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September 21, 2015
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External Ice Effects on Fire Systems
"After a thorough 5-year inspection was conducted, checking for proper grade and
all low point drains serviced, a sprinkler head still froze and burst without
damage
to the pipe or fitting. One side of the building actually hangs over a river.
Maintenance personnel have reported ice build up on the pipe and roof trusses.
Are there any studies on the effects of external icing on sprinklers?"
We have reviewed NFPA 25, 2011 edition that you indicated as the applicable
standard.
Our informal interpretation is external ice on sprinkler components may cause
damage.
Ice build-up on sprinklers is not specifically mentioned in NFPA 25 and would be
considered a form of loading on sprinklers but catching it would depend on the
time of year if relying solely on a hired inspection and service provider. The
majority of the information focuses on removing water inside the pipe prior to
freezing
to prevent sprinkler activations or pipe ruptures. Sprinkler components can be
damaged as ice forms and expands. Kerry M. Bell, Principal Engineer for
UL LLC wrote an article for the Asia Pacific Fire Magazine dated April 2015 that
touches on this issue. The article states, "In regard to dry sprinklers
installed
in freezers, it was determined that ice build-up external and internal to the
sprinkler
had the potential to apply excessive stresses to the operating parts." This
article
also references a report titled, A Technical Analysis: The Use and Maintenance
of
Dry Type Sprinklers by James Golinveaux, of Tyco Fire & Building Products. The
two documents acknowledge ice can build-up on sprinklers and may cause stresses
where inadvertent sprinkler activation may occur. The two documents were sent
to
you by separate correspondence. Other than dry-pendent sprinklers in freezers,
the
external build-up of ice on sprinklers has not been previously identified as an
issue. NFPA 25 addresses external ice build-up on components that are exposed
to
the elements (hydrants, tanks, and exterior valves) but so conducting the
typical
inspection would not identify this issue. Owners are responsible for their
systems
and should have flagged it for a separate review.
Technical Update is prepared by the Technical Services Dept. of the AFSA: Vice
President
of Engineering and Technical Services Roland Huggins, a PE registered in fire
protection
engineering; Phill Brown, a NICET IV certified automatic sprinkler technician
and
NFPA Certified Fire Protection Specialist (CFPS) and Tom Wellen, a PE registered
in fire protection engineering. This is provided with the understanding that
the
AFSA assumes no liability for this opinion or actions taken on it and they are
not
to be considered the official position of the NFPA or its technical committees.
Copyright 2015, American Fire Sprinkler Association. All Rights Reserved
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