GNU's Not Unix">GNU</abbr>
C Library</a> (used in
-<a href="http://www.linux.org/";><abbr>GNU</abbr>/Linux</a>),
-<a href="http://www.android.com/";>Android</a>,
-<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Firefox_OS";>Firefox
+<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux";><abbr>GNU</abbr>/Linux</a>),
+<a href="http://www.android.com";>Android</a>,
+<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/Firefox_OS";>Firefox
<abbr title="Operating System">OS</abbr></a>,
-<a href="http://www.freebsd.org/";>Free<abbr
+<a href="https://www.freebsd.org";>Free<abbr
title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</abbr></a>,
-<a href="http://netbsd.org/";>Net<abbr>BSD</abbr></a>,
-<a href="http://openbsd.org/";>Open<abbr>BSD</abbr></a>,
-<a href="http://cygwin.com/";>Cygwin</a>,
+<a href="http://netbsd.org";>Net<abbr>BSD</abbr></a>,
+<a href="http://openbsd.org";>Open<abbr>BSD</abbr></a>,
+<a href="https://cygwin.com";>Cygwin</a>,
<a href="http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/";><abbr
title="DJ's GNU Programming Platform">DJGPP</abbr></a>,
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbian";>Symbian</a>,
@@ -57,15 +55,15 @@ title="Advanced Interactive eXecutive">A
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerry_10";>BlackBerry 10</a>,
<a href="http://www.apple.com/ios/";><abbr
title="iPhone OS">iOS</abbr></a>,
-<a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/";>Microsoft Windows</a>,
-<a href="http://h71000.www7.hp.com/";>Open<abbr
+<a href="http://windows.microsoft.com";>Microsoft Windows</a>,
+<a href="http://h71000.www7.hp.com";>Open<abbr
title="Virtual Memory System">VMS</abbr></a>,
-<a href="http://oracle.com/database";>Oracle Database</a>,
+<a href="https://www.oracle.com/database/index.html";>Oracle Database</a>,
+<a href="http://oracle.com/solaris";>Oracle Solaris</a>, and
<a href="http://www.apple.com/osx/";><abbr title="Operating System Ten">OS
-X</abbr></a>, and
-<a href="http://oracle.com/solaris";>Solaris</a>.</p>
+X</abbr></a>.</p>
<p>
-Each location in the database represents a national region where all
+Each location in the database represents a region where all
clocks keeping local time have agreed since 1970.
Locations are identified by continent or ocean and then by the name of
the location, which is typically the largest city within the region.
@@ -86,6 +84,18 @@ implementation set the <code><abbr>TZ</a
environment variable to the location's full name,
e.g., <code><abbr>TZ</abbr>="America/New_York"</code>.</p>
<p>
+Associated with each region is a history of offsets from
+<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Time";>Universal
+Time</a> (<abbr>UT</abbr>), which is <a
+href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time";>Greenwich Mean
+Time</a> (<abbr>GMT</abbr>) with days beginning at midnight;
+for time stamps after 1960 this is more precisely <a
+href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time";>Coordinated
+Universal Time</a> (<abbr>UTC</abbr>).
+The database also records when daylight saving time was in use,
+along with alphabetic time zone abbreviations such as <abbr>EST</abbr>
+for Eastern Standard Time in the <abbr>US</abbr>.</p>
+<p>
In the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database's
<a href="ftp://ftp.iana.org/tz/releases/";><abbr
title="File Transfer Protocol">FTP</abbr> releases</a>
@@ -120,8 +130,8 @@ of the <a href="http://www.iana.org";>Int
Authority (IANA)</a>.
An <a href="https://github.com/eggert/tz";>unofficial development
repository</a> of the code and data is available
-in <a href="http://git-scm.com/";>Git</a> form
-from <a href="https://github.com/";>GitHub</a>; be careful, as this
+in <a href="http://git-scm.com";>Git</a> form
+from <a href="https://github.com";>GitHub</a>; be careful, as this
repository is less well tested and probably contains more errors.
<p>
The code lets you compile the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source files into
@@ -163,7 +173,7 @@ database's style.</li>
These are listed roughly in ascending order of complexity and fanciness.
