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October 26, 2015
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NFPA 13R and Exposure Protection
""We have a project where the architect has added a water curtain as exposure
protection
along two exterior walls for the length and width of an apartment building. We
have a NFPA 13R system on the upper floors along with this water curtain in
apartments.
What are the requirements for having to calculate the water curtain exposure
protection
out of NFPA 13R? If the water curtain exposure protection falls back to NFPA
13,
how many sprinkler heads need to be calculated on the water curtain and does it
need to be balanced with the NFPA 13R system?"
We have reviewed the 2013 editions of NFPA 13R and NFPA 13 as the applicable
standards.
Our informal interpretation is that water curtains that qualify as an exposure
protection system are not addressed by NFPA 13R. This would be a property
protection
issue and would be addressed by NFPA 13.
Exposure protection is outside the scope of NFPA 13R. As such, the requirements
of NFPA 13 Section 11.3.2 and Section 23.7 "Exposure Protection" will have to
be
followed. First off, a single water curtain at the top of a multistory building
may not qualify as an exposure protection system. It can be one for no more
than
two stories with a relatively smooth exterior wall (no recesses or protrusions
greater
than 1 inch). The entire wall surface must be wetted which typically requires
multiple
levels of sprinklers. Section 11.3.2.1 will require a minimum of 7 psi at any
sprinkler
and with all sprinklers facing the exposure operating. Section 11.3.2.2 and
Section
23.7 requires that the water supply be capable of supplying both the exposure
system
and the NFPA 13R system. Section 23.7.1 says that exposure protection sprinkler
systems shall be hydraulically calculated using Table 23.7.1 based on severity
of exposure as indicated by a relative classification of guide number or other
approved
source. Section 23.7.2 reiterates that in no case shall compliance with Table
23.7.1
result in a sprinkler discharge pressure below 7 psi. Only half of the flow
from
upright, pendent, and other no directional sprinklers shall be used in
determining
the minimum average application rate over the protected surface according to
Section
23.7.3. This accounts for the water that is discharged into the air away from
the
wall that is being directly wetted. Then in Section 23.7.4, it says that the
water
supply shall be capable of simultaneously supplying the total demand of
sprinklers
along an exposure to a maximum length of 300 ft. Where systems of open
sprinklers
are used, the water supply shall be capable of simultaneously flowing all
sprinklers
that would flow as part of all systems that could be actuated within any 300 ft
length.
Technical Update is prepared by the Technical Services Dept. of the AFSA: Vice
President
of Engineering and Technical Services Roland Huggins, a PE registered in fire
protection
engineering; Phill Brown, a NICET IV certified automatic sprinkler technician
and
NFPA Certified Fire Protection Specialist (CFPS) and Tom Wellen, a PE registered
in fire protection engineering. This is provided with the understanding that
the
AFSA assumes no liability for this opinion or actions taken on it and they are
not
to be considered the official position of the NFPA or its technical committees.
Copyright 2015, American Fire Sprinkler Association. All Rights Reserved
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