Linkage between ARCISS’ Abrogation and ‘Dinka Development Plan for 200
Years: A Response to the Jieng Council of Elders’
Sep. 30 Featured, Uncategorized 13 comments
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BY: Dr. Peter Adwok Nyaba, PhD, SEP/30/2016, SSN;
It is a truism that ‘war is better than a bad peace’ and this is
pertinent in the context of South Sudan. The ‘Agreement on the
Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan’ (ARCISS) the
Inter-Governmental Authority on Desertification (IGAD) brokered for
two years, and the parties signed in August 2015, has collapsed
consequent to lack of political will to implement it.
On initialing the peace agreement, President Salva Kiir registered
reservations declaring that the ‘agreement will not be implemented
because it was imposed from outside.’ It took the parties eight months
to form the Transitional Government of National Unity (TGoNU).
Moreover, barely two months into the formation of TGoNU in April 2016,
the ARCISS collapsed plunging the country into another cycle of civil
war.
The current crisis in the country trace back to the political failures
of the SPLM/SPLA as the political-military force that dominated the
politics of South Sudan since the war of national liberation. The
ethnicization of politics shifted the focus to control of power and
resources.
The Jieng Council of Elders (JCE) emerged as the strongest power
broker close to President Salva Kiir, who did not blink at the
political and economic empowerment of the Dinka elite. The eruption of
violence in December 2013, barely two years into the independence of
South Sudan, therefore became inevitable.
The agreement, therefore, was an attempt to reconcile factions of a
class that made zero-sum game the power to control financial and
economic resources of the country. It did not address the fundamental
contradictions the SPLM led Government of South Sudan (GOSS)
precipitated in nearly eleven years of misgovernment that condemned
the people to extreme conditions of poverty and ignorance, making it
easy for the political military elite to manipulate and fragment along
ethnic and regional fault lines.
That the SPLM/A (IO) acquiesced and signed this agreement attributes
to its political and military weaknesses. It prosecuted the war
without clear strategic political and military objectives and did not
build an army capable of confronting the government army.
This explains Salva Kiir’s reluctance to implement the agreement which
makes Dr. Riek Machar the first vice president. It was therefore easy
for President Salva to conspire, exploiting the differences that
emerged within the SPLM/A (IO) leadership, to push Dr. Riek Machar out
of TGoNU and abrogate the peace agreement.
It is possible and indeed necessary to view in that light the events
of July 2016 leading to renewed conflict and subsequent withdrawal of
the SPLM/A (IO) from Juba. The death of the peace agreement ensures
Salva Kiir’s grip on power.
Salva Kiir’s main objectives or rather his raison d’êtré as president
of the Republic of South Sudan is to entrench himself in power, and
through this one-man dictatorship promote Dinka hegemony and
domination over the other sixty-four non-Dinka entities in South
Sudan.
The upsurge of Dinka ethnic nationalism with its ideology of
superiority, because only of their demographic weight, is therefore
one of the driving forces in the civil war.
Touted by the reactionary elements of the Dinka political elite, this
fascist ideology represents negative ethnicity that renders explosive
ethnic multiplicity that constitutes the South Sudan reality.
The objective is to define South Sudan on the parameter of Dinka-ism
and state to be governed according to Dinka culture as proposed by the
Jieng Council of Elders.
The outward aspect of this strategy is the political and economic
empowerment of the Dinka people. In this context, the Jieng Council of
Elders (JCE) and the intellectual think tanks cum research centres:
The Sudd Institute (supported by the Office of the President) and
Ebony Centre (sourced by World Bank and IMF) have emerged as the power
brokers behind Salva Kiir’s presidency.
The Dinka takeover of South Sudan from the Arab-dominated North Sudan,
conceived in the context of the war of national liberation, would not
be completed without the construction of a totalitarian dictatorship.
President Salva Kiir Mayardit has achieved this with the support of
the National Security Service, Military Intelligence, Presidential
Guards, Police, Prisons, Wildlife Forces, Civil Defence, the Judiciary
and the Central Bank of South Sudan, all headed by Dinka nationals.
The control of the army and the security forces becomes important to
intimidate and suppress any resistance to Dinka hegemony. President
Salva Kiir in 2013 transformed into war what essentially was political
contradiction in the SPLM to pre-empt Dr. Riek Machar ascendancy to
the top leadership of the SPLM through a democratic process.
The targeting of ethnic Nuers in Juba was to send a clear message to
the other non-Dinka entities about what would happen to them should
their leaders aspire for the top job in the country.
