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------Original message------ From: Pambazuka Editor <[email protected]> To: <[email protected]> Date: Monday, May 7, 2012 3:26:59 PM GMT+0200 Subject: Pambazuka News 583: Links and Resources PAMBAZUKA NEWS 583: LINKS AND RESOURCES The authoritative electronic weekly newsletter and platform for social justice in Africa Pambazuka News is delivered free to you with the support of donations from Friends of Pambazuka. KEEP PAMBAZUKA FREE AND INDEPENDENT! BECOME A FRIEND OF PAMBAZUKA NOW! http://www.pambazuka.org/en/friends.php Follow Pambazuka @pambazuka Pambazuka News (English edition): ISSN 1753-6839 CONTENTS: 1. Announcements, 2. Podcasts & Video, 3. African Union Monitor, 4. Women & gender, 5. Human rights, 6. Refugees & forced migration, 7. Africa labour news, 8. Elections & governance, 9. Corruption, 10. Development, 11. Health & HIV/AIDS, 12. Education, 13. LGBTI, 14. Environment, 15. Land & land rights, 16. Food Justice, 17. Media & freedom of expression, 18. Social welfare, 19. Conflict & emergencies, 20. eNewsletters & mailing lists, 21. Courses, seminars, & workshops, 22. Jobs /\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\ 1 Announcements GLOBAL: MAY 2012 ISSUE OF THE FAHAMU REFUGEE LEGAL AID NEWSLETTER AVAILABLE We are pleased to announce that the May 2012 issue of the Fahamu Refugee Legal Aid Newsletter is now online ( http://frlan.tumblr.com/post/22196505143/may-2012 ) . In this issue: - Pending questions: UNHCR Recommendations regarding the Cessation Clause for Rwandan refugees - Asylum victory on appeal: Immigration Judge placed 'unreasonable expectations' on applicant to demonstrate the motive behind violence against her - UK detaining Sudanese asylum seekers with an aim towards deportation - Understanding psychology can make asylum decisions fairer - EU resolution against human trafficking in the Sinai - Hungarian asylum process condemned by the UNHCR - Thai NGO collecting signatures to petition for a Refugee Act - The Moroccan Arab Spring: Protecting migrants rights in theory and practice - Campaign for access to detention centres in Europe - Engaging with our readers - Refugees in Egypt: Between rights and responsibilities - Publication profile: Migration Information Source Also in this issue: Deportation news; Country of Origin and legal news; Resources; Publications; Vacancies; Courses, conferences and seminars; Calls for papers; Links. As always, we welcome feedback and suggestions. ****** VOLUNTEER COPY EDITORS WANTED Are you an experienced copy editor? Can you work quickly and accurately? Would you be willing to help Pambazuka News by volunteering a little of your time each week? Pambazuka News receives a growing number of articles every week, but we need help with copy-editing. If you think you can help, please get in touch with us - [email protected]. ****** /\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\ 2 Podcasts & Video EGYPT: THE EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION AND NEO-LIBERAL ECONOMICS This newsclip from The Real News Network examines worker protests in Egypt in the context of the European Bank seeking to ratify $1.5 bn in loans to Egypt. 'This isn't investment, it's imperialism!' shouts one protestor. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/podcasts/81940 ****** GLOBAL: AFRICA TODAY ON 'TRAYVON MARTIN IS ALL OF US' In this broadcast, Africa Today talks with Kali Akuno of the United States Human Rights Network on his article 'Trayvon Martin is All of Us' and speaks with Art Curator Thomas Seligman on the 'Central Nigeria Unmasked: Arts of the Benue River Valley' exhibit at the Cantor Arts Center/ Stanford University. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/podcasts/81933 ****** GLOBAL: PALESTINIAN WOMAN DEFIES ISRAELI MILITARY A recently posted YouTube video provides a glimpse of the thriving resistance of the Palestinian people, and the depravity of the Israeli military. In the video, a young Palestinian woman climbs over an Israeli military water cannon, effectively neutralizing the vehicle, while defiantly waving the Palestinian flag atop the water canon. Sadly, the video also shows Israeli occupation forces attacking protesters with pepper spray, aimed directly (and deliberately) into their eyes and from close range. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/podcasts/81943 ****** GLOBAL: THE WORLD ACCORDING TO MONSANTO 'The World According to Monsanto' is a full length documentary about biotech company Monsanto's control over the seed and food chain. It can be viewed through the weblink provided. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/podcasts/81896 ****** GLOBAL: VIDEO DOCUMENTARY 'GLOBAL CRISES, REGIONAL SOLUTIONS' Can regional integration offer a way out of the current economic, climate, food and energy crises? In this video documentary, activists from Asia, Africa, Latin America and Europe argue that regional integration is the only viable response to these crises. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/podcasts/81939 ****** LIBERIA: INTERVIEWS FROM THE TAYLOR CASE SOAS Radio and Pambazuka News broadcast On April 26, former Liberian President Charles Taylor was convicted by the UN-backed Special Court for Sierra Leone on 11 counts of war crimes, crimes against humanity and violations of international law for aiding and abetting rebels from 1996-2002 in Sierra Leone's 11-year civil war. Immediately after the verdict, announced on the eve of Sierra Leone's 51st Independence Day, emotions ranged from excitement to disappointment, showing the complexity of the case. In a special co-production by SOAS Radio and Pambazuka News, our presenter Robtel Pailey was in the Hague, interviewing Brenda Hollis and Stephen Rapp, current and former chief prosecutors of the Special Court for Sierra Leone; Courtenay Griffiths, Taylor's defense attorney; Sharon Taylor, Taylor's daughter; Hawa Momoh and Abu Duffae, Sierra Leoneans who witnessed the verdict with anticipation; and A. Fasu Kanneh, a Liberian resident in the Hague who worked with Taylor in 1980s Liberia. We discuss whether or not Charles Taylor's verdict is an indication of selective justice, as argued by the defense, or a victory for international justice, as argued by the prosecution. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/podcasts/81927 ****** SOUTH AFRICA: EQUAL EDUCATION IN SOUTH AFRICA This hour-long video on the Ndifuna Ukwazi blog contains an interview with Doron Issacs from Equal Education. The video looks at the origins of the organisation. 