</p>
<ul>
-<li><a href="http://time.is/";>Time.is</a> shows locations'
+<li><a href="http://time.is";>Time.is</a> shows locations'
time and zones in a simple format.</li>
<li><a
href="http://twiki.org/cgi-bin/xtra/tzdatepick.html";>Date and Time Gateway</a>
@@ -178,25 +188,25 @@ uses a pulldown menu.</li>
timezone information for all countries</a> displays tables of DST rules.
<li><a href="http://timeanddate.com/worldclock/";>The World Clock –
Time Zones</a> lets you sort zone names and convert times.</li>
-<li><a href="http://permatime.com/";>Permatime</a> generates and views
+<li><a href="http://permatime.com";>Permatime</a> generates and views
links that refer to a particular point in time and can be displayed in
multiple time zones.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.zeitverschiebung.net/en/";>Time Difference</a>
calculates the current time difference between locations.</li>
-<li><a href="http://www.wx-now.com/";>Weather Now</a> lists the weather too.</li>
-<li><a href="http://worldtime.io/";>worldtime.io</a>
+<li><a href="http://www.wx-now.com";>Weather Now</a> lists the weather too.</li>
+<li><a href="http://worldtime.io";>worldtime.io</a>
also contains data about time zone boundaries; it supports queries via place
names and shows location maps.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Network protocols for <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> data</h2>
<ul>
-<li>The <a href="http://www.ietf.org/";>Internet Engineering Task Force</a>'s
-<a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/tzdist/charter/";>Time Zone Data
+<li>The <a href="http://www.ietf.org";>Internet Engineering Task Force</a>'s
+<a href="http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/tzdist/charter/";>Time Zone Data
Distribution Service (tzdist) working group</a> is developing a scalable
protocol for distributing time zone data to clients. It has generated a
a <a href="http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-tzdist-service/";>draft
protocol for transferring time zone data</a> and a <a
-href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-tzdist-caldav-timezone-ref/";>draft
+href="http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-tzdist-caldav-timezone-ref/";>draft
protocol for transferring time zone data by reference</a>. This work is based
on the iCalendar and CalConnect efforts described below.</li>
<li>The <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5545";>
@@ -211,9 +221,9 @@ variant <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/h
title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</abbr></a> format, and a variant
<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7265";>jCal</a>
(Internet <abbr>RFC</abbr> 7265)
-uses <a href="http://www.json.org/";><abbr
+uses <a href="http://www.json.org";><abbr
title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr></a> format.
-<a href="http://calconnect.org/";>CalConnect, The Calendaring and Scheduling
+<a href="http://calconnect.org";>CalConnect, The Calendaring and Scheduling
Consortium</a> is promoting further work in this area. <a
href="http://calconnect.org/publications/icalendartimezoneproblemsandrecommendationsv1.0.pdf";>iCalendar
TIMEZONE Problems and Recommendations</a> offers guidelines and
@@ -256,14 +266,14 @@ and with a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style licens
<li><a
href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/DateTime-TimeZone/";>DateTime::TimeZone</a>
contains a script <code>parse_olson</code> that compiles
-<code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into <a href="http://www.perl.org/";>Perl</a>
+<code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into <a href="http://www.perl.org";>Perl</a>
modules. It is part of the Perl <a
-href="http://datetime.perl.org/";>DateTime Project</a>, which is freely
+href="http://datetime.perl.org";>DateTime Project</a>, which is freely
available under both the <abbr>GPL</abbr> and the Perl Artistic
License. DateTime::TimeZone also contains a script
<code>tests_from_zdump</code> that generates test cases for each clock
transition in the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database.</li>
-<li><a href="http://icu-project.org/";>International Components for
+<li><a href="http://icu-project.org";>International Components for
Unicode (<abbr>ICU</abbr>)</a> contains C/C++ and <a
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_%28programming_language%29";>Java</a>
libraries for internationalization that
@@ -279,7 +289,7 @@ contains a class
<code>org.joda.time.tz.ZoneInfoCompiler</code> that compiles
<code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into a Joda-specific binary format. Joda Time
is freely available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li>
-<li><a href="http://nodatime.org/";>Noda Time – Date and time API for
+<li><a href="http://nodatime.org";>Noda Time – Date and time API for
.NET</a> and <a href="http://www.babiej.demon.nl/Tz4Net/main.htm";>TZ4Net</a>
are similar to Joda Time, but for the .NET framework instead of
Java. They are freely available under the
@@ -289,7 +299,7 @@ and a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license, re
compilers and libraries include:
<ul>
<li><a href="http://momentjs.com/timezone/";>Moment Timezone</a> is a
-plugin for the <a href="http://momentjs.com/";>Moment.js</a> date
+plugin for the <a href="http://momentjs.com";>Moment.js</a> date
manipulation library. It is freely available under
the <abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr>
license.</li>
@@ -297,14 +307,14 @@ license.</li>
<abbr>API</abbr> is upward compatible with standard JavaScript
Dates. It is freely available under the Apache License.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/sproutsocial/walltime-js";>Walltime-js</a>
-translates UTC to local time. It is freely available under the <abbr>MIT</abbr>
-license.</li>
+translates <abbr>UT</abbr> to local time. It is freely available under
+the <abbr>MIT</abbr> license.</li>
</ul>
<li><a href="http://pytz.sourceforge.net";>pytz – World Timezone
Definitions for Python</a> compiles <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into
-<a href="http://python.org/";>Python</a>.