The JCE is the policy instrument of Dinka nationalism. Comprising
representatives from the Dinka sections and subsections, its mandate
is to lobby for the social, economic and political interests of the
Dinka.
It impresses on President Salva Kiir for Dinka control of the economy
through preferential economic empowerment and sourcing of Dinka
businesses by dishing out lucratively overpriced government contracts
including letters of credit.
Most of the corrupt businesses in South Sudan belong to Dinka
political and military elite close to President Salva Kiir.
They corrupted the business in forex through the Governor of the
Central Bank of South Sudan, whereby the CBOSS gave them free access
to convertible currency at the official rate of 2.9 SSP (South
Sudanese pounds) to the dollar to sell at the parallel market at 18
SSP to the dollar.
They led to floating of the South Sudan Pound came against this policy
with the objective to put out of business the non-Dinka businesses who
had no access to foreign currency issued by the Central Bank of South
Sudan. This eroded the purchasing power of the SSP, which deepened the
economic crisis.
The JCE promotes, without shame, migration of Dinka en masse with
their cattle to settle as communities in non-Dinka areas in Equatoria
and Western Bahr el Ghazal to establish their own traditional
administration. This raised tensions and conflicts with the Acholi,
Madi, Kuku, Kakwa, Moro, Azande, Shilluk, Nuer, and the fertit.
The idea was to have Dinka representation in all the states of South
Sudan especially in traditionally non-Dinka regions.
The Establishment Order 36/2015 creating twenty-eight states
essentially legitimizes the encroachment on and grabbing of ancestral
lands of non-Dinka entities. It awards the Dinka 42% of land area of
South Sudan fulfilling their ambition to access borders of East Africa
and DR Congo.
There is also another disturbing dimension to the land grabbing, and
how it ties up with the emerging Dinka parasitic capitalist class in
the context of commercialized agricultural production.
It is not surprising some South Sudanese (Dinka and Nuer) connected to
global capital and finance institutions have mortgaged much of rich
potential lands in South Sudan and deposited this money in overseas
banks. This is how low these people have gone to purchase real estate
in Australia, America, Arab Gulf and East Africa.
This is double insult: denying social and economic development to our
people by stealing the oil money and at the same time mortgage the
land in order to render landless the masses of our people.
Some of the JCE rent seekers are involved in this scheme to the risk
of fomenting conflict among Jieng sections, which surfaced recently in
Malek in southern Bor area where they wanted to dispossess the
Muonythanh of their ancestral lands.
Against this background, I want to discuss the “JCE Master Plan: Dinka
Development for 200 years” signed by four members of the JCE, namely
Ambrose Riiny Thiik, Joshua Dau Diu, Aldo Ajou Deng, Maker Thiong Maal
and Permena Awieral Aluong and published by SSN (this website) on 14th
September. The authenticity of the document cannot be doubted, the
absence of their signatures notwithstanding.
South Sudanese people have not fragmented along ethnic fault lines as
they are today and one finds intellectuals of the calibres of Justice
Ambrose Riiny Thiik authoring such fascist policy document; one must
really forget about South Sudan we have struggled for nearly six
decades to place on the world map.
I am beginning to reminisce the night in 2004 when the SPLM activists
burnt the House of Nationalities t-shirts. I am also beginning to
understand why the SPLM shunted political education meant to raise the
level of political consciousness among the combatants and the civil
population.
It now confirms in my mind that the SPLM/A was a Dinka power project.
Perhaps Salva Kiir is less sophisticated or has the time now come for
what was mooted silently before during the war of national liberation
to peddle openly, come what may.
The idea of one ethnic community in South Sudan, whatever their
demographic weight, lording it over the sixty-four nationalities for
two hundred years is something only myopic minds can conceive and put
to plan. It is primitive, sadistic and fatalistic to say the least.
It smacks of the outburst of late Dr. Justin Yac Arop, which added to
the flames of ‘kokora’ in early eighties.
It renders impossible ‘unity in diversity,’ which we fought against
the successive Arab dominated Sudanese regimes.
This mindless arrogance has one positive consequence. It has
demonstrated the political and moral bankruptcy of the JCE members on
the one hand while on the other hand, it has united all the other
ethnicities in the relentless struggle to overthrow this kleptocratic
totalitarian regime erected and buttressed by the JCE.
While at that, I call on the progressive minded and patriotic Dinka to
disown and condemn this plan, some elements of which are now being
implemented, like the appointment of Hon. Lino Makana as the speaker
of the National Legislative Assembly to blue print JCE policies. It is
not feasible in the twenty first century.
