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June 29, 2015
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Water Curtain Hydraulic Calculations
"I'm trying to figure out what Section 11.3.3.3 is requiring. After configuring
and calculating your water curtain remote area, are you required to then add
the
flow from that remote area to your other remote areas and flow them
simultaneously?"
We have reviewed NFPA 13, 2013 edition as the applicable standard. Our informal
interpretation is that multiple hydraulic calculations are required when water
curtains are adjacent to other ceiling sprinklers.
This is a confusing issue since there are different approaches. Section
11.3.3.3
applies when the water curtain is adjacent to the ceiling's design area. This
section
indicates when a single fire can be expected to operate sprinklers within the
water
curtain and within the design area of a hydraulically calculated system, the
water
supply to the water curtain shall be added to the water demand of the hydraulic
calculations and shall be balanced to the calculated area demand. This
arrangement
requires both design areas to be combined and balanced to the higher pressure
similar
to a storage application with in-rack sprinklers. Note that the design areas
used
in the calculations are allowed to use the quick response reduction.
When the ceiling sprinkler most remote design area and the water curtain design
area are not adjacent, Section 11.3.3.4 would apply. This requires one design
area
at the water curtain sprinklers and includes ceiling sprinklers adjacent to that
water curtain. This is to address a single fire that would operate sprinklers
both at the water curtain and the ceiling sprinklers (due to the impact of the
additional
volume of water). The water curtain sprinklers that would be included are those
within the design area of the ceiling system. It is common to run a second
calculation
using the typical design area approach for that floor (area away from the
curtain)
and use that as the template for the design of the floor. So, there's a
calculation
that includes both the ceiling sprinklers and the applicable portion of the
water
curtain and there could be a separate calculation for the hydraulically most
remote
design area for the ceiling sprinklers.
Water curtains are calculated alone only if there are no adjacent ceiling
sprinklers
(like an exterior application). Another possibility could be a vertical opening
with a walkway that is separated by rated construction and the water curtain is
also covering the floor of the walkway (so no ceiling sprinklers). This opens
the unanswered question of whether the curtain is allowed to also protect the
floor.
The answer should be yes since it would not make much sense to add ceiling
sprinklers
when water curtain sprinklers can protect the floor area. When calculating the
water curtain only, Section 11.3.3.2 gives guidance on how many sprinklers to
include
for sizing of the pipe. Water curtains employing automatic sprinklers, the
number
of sprinklers calculated in this water curtain shall be the number in the length
corresponding to the length parallel to the branch lines in the area determined
by 23.4.4.1.1. Again, the quick response reduction for the design area is
permitted.
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Call for Trainers
AFSA continues to grow and evolve in response to the needs of our members. As
training
development continues, we call out to those in our membership 'family'
(contractors,
manufacturers, designers, etc.) who can serve as trainers: either as instructors
or as content developers.
If you, or someone you know, are well versed in any (or all) of the following
areas:
installation, layout, or inspection/testing/maintenance of fire sprinkler
systems,
and want to teach or develop courses, let us hear from you!
Please visit firesprinkler.org/trainers
[http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001CBs3NpnbT0cDUhjaZIXYRCsZyt1eW-6RuhcBDFBa7Z27kmKpeSQwlIqx6k3SeskpHgkiTdzi0nKnMHQRqNsKn24HxwIRZW0JYlV50_2kgUfRyXzQO84UqtYgpb2LDqwqp2H1WNWc_yIa3lkw0uFnLHGGC1uDv47pEgEdtiR8ifdwPNfBjtF-vwzuXENxm1R-&c=hpJ-k7zbTBrdweMUKiV14SNlEvOOHzK3jGmhz04hxf7vjksUHbITVw==&ch=QioOhhmBGBVu7QkEQesP8IEzJg6QSJoL0xfo4Xwr8nzJ7XOfWDA2QQ==]
for more details.
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Technical Update is prepared by the Technical Services Dept. of the AFSA: Vice
President
of Engineering and Technical Services Roland Huggins, a PE registered in fire
protection
engineering; Phill Brown, a NICET IV certified automatic sprinkler technician
and
NFPA Certified Fire Protection Specialist (CFPS) and Tom Wellen, a PE registered
in fire protection engineering. This is provided with the understanding that
the
AFSA assumes no liability for this opinion or actions taken on it and they are
not
to be considered the official position of the NFPA or its technical committees.
Copyright 2015, American Fire Sprinkler Association. All Rights Reserved
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