'The Equal Education approach was to set up youth meetings to get young people to determine what issues were important and what hindered their performance at schools. These evolved into campaigns and activities geared to educating communities and parents on the education system, how to understand their rights and how to work with the education authorities to fix the problems that emerge.' http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/podcasts/81900 ****** /\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\ 3 African Union Monitor MALAWI: MOVES TO BLOCK VISIT BY SUDAN'S WANTED BASHIR Malawi President Joyce Banda has said she had asked the African Union to prevent Sudan's wanted leader Omar Hassan al-Bashir from attending a summit in her country, saying his visit would have 'implications' for the economy. The International Criminal Court (ICC) has issued arrest warrants for Sudan's President Bashir to face charges of masterminding genocide and other war crimes during his nation's Darfur conflict. Malawi angered international donors when it played host to Bashir last year - ICC members countries like Malawi are supposed to arrest people wanted by the global court. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/aumonitor/81898 ****** /\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\ 4 Women & gender EGYPT: MILITARY RELEASES WOMEN DETAINEES, JOURNALISTS Lawyers in Egypt said that the 14 women detained by the military on Friday were released on Sunday after the legal appeal was accepted by the military prosecutor. A total of 15 women were detained on Friday in the forced eviction of the sit-in near the ministry of defense, and military prosecutor ordered 14 of them to be held for 15 days pending investigation. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/wgender/81902 ****** GLOBAL: BIRTHING JUSTICE, RECLAIMING LAND IN HONDURAS The 'Birthing Justice: Women Creating Economic and Social Alternatives' series features twelve alternative social and economic models which expand the possibilities for justice, equity, and strong community. They are based in the US, Asia, Africa, Europe, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Some are national-level, some global-level. Some are propelled by people's movements, some forced or adopted into government policy. In first-hand narratives, women describe their role in having created the models and show us their unique perspectives and challenges in the movements. The fifth narrative focuses on land occupations in Honduras. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/wgender/81944 ****** KENYA: HOW BEADS ARE USED TO 'BOOK' SAMBURU GIRLS INTO SEXUAL RELATIONSHIPS Beading is a practice in the Samburu indigenous community of Kenya which involves the sexual engagement and exploitation of girls as young as nine years old by male relatives. Download the newsletter by Kenyan organisation Samburu Women for Education and Development Programme (SWEEDO) to find out more. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/wgender/81890 ****** UGANDA: A PASSIONATE HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVIST Profile on Sylvia Tamale Sylvia Tamale chooses to raise her voice on issues like the right of sex workers to earn a living, the right for adults to enjoy adult entertainment and leisure like ebimansulo (striptease shows), and the recognition of human rights for marginalised groups such as sexual minorities and refugees, addressing the injustices in the law. Her arguments? That as long as these minorities' activities do not infringe on the freedoms and rights of others, they should be granted their right to freely do as they please. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/wgender/81938 ****** /\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\ 5 Human rights BURUNDI: EFFORT TO BLOCK A REPORT ABOUT POLITICAL KILLINGS The Burundian Interior Minister ordered Human Rights Watch to cancel a news conference in the capital, Bujumbura, on May 2, 2012, that was planned to release a report on political violence in Burundi, Human Rights Watch said. The police also ordered Human Rights Watch to stop distribution of the report in Burundi. The Human Rights Watch report documents the rise of political killings in Burundi from late 2010 to late 2011. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/rights/81894 ****** GLOBAL: HUMAN RIGHTS IMPACTS OF OIL POLLUTION This portal impartially presents the human rights impacts of oil pollution, from all sides. What are the victims, advocates, companies and commentators saying? Are the abuses continuing? Are past abuses being addressed? Are steps being taken to prevent further spills? Do victims have effective remedies? What is the latest news about lawsuits and compensation claims? The portal's purpose is to keep an ongoing focus on these important issues, and to provide a platform to reflect the continuing public debate. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/rights/81888 ****** KENYA: RIGHTS GROUPS OPPOSE MOVE TO SIDELINE ICC Rights groups in Kenya have warned of a potential miscarriage of justice after the government moved to have the cases of four people charged with crimes against humanity by the International Criminal Court (ICC) transferred to a region tribunal which has no experience in handling such crimes. Two of the suspects, Deputy Prime Minister Uhuru Kenyatta and former higher education minister William Ruto, are likely candidates in a forthcoming presidential election. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/rights/81923 ****** LIBERIA: TAYLOR NAMES LAWYER TO LEAD HIS APPEAL CASE Former Liberian President and war crimes convict Charles Taylor has picked Morris Anyah as his appeals counsel. The announcement came ahead of the sentencing hearing slated for May 16, to be followed by the sentencing judgement later on May 30. Anyah has since 2007 served as co-counsel on the Taylor Defence team. The African-American legal expert is an international legal expert, who also cross examined the actress Naomi Campbell over 'blood diamonds' at The Hague where the model acknowledged receiving 'dirty looking stones'. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/rights/81909 ****** MOROCCO: REFORMS WELCOMED BY HUMAN RIGHTS BODY The Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network (EMHRN) has called upon the European Union (EU) to continue to monitor the constitutional reforms that have recently taken place in Morocco. 'The EMHRN is pleased to note that the reforms include the recognition of a multifaceted Moroccan identity and the return of legislative power to the Parliament. While the Network also welcomes the inclusion of the principles of gender parity and the primacy of international law over domestic laws, it wishes to draw attention to the fact that the recognition of these principles remains subject to interpretation,' the organisation said in a statement. