*Series of assassinations raises risk of escalating violence in South
Sudanese capital in the six-month outlook/ IHS 08.07.16*
Risks: Government instability; Death and Injury; Civil war
Sectors or assets affected: All

Unidentified gunmen shot dead Lieutenant Colonel George Gismala of the
Sudan People's Liberation Army in Opposition (SPLA-IO) in Juba's Kator
district on 2 July. The SPLA-IO claimed that troops loyal to President
Salva Kiir had carried out the killing, although they denied any
involvement, only later admitting having killed an unidentified criminal in
the same area that day. The assassination came amid a series of attacks on
SPLA-IO personnel in Juba in recent weeks, including claims from the
SPLA-IO that First Vice-President Riek Machar's bodyguards had come under
fire from members of the security services under the control of President
Kiir near his Jebel Kujur residence in mid-June. The SPLA-IO called for
restraint among its supporters, while the government says investigations
into the killings are ongoing.
Significance: The latest attack highlights increasingly poor relations
between the SPLA-IO and the SPLM, as well as a deteriorating security
situation in the capital, Juba. The government deployed additional troops
throughout Juba in June and put them on high alert in preparation for
potential retaliatory attacks by the SPLA-IO. As assassinations persist, an
escalation of violence and retaliatory killings of SPLM personalities is
likely. This will result in an unpredictable security situation in Juba,
with the potential for spontaneous outbreaks of violence, exposing
peacekeepers and aid workers to drive-by shootings, accidental gunfire and
attacks. A significant escalation of violence into full-scale war remains
unlikely as both sides seek to be seen to uphold the August 2015 peace
agreement and President Salva Kiir and First Vice-President Riek Machar
look to avoid the imposition of UN sanctions. The repeated failure of the
SPLA-IO and the SPLM to form a joint South Sudan police force, as
stipulated in the peace agreement, will continue to undermine the
restoration of peace, with crime and violence to remain prevalent in the
capital.

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