South Sudan is burning in all its different regions. The cause of this
conflict is the misguided ethnic politics pushed by the JCE.
The social and humanitarian impact of the conflict is staggering. The
social capital, that bounded our people for centuries enabling them to
undertake common struggle against foreign invaders, has been shattered
beyond repairs. It will take political good will and patriotism to
mend it.
What then should be done?
The JCE has imposed its war on the people of South Sudan. The writings
are on the wall for everybody to read. Many people have already
responded and have taken up arms not necessarily in the context of the
SPLM/A (IO) but sui moto.
It is reminiscent of the early days of the first war in the sixties
when students, youth, elderly and even women took to the bush with
whatever was in their hands to fight against injustice, oppression,
domination and exploitation by joining the ranks and file of the
Anya-nya Land Freedom Army.
This time, it is different. The enemy is a local despot surrounded by
his kin and kith purporting to represent the social, economic and
political interests of the Dinka.
The war has a class character and must be fought differently using
ideological and military tools. It is struggle between those who have
looted the resources of the country since 2005 on the one hand and the
masses of our people who have been denied social and economic
development during the eleven years since the CPA.
In this context, the national democratic revolution pops up
imperceptibly. A national democratic revolution with the strategic
objective of constructing a national democratic state in South Sudan
to accommodate all our people.
The national democratic state is to address the current social,
economic and political crisis afflicting South Sudan. It should
address the nationality/ethnicity question wrongly articulated by the
JCE in terms of Jieng hegemony and domination over the other
sixty-four nationalities that populate South Sudan.
This calls for unity of purpose of all the fighting groups around a
common objective of regime change and transforming the lives of our
people.
The correct definition of the problem will facilitate the charting of
a minimum program for achieving the objective. It is the only way to
frustrate, destroy and prevent the implementation of the “JCE Master
Plan: Dinka Development Plan for 200 year”.
Long live the struggle for freedom, justice, fraternity and democracy
Long live the memory of the martyrs
Long live South Sudan
Shame and down to the JCE
Aluta continua
Peter Adwok Nyaba
30 September 2016
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13 Comments
bismark
October 1, 2016 at 2:52 am
Superb!! What an article!! The world must be made to know what is
going on in South Sudan. Having said so the liberation of South Sudan
is solely on our shoulders. Discrimination and injustice has no tribe,
religion or race. Its remedy is essential for the welfare of a
society. Those Dinka who believe in tribal supremacy should change the
course of their journey otherwise it is going to be bad for all of us.
The support they import from Uganda has lifespan. It will not always
be there.
Reply
deng hanbol
October 1, 2016 at 6:17 am
Deng Hanbol,
Dear, Prof.,
you said it all. As a son of Greater Upper Nile, I’m very
confidence that this Barbaric Menace call Dinka will be defeated soon
by our forces. The Naath White army, the Chollo warrior and the Murli
Cobra, are determined to expel Dinka Padang from GreaterUpper Nile to
their ancestral Bar El-Ghazal and there after they (White army,
Agualik and Cobra) will join force with their counterparts namely
Madi, Azadeny, Acolui,Mundari, Kuku, Fajulu, Moroe, and Latuka of
Greater Equatoria as well as Fertit of Western Bar El-Ghazal. The
aforementioned binding forces are great and will brutally crush Pual
Malong and his Dinka militias. No doubt that the IO’s strength now is
its army, and it just needs a new strategy so that to capture the
Greater Upper Nile, devastating Padang Dinka areas, and bringing the
war home to Warrap and Aweil as quickly as possible. I believe that
the IO is poised to inflict a humiliate defeat on Dinka in a short
period of time. The inevitable fall of Dinka kingdom will transformed
the political map of South Sudan. My only concern is that the
Equatorians, and Fertit will not hesitate to implement the law of
Torah, which is an eye for an eye or tooth for tooth against their
ultimate foe.
Reply
Eastern
October 1, 2016 at 9:07 am
Dear Dr. Peter Adwok Nyaba,
I have read your piece to its very end, as is typical of your
writings, I must say this is another master piece.
Many dinka people want to continue attempting to convince others
(although it appears, they have succeeded at convincing the Americans)
that the government in Juba is not for the dinka but for all the
60-plus South Sudanese.