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/rights/81811 ****** TUNISIA: DEMONSTRATORS SUPPORT PALESTINIANS HELD IN ISRAELI PRISONS Tunisian demonstrators have gathered in the capital, Tunis, to express solidarity with Palestinian prisoners held in Israeli jails, Press TV reports. Demonstrators gathered on the major Habib Bourguiba Avenue in the capital on Saturday. The event was organized by a group of Tunisian activists who had gone on a 24-hour hunger strike in support of Palestinian prisoners before the demonstration on Saturday. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/rights/81891 ****** WESTERN SAHARA: UN OFFICIALS BLAME FRANCE FOR BAN'S WHITEWASH OF RESTRICTIONS When the Western Sahara report of UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon was watered down this year, from an April 6 to an April 11 'final' version, the first questions were directed at Morocco. But on April 16 a senior Ban administration official told Inner City Press the larger hypocrisy is France's, and sell-out of the UN is by Herve Ladsous, the fourth Frenchman in a row to run the UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO). http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/rights/81946 ****** /\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\ 6 Refugees & forced migration AFRICA: ASYLUM PROCEDURES IN ISRAEL A new asylum seeker process has been established in Israel, but a new report from The Hotline for Migrant Workers notes in it's conclusion that the picture emerging from the analysis of the new system 'is bleak'. 'It would seem that a system that was established not with the declared goal of providing protection to refugees, but rather with the intent of enabling the deportation of as many people as possible as quickly as possible, is a system that is bound to be unfair and degrading.' http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/refugees/81911 ****** DRC: CONGOLESE REFUGEES FLEE FIGHTING INTO RWANDA Renewed heavy fighting in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo's (DRC) North Kivu Province has pushed some 3,000 Congolese refugees into northern Rwanda where they are in need of humanitarian assistance, says a senior UN official. 'The situation is worsening since humanitarian volunteers are now overwhelmed by the influx of Congolese refugees who are arriving in Rwanda,' Neimah Warsame, the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) representative in Rwanda, told reporters on 3 May. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/refugees/81924 ****** KENYA: INVESTIGATE SECURITY FORCE ABUSES AGAINST ETHNIC SOMALIS The Kenyan security forces have committed widespread human rights abuses against ethnic Somalis with total impunity, Human Rights Watch said in a report. Between November 2011 and March 2012, Kenyan police and soldiers arbitrarily arrested and mistreated Kenyan citizens and Somali refugees in North Eastern province in response to attacks by militants suspected of links to Somalia's Islamist armed movement al-Shabaab. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/refugees/81892 ****** SAHEL: AID EFFORTS UNDER STRAIN AS REFUGEES NUMBERS MOUNT Sahelian governments and local and international aid groups are struggling to cope with both the continual arrivals of people fleeing the regions of Gao, Timbuktu and Kidal in northern Mali, and the mounting number of hungry people across the region as the lean season gets underway. Altogether some 284,000 Malians have fled the north according to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, 107,000 of them thought to be displaced within Mali; 177,000 in neighbouring countries. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/refugees/81922 ****** SOUTH SUDAN: THE RIGHT TO NATIONALITY AND THE SECESSION OF SOUTH SUDAN In January 2011, after years of civil war, the people of South Sudan voted overwhelmingly for separation from the Republic of Sudan. As part of the process of separation of the two states, people of South Sudanese origin who are habitually resident (in some cases for many decades) in what remains the Republic of Sudan are being stripped of their Sudanese nationality and livelihoods. This is happening irrespective of the relative strength of their connections to either state, and their views on which state they would wish to belong to. This summary of a forthcoming detailed legal commentary from the Open Society Initiative for East Africa (OSIEA) and AfriMAP looks at the issues created by the respective nationality laws of the two Sudans. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/refugees/81907 ****** /\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\ 7 Africa labour news GHANA: 'BOOMING ECONOMY WITHOUT JOBS' The Secretary General of the Trade Union Congress-Ghana (TUC), Brother Kofi Asamoah, has regretted that despite the laudable economic achievements made by Ghana in recent times, the fact remains that joblessness is on the ascendency in the country. 'The reality is that the unprecedented growth rate has failed to create decent jobs for Ghanaians.' http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/labour/81830 ****** NIGERIA: LABOUR THREATENS STRIKES OVER FUEL SUBSIDY Labour on May Day threatened to mobilise Nigerians for another street protest if the Federal Government fails to implement the report of the Farouk Lawan-led committee on the probe of the fuel subsidy. The President of the Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC), Abdulwaheed Omar, who issued the threat in his goodwill message to the May Day celebration in Ibadan, Oyo State, also accused the government of an alleged plans to outlaw strikes. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/labour/81806 ****** SIERRA LEONE: WORKER RIOT AT AFRICAN MINERALS' MINE TURNS DEADLY Two days of rioting over pay by workers from African Minerals' Sierra Leone mine left one woman dead and at least six injured in April, witnesses and medical staff said. African Minerals made its first trial shipment of ore from Tonkolili mine in November last year. Shipments from the mine are due to help Sierra Leone to what the IMF estimates at 35.9 per cent growth this year, one of the highest rates in the world. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/labour/81801 ****** SWAZILAND: TRADE UNIONISTS BEATEN Two trade unionists in Swaziland were arrested and beaten by police at a May Day rally. They were arrested because they were holding a banner with markings of the Trade Union Congress of Swaziland (TUCOSWA), a labour organisation that is not recognised by the Swazi Government. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/labour/81805 ****** /\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\ 8 Elections & governance GUINEA-BISSAU: EU SLAPS SANCTIONS ON COUP LEADERS The European Union has slapped an assets freeze and travel ban on six coup leaders in Guinea-Bissau. It said a ban on entering the EU and the assets freeze targeted "six persons that threaten the peace, security and stability of Guinea-Bissau. Their names will be listed in the EU Official Journal on May 4. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/elections/81947 ****** MALAWI: BANDA TALKS OF THE FOILED COUP AND PUTS WOMEN'S RIGHTS AT CENTRE OF NEW PRESIDENCY The Guardian reports that for 48 turbulent hours she was the victim of a conspiracy that left the future of Malawi hanging in the balance. Then Joyce Banda made a critical phone call to the head of the army, asking if she could rely on his support. He said yes. And at that moment her place in history was assured. In the interview, she revealed the inside story of how Mutharika's sudden death pushed Malawi to the precipice of a coup. By 6 April, the news had spread worldwide yet there was still no official confirmation inside Malawi itself. The cabinet met secretly in an attempt to thwart Banda and install Mutharika's brother, Peter, as acting president. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/elections/81802 ****** MALAWI: POSSIBLE INVESTIGATION INTO COUP PLOT The Malawi Law Society convened a meeting where among others they discussed attempts by former ruling DPP ministers to prevent Joyce Banda from taking over power after President Mutharika's death. Speaking at a press briefing in Lilongwe President Joyce Banda also hinted that she wants an investigation into attempts by some DPP ministers to prevent her from ascending to the highest office in the country. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/elections/81897 ****** SOUTH AFRICA: COSATU CONTINUES FIGHT AGAINST E-TOLLING The Congress of South African Trade Unions (Cosatu) will continue its fight against the e-tolling project until the tolls have 'finally been scrapped', the union federation said. Spokesperson Patrick Craven said in the federation's Workers' Day statement that the postponement of the R20-billion e-toll project was 'a direct product of the workers' power and sacrifices'. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/elections/81800 ****** ZAMBIA: SATA SUSPENDS THREE JUDGES Zambia President Michael Sata has with immediate effect suspended Justices Philip Musonda, Charles Kajimanga and Nigel Mutuna. The President has since appointed a tribunal which will be headed by Justice Lovemore Chipoka of the Malawi High Court to investigate the alleged misbehavior of the three Judges. The terms of reference would be based on the allegations that the trio interfered with a case involving the Post newspapers, Development Bank of Zambia (DBZ and JNC holding limited and Mutembo Nchito. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/elections/81803 ****** /\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\ 9 Corruption TANZANIA: LEADER SACKS MINISTERS AMID CORRUPTION SCANDAL Tanzania's President Jakaya Kikwete has sacked six ministers amid allegations of government corruption. He has been under pressure to deal with the scandal following a report by a body overseeing public finances. The inspector of the government's accounts noted the rampant misuse of funds in at least seven ministries. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/corruption/81916 ****** /\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\ 10 Development GLOBAL: PUBLIC FINANCE FOR PUBLIC SERVICES IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH A concerted funding effort is needed to achieve basic services for all, says this Occasional Paper from the Municipal Services Project (MSP). 'One untapped source for renewed funding of public services is the large pools of public capital accumulating in Public Pension Funds and Sovereign Wealth Funds. At present, they invest heavily in the private sector to maximize returns but under appropriate conditions, such funds could actually realize greater long-term returns from investment in public service provision while avoiding the politically controversial and contradictory practice of using public sector funds to support privatization.' http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/development/81931 ****** GLOBAL: WAS UNCTAD XIII A VICTORY FOR THE SOUTH, OR A DRAW? At UNCTAD XIII recently held in Doha, a united front of the BRICS, the G77 and China, supported by intense NGO lobbying and a highly publicised letter from former senior UNCTAD staff (including several from the Caribbean), successfully resisted efforts by the Global North to retsrict the agency's critical work linking trade, development and the global financial and economic crisis. Was it a victory for the South, or a draw? Visit the page through the link provided for three perspectives on the meeting: - Victory for the South by Deborah James - Draw at Doha by Vijay Prashad - South wins battle for new UNCTAD mandate by Martin Khor. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/development/81930 ****** /\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\ 11 Health & HIV/AIDS EAST AFRICA: REGIONAL HIV BILL PASSED WITHOUT CRIMINALIZATION CLAUSE East Africa's Legislative Assembly has passed a regional HIV/AIDS Bill that seeks to protect the rights of people living with HIV and harmonize regional legislation and policy on the prevention and treatment of HIV. Activists have welcomed the passing of the Bill, which, unlike some of the laws in the region's individual member states, does not criminalize the deliberate transmission of HIV. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/hivaids/81949 ****** UGANDA: CIVIL SOCIETY DEMANDS MORE FUNDING FOR HEALTH, EDUCATION A consortium of civil society organisations are pushing for government reforms in the health and education sectors. Among others they want the percentage of government allocation to the health sector increased to meet the Abuja Declaration target of 15 per cent. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/hivaids/81913 ****** /\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\ 12 Education MOZAMBIQUE: EFFECTIVE DELIVERY OF PUBLIC SERVICES IN THE EDUCATION SECTOR This OSISA and AfriMAP report argues that Mozambique's commitment to providing access to education in a country scared by years of conflict, with an illiteracy rate of 90 per cent in the 1970's, has yielded strong results. However the sector still faces several difficulties that it must tackle urgently if it is to attain the MDG goal on education and gender parity. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/education/81906 ****** /\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\ 13 LGBTI CAMEROON: 'GAY' MAN'S DEPORTATION FROM UK TO CAMEROON HALTED The deportation of a man to Cameroon has been temporarily halted after he refused to board a flight from London to Paris, the BBC has been told. Campaigners say Ediage Valerie Ekwedde's life is at risk, because he is gay, and should not be removed. Mr Ekwedde fears persecution in Cameroon but the UK Border Agency found 'no credible evidence' he was gay. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/lgbti/81915 ****** SOUTH AFRICA: TRADITIONAL LEADERS WANT GAY RIGHTS CUT FROM CONSTITUTION The National House of Traditional Leaders wants to remove a clause from the Constitution which protects people from being discriminated against because of their sexual orientation. City Press reported on Sunday that the organisation was responding to an annual invitation by Parliament's constitutional review committee to submit suggestions for Constitutional amendments. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/lgbti/81904 ****** /\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\ 14 Environment AFRICA: AFRICA'S VANISHING LAKE CHAD As you approach the Lake Chad basin from Maiduguri, in northeastern Nigeria, the atmosphere of despair is telling. The air is dusty, the wind is fierce and unrelenting, the plants are wilting and the earth is turning into sand dunes. The sparse vegetation is occasionally broken by withered trees and shrubs. The lives of herders, fisherfolk and farmers are teetering on the edge as the lake dries up before their eyes. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has called the situation an 'ecological catastrophe', predicting that the lake could disappear this century. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/environment/81926 ****** GLOBAL: JAPAN SHUTS DOWN NUCLEAR POWER Thousands of Japanese marched to celebrate the switching off of the last of their nation's 50 nuclear reactors Saturday, waving banners shaped as giant fish that have become a potent anti-nuclear symbol. Japan will be without electricity from nuclear power for the first time in four decades when the reactor at Tomari nuclear plant on the northern island of Hokkaido goes offline for routine maintenance. After last year's March 11 quake and tsunami set off meltdowns at the Fukushima Dai-ichi plant, no reactor halted for checkups has been restarted amid public worries about the safety of nuclear technology. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/environment/81928 ****** GLOBAL: WORLDWIDE APPEAL OVER FUKUSHIMA NUCLEAR CRISIS Japanese organisations have asked for support in their appeal to Prime Minister of Japan Yoshihiko Noda and UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon concerning the Fukushima Daiichi Unit 4 spent nuclear fuel pool. 'It is clearly evident that Fukushima Daiichi Unit 4 spent nuclear fuel pool is no longer a Japanese issue but an international issue with potentially serious consequences. Therefore, it is imperative for the Japanese government and the international community to work together on this crisis before it becomes too late. We are appealing to the United Nations to help Japan and the planet in order to prevent the irreversible consequences of a catastrophe that could affect generations to come.' http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/environment/81932 ****** /\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\ 15 Land & land rights AFRICA: 'ZOMBIE' CHINESE LAND GRABS IN AFRICA RISE AGAIN IN NEW DATABASE Last week, a new Land Matrix 'land grab' database was released at a big World Bank conference on land. On paper, says one academic, they have a strong methodology and very strict criteria about projects that are to be included, but some projects involved China are listed even though they were exaggerated or never came to fruition. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/land/81918 ****** AFRICA: ORGANIC FARMER DOUBLES HIS INCOME Farm Radio Weekly has a story about Michael Gitau, one of 5,000 members of the Central Organic Farmers and Consumer Organization who has been growing organically for six years. He is happy that he now makes double the income he used to as a conventional farmer. In a second story, Selinah Mncwango from South Africa is a farmer who treasures the seeds that have been handed down to her from generation to generation. But she worries that the South African government is taking steps which may deprive her and other South African farmers of their seed heritage. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/land/81807 ****** ETHIOPIA: HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS AND DETERIORATING SECURITY THREATEN INDIGENOUS PEOPLES In response to the Saturday 28 April 2012 attack on the camp of Pakistani nationals who were advising Ethiopian multi millionaire, Sheik Al Moudi on rice production and irrigation for his 10,000 hectare Saudi Star rice project in Gambela region, the Ethiopian government quickly confirmed the attack but gave an inaccurate account of events, according to the Anywaa Survival Organisation (ASO), a non-profit organisation that believes in a world of social justice and of environmentally sensitive development that recognises and respects the rights of indigenous peoples to actively participate in and enjoy the benefits of development in their own territories without prejudice. 'Despite the government's claim that the suspected assailant are under custody (Gunmen kill one Pakistani, four Ethiopians: official), our local sources indicate that those suffering in the hands of the army are innocent indigenous civilians employed by Saudi Star to safeguard and protect the company's employees and properties.' http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/land/81917 ****** GLOBAL: NEW REPORT ON MOBILIZATION AGAINST LAND GRABBING The National Coordination of Peasant Organizations (CNOP) of Mali and La Via Campesina have published a new report on the mobilization of social movements against land grabbing. Land grabs jeopardize food sovereignty and threaten sustainable family farming and peasants everywhere in the world. The document stems from the first international peasant and farmer conference against land grabbing, held at the Nyeleni site in Selingue in Mali, from 17 to 19 November 2011. The gathering included about 250 participants, principally women and men of rural and peasant origin, from 40 mainly African countries. It witnessed numerous testimonies by populations that had been ousted from their land by foreign investors who have set up vast monocultures for the export of foodstuffs or agrofuels. In most cases the populations are neither informed nor compensated. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/land/81948 ****** UGANDA: APOLOGISE OR FACE CLOSURE, GOVERNMENT TELLS UGANDA LAND ALLIANCE The price for Uganda Land Alliance's (ULA) investigations into cases of land grabbing has been set-so high that once paid, it will become extremely risky for anyone attempting to question the vices of land grabbing and forceful evictions of innocent citizens. Government has given ULA two weeks within which to among other stern conditions; provide evidence of land grabbing or else have her permit revoked; and to make an apology to the President and government ministries. The above conditions were contained in a damning 19-page investigation report on the works of ULA, produced by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/land/81919 ****** UGANDA: LAND ROW OVER OIL EXPLORATION AREAS A stand-off between central government and a policy advocacy group, the Uganda Land Alliance (ULA), has alarmed national level civil society organisations but seems not to have affected work by grassroots organisations in oil exploration areas. According to a public statement by the ULA, the Minister for Internal Affairs, Hillary Onek, has demanded that the Alliance withdraw a report on 'land grabbing' and apologise to the government for bringing Uganda into international disrepute. Onek, the Alliance says, has threatened the group with closure if they fail to meet these conditions. The controversial report, co-published in September 2011 by the Alliance and the international development and campaigning NGO, Oxfam, alleged that the National Forestry Authority evicted some 20,000 people from farmland in Mubende and Kiboga districts, in order to award a concession to the UK-based New Forest Company. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/land/81895 ****** UGANDA: STATE BODIES ACCUSED OF LAND GRABBING When President Museveni signed the controversial Land Amendment Bill into law protection from illegal eviction was guaranteed. However, participants debating the issue of land grabbing in a public policy symposium in Kampala last week, cited state house, police, the lands ministry, investors and government officials among the key drivers of land disputes and illegal evictions. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/land/81912 ****** /\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\ 16 Food Justice GLOBAL: SUPPORT 'TAKE THE FLOUR BACK' As media interest mounts around a GM wheat trial taking place at Rothamsted Research Institute, the Gaia Foundation and partners African Biodiversity Network have voiced support of the challenge being led by campaign group Take the Flour Back. Later this month they will be launching the film 'Seeds of Freedom', a 30-minute documentary exploring the corporate takeover of seed, and the impact that this is having on communities across the world. Visit the webpage to find out more. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/food/81937 ****** GLOBAL: TOP 10 FOOD TRAILBLAZERS Who are the people behind grassroots movements, farming unions, groundbreaking research and government policy that are helping to stave off hunger, boost crop harvests and put more food on tables? AlertNet put this question to dozens of experts and researchers from leading non-governmental organisations and research institutes involved in nutrition and agriculture and have come up with a 'Top 10 food trailblazers' list. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/food/81936 ****** /\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\ 17 Media & freedom of expression AFRICA: GOVERNMENTS OF SOMALIA AND ETHIOPIA SHOULD RESPECT ACHPR RESOLUTIONS The East and Horn of Africa Human Rights Defenders Network has welcomed two resolutions adopted by the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR) raising concerns about the situation of journalists in Somalia and Ethiopia. The 51st Ordinary Session of the ACHPR that took place in Banjul, The Gambia, began on 18th April and concluded 2 May 2012. Members of the East and Horn of Africa Human Rights Defenders Network (EHAHRD-Net) and its secretariat actively participated in the Commission session, as well as the NGO Forum that took place on 14th-16th April. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/media/81886 ****** EGYPT: 18 JOURNALISTS ASSAULTED, INJURED OR ARRESTED IN CAIRO At least 18 journalists have been assaulted, injured, or arrested in the past three days (from 5 May), while covering clashes between protesters and thugs and uniformed military personnel in front of the defense ministry in the neighbourhood of Abbassiya in Cairo. The report comes from the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ). http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/media/81901 ****** EGYPT: ARABIC DIRECTORY FOR SOCIAL MEDIA WEBSITES The Arabic Network for Human Rights Information (ANHRI) and the Tunisian Center for Freedom of the Press have announced a training directory entitled 'Internet and Freedom of Expression'. It is the first Arabic directory containing six of the social media websites and online blogs with an explanation of how to design campaigns over the internet. This was in the occassion of International Day for the freedom of the press in Tunisia. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/media/81905 ****** ERITREA: ERITREA IS WORLD'S MOST CENSORED COUNTRY, SAYS REPORT Eritrea is the world's most censored country, a new analysis by watchdog Committee to Protect Journalists has found, beating out both North Korea and Syria. Equatorial Guinea also makes it on the list of the world's ten most censored countries in the report released ahead of the World Press Freedom Day. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/media/81808 ****** ETHIOPIA: CENSORING OF NEWSPAPERS ORDERED The Ethiopian government has activated a highly restrictive clause which authorises printers to censor the content of newspapers and other publications in the country. The new legal directive forced printers to take the responsibility of the reports or any other contents in any newspaper and other publications. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/media/81810 ****** GHANA: INDECENT LANGUAGE MONITORED AHEAD OF ELECTIONS This report covers the findings of the third week (April 15 to 21, 2012) of monitoring language use on radio under Media Foundation for West Africa's project on: Promoting issues-based and decent language campaigning in Ghana's 2012 elections, funded by STAR-Ghana. For the week under review, indecent expressions were recorded on a total of 14 programmes aired on 11 out of the 31 radio stations being monitored under the project. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/media/81908 ****** GHANA: LANGUAGE USE AHEAD OF ELECTION MONITORED The Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA) has presented the maiden report of its language monitoring project, which is aimed at promoting issues-based and decent language campaigning in this year's elections. The first report was based on monitoring for the first week of April (April 1 to 7, 2012). The report covers findings on the second week of monitoring (April 8 to 14, 2012). In all, monitoring reports were received from 15 out of the 31 selected radio stations that are being monitored under the project. This report is, therefore, based on data gathered from the 15 radio stations, which have been named in the report. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/media/81809 ****** GLOBAL: RIO TO GATHER FREE MEDIA Hundreds of representatives of free media are getting ready to go to Rio de Janeiro, in June 2012, to help to prepare the Peoples' Summit at Rio+20, a parallel event to the UN Conference on sustainable development. They will work to spread the voice of the people gathered at the Summit, who instead of talking about the management of the environment by economic power, will speak about the ways for the environmental and social justice. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/media/81935 ****** SOMALIA: REPORTER SHOT DEAD Gunmen have shot dead a journalist in Somalia - the fifth such killing this year. Farhan Jeemis Abdulle, a reporter for Radio Daljir, was shot by masked men as he left his office in the north-central town of Galkayo, his colleagues say. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/media/81833 ****** SWAZILAND: MEDIA FREEDOM AMONGST THE WORST GLOBALLY Swaziland is at position 168 among 197 nations in the world for media freedom in a survey just published by Freedom House. The kingdom, ruled by King Mswati III, sub-Saharan Africa's last absolute monarch, is at number 40 among 49 countries in Africa. Freedom House concludes that the media in Swaziland is 'not free'. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/media/81899 ****** UGANDA: MEDIA HOUSES IN SELF-CENSORSHIP, SAYS NEW REPORT As Uganda joined the global community in marking World Press Freedom Day, research shows that some media houses in the country have caved in to pressure from the State and no longer report on critical issues affecting the country. Speaking at the release of a report titled: 'Media Liberalisation in Uganda: Threatening Journalists' Rights and Freedom', in Kampala, Mulindwa Mukasa, the executive board chairperson of Human Rights Network for Journalists (HRNJ) said: 'During the Buganda riots, media houses were closed while others were sternly warned to desist from covering the events of the riots. This forced some media houses to lay-off objective journalists and replace them with less critical ones.' http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/media/81831 ****** ZIMBABWE: MINISTER THREATENS PRESS CRACKDOWN ZANU PF's information minister Webster Shamu has threatened a crackdown on the independent media in the country warning that 'the gloves may soon be off'. Shamu was speaking at a Zimbabwe Media Commission (ZMC) function in Harare that was meant to celebrate World Press Freedom Day. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/media/81925 ****** /\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\ 18 Social welfare MADAGASCAR: PEER PRESSURE TO STOP TEEN PREGNANCY Daughters as young as 12 in the villages surrounding Antsohihy, the capital of Sofia Region, in Madagascar's remote, traditional north, often suffer the harmful consequences of falling pregnant and giving birth too young when parents accept zebus (cattle) or cash as a dowry. Nationwide, 3,750 mothers and 16,500 babies die each year during or soon after delivery. Another 75,000 women experience medical problems as a result of childbirth, and an estimated 40 per cent of these women receive insufficient care. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/welfare/81921 ****** MAURITIUS: NEW STUDY ON POVERTY AND EXCLUSION IN AN ETHNICALLY-PLURAL SOCIETY The complex linkages between poverty and ethnicity are explored in the context of Mauritius. The research finds that the causes and patterns of poverty differ according to ethnic group. Economic, political, and social spheres are analysed. The author carried out doctoral field research for fourteen months in Mauritius to collect primary data concerning: ethnic identity, inter-ethnic/religious relations, poverty, exclusion, and marginalisation. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/welfare/81889 ****** NIGERIA: COMMITMENT NEEDED ON LEAD POISONING High-level Nigerian government participation is needed at an upcoming international conference to make progress in ending a lead poisoning epidemic among children in Zamfara State, Human Rights Watch said. The international conference, in Abuja, the capital, on May 9 and 10, 2012, will include representatives from the World Health Organization, bilateral donor agencies and nongovernmental organizations. It will focus on the mass lead poisoning in the northern Nigerian state of Zamfara, one of the worst such crises in modern history. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/welfare/81893 ****** /\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\ 19 Conflict & emergencies EGYPT: AT LEAST 15 DEAD IN CAIRO CLASHES, DOCTOR SAYS An Egyptian doctor volunteering at one of the makeshift hospitals in the Abbassiya district of Cairo assisting the wounded on Wednesday told the al-Dostour newspaper that at least 15 people have been killed in violent clashes that erupted massively on Wednesday morning. According to activists, 'army sponsored thugs' attacked the demonstrators near the ministry of defense on early Wednesday morning, firing live ammunition, Molotov cocktails and rocks at the unarmed protesters. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/conflict/81804 ****** EGYPT: MASSIVE RALLY IN TAHRIR; MORE CLASHES IN ABBASSIYA Egypt has seen a new round of violence this week as clashes broke out between protesters and unidentified aggressors at the Ministry of Defense, leaving over 11 people dead and hundreds injured on Wednesday. The thugs, [called 'beltagia' locally], were wearing civilian clothes and allegedly sponsored by the military, according to protesters. Al-Azhar students, Salafists, Revolutionary Socialists, the Kefaya Movement and the April 6 Youth Movement have all assembled today at the army's headquarters to denounce the violence and demand the military's removal. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/conflict/81903 ****** MALI: ECOWAS FORCE READY FOR MALI IF INVITED A special summit of West African leaders held in Dakar, Senegal, agreed to dispatch a regional force to Mali if the interim government officially makes the request. 