+<a href="https://www.python.org";>Python</a>.
It is freely available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li>
-<li><a href="http://tzinfo.github.io/";>TZInfo –
+<li><a href="http://tzinfo.github.io";>TZInfo –
Ruby Timezone Library</a>
compiles <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into
<a href="http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/";>Ruby</a>.
@@ -316,7 +326,7 @@ library that compiles <code><abbr>tz</ab
zone repository whose format
is either proprietary or an <abbr>XML</abbr>-encoded
representation.</li>
-<li><a href="http://tcl.tk/";>Tcl</a>
+<li><a href="http://tcl.tk";>Tcl</a>
contains a developer-oriented parser that compiles <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code>
source into text files, along with a runtime that can read those
files. Tcl is freely available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style
@@ -334,9 +344,10 @@ This library is freely available under t
<abbr>GNU</abbr> Lesser General Public License
(<abbr title="Lesser General Public License">LGPL</abbr>)</a>,
and is widely used in <abbr>GNU</abbr>/Linux systems.</li>
-<li><a href="http://www.gnome.org/";>GNOME</a>'s Glib has
+<li><a href="http://www.gnome.org";>GNOME</a>'s Glib has
a <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> binary file reader written in C that
-creates a <code>GTimeZone</code> object representing sets of UTC offsets.
+creates a <code>GTimeZone</code> object representing sets
+of <abbr>UT</abbr> offsets.
It is freely available under the <abbr>LGPL</abbr>.</li>
<li><a href="http://bmsi.com/java/#TZ";>ZoneInfo.java</a>
is a <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> binary file reader written in Java.
@@ -366,17 +377,17 @@ available under a BSD-style license.</li
</ul>
<h2>Other <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code>-based time zone software</h2>
<ul>
-<li><a href="http://foxclocks.org/";>FoxClocks</a>
-is an extension for <a href="http://google.com/chrome";>Google
+<li><a href="https://foxclocks.org";>FoxClocks</a>
+is an extension for <a href="http://google.com/chrome/";>Google
Chrome</a> and for <a
-href="http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Toolkit_API";>Mozilla
+href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Tech/Toolkit_API";>Mozilla
Toolkit</a> applications like <a
-href="http://mozilla.com/firefox";>Firefox</a> and <a
-href="http://mozilla.com/thunderbird";>Thunderbird</a>.
+href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new/";>Firefox</a> and <a
+href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/thunderbird/";>Thunderbird</a>.
It displays multiple clocks in the application window, and has a mapping
-interface to <a href="http://earth.google.com/";>Google Earth</a>.
+interface to <a href="http://www.google.com/earth/";>Google Earth</a>.
