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American Fire Sprinkler Association
Monday's Technical Update
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A weekly newsletter dealing with codes and other technical issues
December 8, 2014
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Remote Areas With Walls
"Figure A.23.4.4 gives some guidance on setting the remote area but there are no
walls shown. How are remote areas determined for the density/area method when
there
are walls?"
We have reviewed NFPA 13, 2013 edition as the applicable standard. The same
process
is followed per the figure where the walls are ignored. However, walls can also
be used when determining the outer boundary of the remote area.
The NFPA 13 standard offers little explicit guidance on this issue and this can
lead to some confusion. Thus, one needs to consider the intent and apply good
judgment.
There are two requirements to be met. One is to meet or exceed the minimum
remote
area size with any modifiers from Section 11.2.3.2. The other is the remote
area
has to be a relatively rectangle with the longer leg parallel to branch lines
and
measures a minimum 1.2 times the square root of the remote area per Section
23.4.4.1.1.1.
With that said, walls are generally ignored in assigning the location of the
remote
area or the most hydraulically demanding area. This is done predominately for
ease
of application as well as the fact that initially ignoring them presents no
negativeconsequences.
The remote area determines themost hydraulically demanding piping configuration
and not necessarily where the heat will flow and activate sprinklers during an
actual fire. Guidance on setting the remote area is located in Figure A.23.4.4.
This methodology requires more sprinklers on the branch line to be calculated
because it is more hydraulically demanding. This also defines the length of the
remote area parallel to the branch lines. The boundaries for the remote area
are
placed at the midpoint between the sprinklers for both the width and length.
Figure
A.23.4.4 works well for symmetrical layouts and can be a little more difficult
to
apply with varying lengths between the sprinklers. Where the remote area falls
beyond the midpoint between two sprinklers for the length, the area has to be
extended
to include the additional sprinkler(s). Regarding walls, they are typically
shown
on plans. When the remote area is placed on the plan, the remote area boundary
and the wall locations likely won't match. This can create disagreements and
debates
with AHJs. For instance, if the branch line is one foot off a wall, the remote
area boundary is initially shown to extend past that wall to the midpoint of the
sprinklers. The AHJ will likely comment the adjacent branch line (or portion
thereof)
will also have to be included to pick up that additional area. Also, when the
minimum
length extends just beyond a wall, the additional sprinkler on the other side of
that wall would have to be included on the branch line. Thus, walls are
typically
used during layout to define the remote area boundary to avoid this conflict.
The
remote area may have to be extended or reduced to include the coverage area of
sprinklers
within walls provided the minimum remote area distance parallel to the branch
lines
is maintained.
Either methodology discussed would work provided the two requirements of the
standard
are satisfied, minimum area and minimum length parallel to the branch lines.
The
last step in the remote area process is to verify the minimum square footage of
the remote area has been satisfied (actual floor area and not the summation of
the
areas of coverage). If not, additional sprinklers have to be included on the
forth
branch line and should be placed closest to the cross main since that should be
more hydraulically demanding. Keep in mind that heat flow for an actual fire
scenario
is totally ignored regarding walls and their associated openings. An exception
to that would be the room design method.
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Technical Update is prepared by the Technical Services Dept. of the AFSA: Vice
President
of Engineering and Technical Services Roland Huggins, a PE registered in fire
protection
engineering; Phill Brown, a NICET IV certified automatic sprinkler technician
and
NFPA Certified Fire Protection Specialist (CFPS) and Tom Wellen, a PE registered
in fire protection engineering. This is provided with the understanding that
the
AFSA assumes no liability for this opinion or actions taken on it and they are
not
to be considered the official position of the NFPA or its technical committees.
Copyright 2014, American Fire Sprinkler Association.
All Rights Reserved
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