No single dinka has come out on this forum to denounce the
involvement of JCE in the governance of South Sudan. Perhaps the
architect of the JCE, Aldo Ajou Deng Akuey did not see the “blow back”
to the proposed dinka development plan for 200 years when he made this
statement as reported by Radio Tamazuj website:
https://radiotamazuj.org/en/article/dinka-council-elders-warns-disastrous-war-south-sudan
Reply
Ishakho
October 1, 2016 at 9:32 am
Dr Peter Adwok,
You are a bad failure as an intellectual and a politician.Do you
know why? because you lack consistency. i have read all your books ,
and i remembered you asserting that one of your greatest regrets was
to have joined Dr Machar in 1991. You clearly said that he (Machar) is
paranoid about leadership, you said he is visionless, and that he
believes witchcraft.
Now you have again joined him, in fact you are his secretary! Why
would you believe this cheap propaganda as DDP? do you know that
Ambrose Riiny Thiik can sue you?
I have seen videos on internet of Chollo people being forced to
join militias, you now think that you have the army and you can be
considered as a forced! nonsense.
Reply
False Millionaire
October 1, 2016 at 9:35 am
If the notion of intellectualism hadn’t been limited to reading
and writing without critical thinking,it would never have escaped Dr
Nyaba to know that,since the CPA’s first day of life leading to the
independence with the RSS’ government presided over by a dinka
president,there haven’t been schools,health care facilities,roads or
any visible intiatives of development taking place in jieng
homelands.It’s very strange to view this context and yet see Dr Nyaba
permitting himself to believe in the,”DDP”,as something authentic than
false.
But else where he writes:
“It is not surprising some south sudanese(Dinka and Nuer)connected
to global capitals and finacial institutions have mortagaged much of
rich potential lands in south sudan and deposited this money in
overseas banks”.
But why,”Dinka and Nuer”,when Oyei Deng Ajak,Pagan Amum and many
other elites who are neither dinka nor nuer are also part of the
culprits?
It’s impossible to shorten to comment on the irrational human
nature of Dr Nyaba.He was one among the authors of the events of 1991
and the tragic results that followed.One could never believe that he
wasn’t a party to the events of 2013.
He seems to be a desperate power hungery elder and with the
collapse of the last peace,he is now up in a vanwagon named,”national
democratic revolution”.That’s good for him but bad for RSS and the
masses becouse using tribal ill feelings will only divide the masses
even wider than they already are.With his position being such,he
should no longer ignore the reality that he will have to wait for two
hundred years of communal struggles before witnessing any success to
his intentions what ever he calculates them to be.
Reply
Abel Magok
October 1, 2016 at 3:00 pm
Most readers become acquainted with JCE styles of writing messages
they send out and this so called JCE Master Plan: Dinka Development
Plan for 200 years was a mere cheap propaganda and for Dr. Peter Adwok
comes out to believe it, simply tell us a miserable intellectuals
deficit this PhD holder reside in. He was given important ministry for
change in a new country like South Sudan, the Higher Education Science
and Technology but did nothing and does not even tell people of South
Sudan just a plan, what he was planning to achieve in the ministry. We
thought a PhD holder like Adwok would at least exercise his mental
capability to distinguish between the whole Dinka tribe and those in
Government and this article is a dream or campaign of uniting sixty
tribe to fight Dinka which will not benefit anyone in South Sudan,
rather taking the country into Somalia way.
Dr. Adwok mentioned that the SPLM/A (IO) acquiesced signed the
agreement was attributed to its political and military weaknesses. It
prosecuted the war without clear strategic political and military
objectives. Why now Adwok criticises (IO) while he was with Dr. Riek
in the bush for almost two years until appointed minister in (TGoNU)
by IO and does not come with a correct strategies for war in (IO)
South Sudan will not see stability before same militias who
stabbed struggle from behind in 1991 diminished. Yes things are not
going well with president Kiir but change to better in South Sudan
will come from someone else not these bunch of 1991 militias.
Reply
oyhath
October 1, 2016 at 8:57 pm
The answer, or call it cure, to tribal domination of all tribes by
one tribe is straight forward: All the other tribes being dominated
need to come together to confront this one monster dictator. Simple
like that. We know the JCE is using Uganda as its ally in its attempt
to achieve its imagined triumph over the people of South Sudan. But
the JCE be reminded that those tactics have been tried elsewhere and
miserably failed. For example, Italy, originally a Hitler’s ally at
the beginning of World War II, quickly surrendered and shifted
allegiance to Allied Forces as the Allied Forces landed overnight in
southern Italy, spelling the beginning of the end of Hitler’s attempt
to dominate Europe. By defeating Hitler and crushingly humiliating
Germany (Germany was divided and occupied by the victorious forces) at
the end of WWII, the Allied Forces proved that there was no place in
Europe for one-man, one- tribe -dictatorship. The 64 South Sudanese
nations(tribes) can and must today prove there is no place in South
Sudan for a one-man, one-tribe dictatorship in South Sudan. The dream
by the JCE to rule South Sudan for 200 years is a fantasy, but, like
Hitler’s fantasy to dominate Europe, it is a fantasy that we must all
come together and unite to defeat.