'The conference instructed the Economic Community of West African States (Ecowas) to prepare the standby force for immediate deployment as soon as Mali asks for it,' a statement issued at the meeting said. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/conflict/81910 ****** MALI: STRAY BULLETS KILL 14 AS PRO AND ANTI-TOURE FORCES CLASH Fourteen persons, half of them civilians, died in Mali when they were hit by stray bullets following the eruption of violent clashes between troops loyal to the coup plotters and those still supporting the ousted President Toumani Toure, PANA learnt from official sources. In a statement, the Committee for the recovery of democracy and the restoration of the state (CNRDRE), the military junta that ousted Toure in a coup on 22 March, accused 'the intruders' of attacking the Kati barracks, the Malian national broadcaster (ORTM) and the international Bamako-Senou airport with a view to destabilizing the process of returning the country to constitutional order. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/conflict/81832 ****** NIGERIA: DOZENS KILLED IN CATTLE MARKET ATTACK At least 34 people have been killed in an attack on a cattle market in north-eastern Nigeria, security officials have told the BBC. Another 29 people were injured, said Nigerian military spokesman Col Dahiru Abdussalam. The market in Potiskum, Yobe state, was set on fire by gunmen armed with explosives. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/conflict/81834 ****** SUDAN: RIVAL SUDANS AGREE TO AU ROADMAP Sudan has endorsed the African Union's (AU) roadmap to avert an all-out war with South Sudan, though it insisted on retaining the right to self-defence. Earlier, South Sudan said it had accepted the AU's seven-point roadmap that called for a cessation of hostilities. Based on the seven-point roadmap, the two countries have until next Tuesday to restart stalled negotiations and three months to reach an agreement. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/conflict/81920 ****** UGANDA: ARMY DENIES SUPPORTING KHARTOUM REBELS The army has dismissed allegations that Uganda is propping up rebel groups in Sudan. The allegations, which have lately become a staple in mainstream Sudan media is, according to the Uganda government, a deliberate ploy by Khartoum to 'deflect attention from the daunting challenges it is facing.' According to the Sudan government, Uganda is giving assistance to the Justice and Equality Movement rebels who have been engaged in mortal combat with Khartoum for the last 10 years, together with SPLM-N rebels in Unity and South Kordofan areas. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/conflict/81914 ****** UGANDA: BEYOND JUBA Building consensus on sustainable peace The Refugee Law Project, a project of the School of Law, Makerere University, embarked on a countrywide conflict-mapping exercise dubbed: the National Reconciliation and Transitional Justice Audit (NR&TJ Audit) to document all major current and past conflicts and their legacies in Uganda. One of the main objectives was to document from a community perspective all the post-independence armed conflicts in Uganda. Six briefs are now available for their website. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/conflict/81945 ****** /\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\ 20 eNewsletters & mailing lists GLOBAL: PRIVATE MILITARY & SECURITY COMPANIES NEWSLETTER The Private Military & Security Companies (PMSC) newsletter published by http://www.business-humanrights.org contains updates on the impact of these companies on human rights from around the world. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/enewsl/81887 ****** /\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\ 21 Courses, seminars, & workshops SENEGAL: 2012 DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE INSTITUTE http://www.pambazuka.org/images/articles/583/Call_2012_Governance_Institute.pdf The Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA) is pleased to announce the 2012 session of its annual Democratic Governance Institute. It therefore invites researchers to submit their applications for participation in this institute to be held from 23th July to 10th August, 2012 in Dakar, Senegal. ****** UGANDA: SOCIAL MEDICINE COURSE IN UGANDA SocMed invites students to apply for the fourth annual course Beyond the Biologic Basis of Disease: The Social and Economic Causation of Illness, a social medicine immersion experience conducted on-site at Lacor Hospital in Gulu, Uganda from January 7, 2013 to February 1, 2013. This unique immersion course incorporates innovative teaching methodologies to merge teaching of clinical tropical medicine with understanding the socioeconomic, cultural, political, and historical underpinnings of illness. Visit http://www.socmedglobal.org, for more information about the course, its directors and guest lecturers, and SocMed. Questions can be sent to [email protected] ****** /\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\ 22 Jobs OXFAM RESEARCH CONSULTANCIES IN TANZANIA, GHANA AND ZAMBIA Call for applications: Impact of corporate investments in land on rural women http://www.pambazuka.org/images/articles/583/TOR Impact of corporate investments on rural women Tanzania Ghana Zambia.pdf As a member of a small team of country-based researchers, the field researcher will work closely with the research coordinator to deliver timely, fact-based and first-hand experiential findings on the impacts of large-scale land deals on rural women. ****** /\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\/\/\//\ Fahamu - Networks For Social Justice http://www.fahamu.org Pambazuka News is published by Fahamu Ltd. (c) Unless otherwise indicated, all materials published are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported License. For further details see: http://www.pambazuka.org/en/about.php Pambazuka news can be viewed online: English language edition ( http://www.pambazuka.org/en ) Edicao em lingua Portuguesa ( http://www.pambazuka.org/pt ) Edition francaise ( http://www.pambazuka.org/fr ) RSS Feeds available at http://www.pambazuka.org/en/newsfeed.php Pambazuka News is published with the support of a number of funders, details of which can be obtained here ( http://www.pambazuka.org/en/about.php ) . To SUBSCRIBE or UNSUBSCRIBE go to: http://pambazuka.gn.apc.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/pambazuka-news or send a message to [email protected] with the word SUBSCRIBE or UNSUBSCRIBE in the subject line as appropriate. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of Pambazuka News or Fahamu. 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