It is freely available under the <abbr>GPL</abbr>.</li>
-<li><a href="http://golang.org/";>Go programming language</a>
+<li><a href="http://golang.org";>Go programming language</a>
implementations contain a copy of a 32-bit subset of a recent
<code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database in a
Go-specific format.</li>
@@ -398,18 +409,18 @@ the older, proprietary method of Microso
which stores time zone data in the
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Registry";>Windows Registry</a>. The
<a
-href="http://unicode.org/cldr/charts/supplemental/zone_tzid.html";>Zone →
+href="http://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/latest/supplemental/zone_tzid.html";>Zone →
Tzid table</a> or <a
href="http://unicode.org/repos/cldr/trunk/common/supplemental/windowsZones.xml";><abbr>XML</abbr>
file</a> of the <abbr>CLDR</abbr> data maps proprietary zone IDs
to <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> names.
<li><a
-href="http://www.oracle.com/us/technologies/java/overview/index.html";>Oracle
+href="https://www.oracle.com/java/index.html";>Oracle
Java</a> contains a copy of a subset of a recent
<code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database in a
Java-specific format.</li>
-<li><a href="http://kimmo.suominen.com/sw/timezone/";>Time Zone</a> is
-a <a href="http://wordpress.org/";>WordPress</a> plugin. It is freely
+<li><a href="https://kimmo.suominen.com/sw/timezone/";>Time Zone</a> is
+a <a href="https://wordpress.org";>WordPress</a> plugin. It is freely
available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.relativedata.com/time-zone-master";>Time Zone
Master</a> is a Microsoft Windows clock program that can automatically
@@ -432,24 +443,26 @@ href="http://www.astrocom.com/astrology/
for the <abbr>US</abbr></a>, and <a
href="http://www.astrocom.com/astrology/books/international-atlas";>one for
other locations</a>) by <a
-href="http://astrocom.com/";>Astro Computing Services</a>.</li>
-<li><a href="http://www.hp.com/go/hpux/";>HP-UX</a> has a database in
+href="http://astrocom.com";>Astro Computing Services</a>.
+These atlases are extensive but unreliable, as Shanks appears to have
+guessed many <abbr>UT</abbr> offsets and transitions. The atlases cite no
+sources and do not indicate which entries are guesswork.</li>
+<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP-UX";>HP-UX</a> has a database in
its own <code>tztab</code>(4) format.</li>
<li>Microsoft Windows has proprietary data mentioned above.</li>
-<li><a href="http://worldtimeserver.com/";>World Time Server</a>
+<li><a href="http://worldtimeserver.com";>World Time Server</a>
is another time zone database.</li>
<li><a href="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/tzones.html";>World Time Zones</a>
contains data from the Time Service Department of the
<abbr>US</abbr> Naval Observatory.</li>
<li>The <a href="http://www.iata.org/publications/Pages/ssim.aspx";>Standard
Schedules Information Manual</a> of the
-<a href="http://iata.org/";>International Air Transport
-Association</a>
+International Air Transport Association
gives current time zone rules for airports served by commercial aviation.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Maps</h2>
<ul>
-<li>The <a href="https://www.cia.gov/";>United States Central
+<li>The <a href="https://www.cia.gov/index.html";>United States Central
Intelligence Agency (<abbr
title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</abbr>)</a> publishes a <a
href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/ref_maps/physical/pdf/standard_time_zones_of_the_world.pdf";>time
@@ -462,7 +475,7 @@ recent editions.
The pictorial quality is good,
but the maps do not indicate summer time,
and parts of the data are a few years out of date.</li>
-<li><a href="http://worldtimezone.com/";>Current time around the world
+<li><a href="http://worldtimezone.com";>Current time around the world
and standard time zones map of the world</a>
has several fancy time zone maps; it covers Russia particularly well.
The maps' pictorial quality is not quite as good as the
@@ -471,7 +484,7 @@ but the maps are more up to date.</li>
<li><a href="http://poisson.phc.unipi.it/~maggiolo/index.php/2014/01/how-much-is-time-wrong-around-the-world/";>How
much is time wrong around the world?</a> maps the difference between
mean solar and standard time, highlighting areas such as western China
-where the two differ greatly.</li>
+where the two differ greatly. It's a bit out of date, unfortunately.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Time zone boundaries</h2>
<ul>
@@ -483,7 +496,7 @@ sets of <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> reg
maps geographical coordinates to a <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> region.