Reply
Deng
October 2, 2016 at 3:46 am
Dear Dr Peter Nyaba,
I read your article with keen interest for some obvious reasons
and while I have no objection to your article’s main message which is
“correct definition of the problem” among other things I have one
particular paragraph that caught my attention in your article and it
would be great if you can answer my question in regard.
You said in your article and I quote: “That the SPLM/SPLA (IO)
acquiesced and signed this agreement attributes to its political and
military weaknesses. It prosecuted the war without clear strategic
political and military objectives and did not build an army capable of
confronting the government army.” Unquote: My question is, you have
been in the SPLM/SPLA – IO camp since its inception in 2013 and may be
you’re still an influential member of the IO, when did you become
aware of the SPLM/SPLA – IO political & military weaknesses and the
fact that it prosecuted the war without clear strategic political and
military objectives?
Have you ever raised these concerns with – IO top leadership
including its leader, Dr Riek and if so what was the outcome to try to
address those weaknesses in the – IO camp?
Reply
Kokora II
October 2, 2016 at 5:01 am
Abel Magok
I comment you as you alluded: “Yes things are not going well with
president Kiir but change to better in South Sudan will come from
someone else not these bunch of 1991 militias.”
These are the kinds of messages the non-Dinkas would hope to hear
from the new generation regardless who it is. But you need to make it
clear who you meant by ” from someone else”. For sure I am hoping you
are not referring to anyone handpicked by JCE, are you? The best way I
think should come through ballot boxes, in a free and fair elections
without interference of the Dinka monopolized security agents or
militias.
Reply
Toria
October 2, 2016 at 5:09 am
Yajama na
Does anyone knows where is ALEX’s whereabouts? Did he changed his
internet name or he succumb on July 13? I really hope he is still out
there.
Reply
charles.onak kimo
October 2, 2016 at 6:58 am
Dear Dr adwok
thank you very much and appreciate you. Because that was bad plan
for south Sudanese it will divide south Sudan country into three
countries.
Regards
Reply
Hoiloom
October 2, 2016 at 9:43 am
Abel and the likes of Dinka diehards,
Instead of abusing Dr. Nyaba for pointing out the truth about JCE
and Dinka in general to rule or misrule RSS for 200 years you should
be condemning the government for using state resources to kill non
Dinka in the country. For God sake it’s less than three months since
your Anyoor boys attacked Terrain hotel, raped and loot expatriates
including US citizens and kill a local journalist by the name Gatluak
and we did not see any Dinka condemning the act. Non Dinka women
cannot venture out of UNMISS to buy food for their children without
being gang raped. This is indeed going to be a long long nasty war, do
not celebrate yet. If the report is made up why then has your JCE not
come out strongly to deny its authentic when it has been in
circulation for more than three weeks? Thanks to Dr. Nyaba for always
standing up to the bully.
Hoiloom
Reply
Bentiu Ramaran
October 2, 2016 at 12:30 pm
Abel,
Yes, you put it correctly South Sudan will never be out of war
because the JCE with the most foolish leader have been trying to cut
off separatists, founders of self determination and the most
visionaries leaders from the government. Dinka’ tribal leader Kiir and
JCE do not know how to run the government, how to lead, how to rule,
and they even break the law that they have written 100 times a day
seven days a week. How do you expect South Sudan to be stabled when
the dogs and rats are in power looting and killings innocent people
day and night?
See how prominent member Dinka of Council of Elders “AIdo Ajou
Deng Akuey” talked ill about Equatorians by clicking the link below:
https://radiotamazuj.org/en/article/dinka-council-elders-warns-disastrous-war-south-sudan
Aldo Ajou Deng Akuey did not even pay respect to Bari yes vice
president who serves Dinka’s interest with dignity and respect. Aldo
talked ill openly about Bari while the Vice President Mr. Yes is a
Bari.
And Dinka Kiir would not say anything about this xenophobic
behavior of his tribal politicians.
Reply
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