American Fire Sprinkler Association [http://www.firesprinkler.org/]
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AFSA Technical Update
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A newsletter dealing with codes and other technical issues

July 17, 2014
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Standpipe Calculations

"I have a Class I manual standpipe.  Where is the 500, 750 or 1000 gpm applied?"

We have reviewed NFPA 13, 2013 edition as the applicable standard.  Our informal
 interpretation is that 100 psi at 500 gpm is the demand at the most remote 
standpipe
and the calculations include the friction loss through the hose valve.

The hydraulic calculations and pipe sizes for each standpipe shall be based on 
providing
250 gpm at the two hydraulically most remote hose connections on the standpipe 
and
at the topmost outlet of each of the other standpipes according to Section 
7.10.1.2.1,
at the minimum residual pressure required by Section 7.8 which is 100 psi.  Up 
to
the 2007 edition, an additional 2.5-in. hose connection was required to be 
provided
at the hydraulically most remote portion of a Class I system to facilitate 
testing
in Section 7.3.2.2.  One outlet could not be expected to flow 500 gallons per 
minute
so two outlets are necessary to flow 250 gpm each to obtain the required flow.  
There were changes to this in the 2010 edition that eliminated the wording for 
Section
7.3.2.2.  Thus, the standard no longer requires an additional 2.5-in. hose valve
 to facilitate testing.  The additional hose valve can be used from the floor 
below.
 The additional hose valve can still be added for convenience.  Also, note that 
a clarification was added in A.7.3.2 that states, "Only one standpipe is 
necessary
to serve the roof regardless of the travel distances in 7.3.2.2; it is not the 
intent
to extend each standpipe to the roof level."  It is not the intent of the 
standard
to require each standpipe to penetrate through the roof.  Considering these 
requirements,
the most remote standpipe is sized with a demand of 500 gpm at 100 psi.  This 
size
is applied for the remaining standpipes.  Again, it's not necessary to calculate
 the 500 gpm through a single 2.5-in. hose valve.  What is missed at times 
during
the calculation, the water flow must be taken through the hose valve.  The 
hydraulic
calculation procedure in Section 8.3.1.2 indicates that calculations shall begin
 at the outlet of each hose connection and shall include the friction loss for 
the
hose valve and any connecting piping from the hose valve to the standpipe.  The 
flow must be a minimum of 250 gpm per hose valve at the outlet at a minimum 
pressure
of 100 psi.  Additional standpipes have to be added according to section 
7.10.1.1.3
that indicates a minimum flow rate of 250 gpm per standpipe, with the total not 
to exceed 1250 gpm or 1000 gpm for buildings sprinklered throughout.
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Technical Update is prepared by the Technical Services Dept. of the AFSA: Vice 
President
of Engineering and Technical Services Roland Huggins, a PE registered in fire 
protection
engineering; Phill Brown, a NICET IV certified automatic sprinkler technician 
and
NFPA Certified Fire Protection Specialist (CFPS) and Tom Wellen, a PE registered
 in fire protection engineering. This is provided with the understanding that 
the
AFSA assumes no liability for this opinion or actions taken on it and they are 
not
to be considered the official position of the NFPA or its technical committees.
Copyright 2014, American Fire Sprinkler Association.
All Rights Reserved
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