It is written in Go and is freely available under the Apache License.</li>
<li><a href="http://derickrethans.nl/what-time-is-it.html";>What Time
-is It Here?</a> applies <a href="http://www.mongodb.org/";>MongoDB</a>
+is It Here?</a> applies <a href="http://www.mongodb.org";>MongoDB</a>
geospatial query operators to shapefiles' data.</li>
<li><a href="http://statoids.com/statoids.html";>Administrative
Divisions of Countries ("Statoids")</a> contains lists of
@@ -609,7 +622,7 @@ of Summer time dates</a>.</dd>
href="http://literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5965-7984E.pdf";>The
Science of Timekeeping</a> is a thorough introduction
to the theory and practice of precision timekeeping.</li>
-<li><a href="http://www.ntp.org/";><abbr
+<li><a href="http://www.ntp.org";><abbr
title="Network Time Protocol">NTP</abbr>: The Network
Time Protocol</a>
discusses how to synchronize clocks of
@@ -626,9 +639,8 @@ specifies a <a
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol";><abbr>DHCP</abbr></a>
option for a server to configure
a client's time zone and daylight saving settings automatically.</li>
-<li><a href="http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/GMT.UT.and.the.RGO.html";>A Few
-Facts Concerning <abbr title="Greenwich Mean Time">GMT</abbr>, <abbr
-title="Universal Time">UT</abbr>, and
+<li><a href="http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/GMT.UT.and.the.RGO.html";>A Few Facts
+Concerning <abbr>GMT</abbr>, <abbr>UT</abbr>, and
the <abbr title="Royal Greenwich Observatory">RGO</abbr></a>
answers questions like "What is the
difference between <abbr>GMT</abbr> and <abbr>UTC</abbr>?"</li>
@@ -640,9 +652,9 @@ Times</a> explains more abstruse astrono
<abbr title="Barycentric Dynamic Time">TDB</abbr>.
<a href="http://www.ucolick.org/~sla/leapsecs/timescales.html";>Time
Scales</a> goes into more detail, particularly for historical variants.</li>
-<li>The <a href="http://iau.org/";><abbr
+<li>The <a href="http://iau.org";><abbr
title="International Astronomical Union">IAU</abbr></a>'s <a
-href="http://www.iausofa.org/";><abbr
+href="http://www.iausofa.org";><abbr
title="Standards Of Fundamental Astronomy">SOFA</abbr></a>
collection contains C and <a
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran";>Fortran</a>
@@ -660,7 +672,7 @@ describes Mars Coordinated Time (<abbr
title="Mars Coordinated Time">MTC</abbr>) and the
diverse local time
scales used by each landed mission on Mars.</li>
-<li><a href="http://leapsecond.com/";>LeapSecond.com</a> is
+<li><a href="http://leapsecond.com";>LeapSecond.com</a> is
dedicated not only to leap seconds but to precise time and frequency
in general. It covers the state of the art in amateur timekeeping, and
how the art has progressed over the past few decades.</li>
@@ -671,7 +683,7 @@ Bulletins</a> contains official publicat
Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service, which decides
when leap seconds occur.</li>
<li>The <a
-href="http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/leapsecs";>Leap
+href="https://pairlist6.pair.net/mailman/listinfo/leapsecs";>Leap
Second Discussion List</a> covers <a
href="http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/papers.pdf/gpsworld.november99.pdf";>McCarthy
and Klepczynski's proposal to discontinue leap seconds</a>,
@@ -685,7 +697,7 @@ contentious issue.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Time notation</h2>
<ul>
-<li>The <a href="http://unicode.org/cldr/";>Unicode Common Locale Data
+<li>The <a href="http://cldr.unicode.org";>Unicode Common Locale Data
Repository (<abbr>CLDR</abbr>) Project</a> has localizations for time
zone names, abbreviations, identifiers, and formats. For example, it
contains French translations for "Eastern European Summer Time",
@@ -762,7 +774,7 @@ is called "<abbr>GMT</abbr>".</li>
<li><a href="tz-art.htm">Time and the Arts</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.dmoz.org/Reference/Time/";>Open Directory –
Reference: Time</a></li>
-<li><a href="http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Measurements_and_Units/Time";>Yahoo!
+<li><a href="https://dir.yahoo.com/science/measurements_and_units/time";>Yahoo!
Directory > Science > Measurements and Units > Time</a></li>
</ul>
<hr>
