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November 16, 2015
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Deflector Placement for Beams with Different Depths
"I have a building with panel construction with beams 9 ft apart and 28 ft long.
It's a long building with a central 21-inch deep beam running the long length
of the building, but offset from the centerline of the room by 2 ft 6 inches.
On
the longer side of the central beam, the structural members are 16-inch deep
beams.
On the other side, they are 14-inch deep beams. Because the central beam is
offset,
my middle line of my proposed grid is close, but not directly under the central
beam. I plan to sprig the heads up for future tenant finish-outs so elevation
isn't
an issue. I'm wondering where I should elevate my deflectors from which set of
beams. Is it acceptable for the center line of the grid to protect both sides
of
the 21-inch beam, but be 2-inches too low for the 14-inch side?"
We have reviewed NFPA 13, 2013 edition as the applicable standard. Our informal
interpretation is that a branch line with sprinklers can protect under both
sides
of the 21-inch beam.
NFPA establishes two types of construction, Obstructed and Unobstructed. The
type
of construction you described is obstructed construction. NFPA uses the term
"panel
construction" in A.3.7.1 (4) as panels formed by beams spaced more than 7-1/2 ft
apart and framed into girders with a maximum of 300 sq. ft. in area. Section
8.6.4.1.2
establishes that under obstructed construction, the sprinkler deflector shall be
located 1 to 6 inches below the structural members and a maximum distance of 22
inches below the ceiling/roof deck. In your application, a 21-inch deep beam
separates
the 14-inch and 16-inch beams to where the sprinkler deflectors are located
within
1 to 6 inches under the 16-inch beam. Although the 14-inch beam is adjacent to
the 21-inch beam and it's within the area of coverage of the sprinklers under
the
16-inch beams, the sprinklers do not have to be placed within 1 to 6 inches of
the
14-inch deep beam. The deflector distance throughout the area of coverage of
the
sprinkler is not as critical as that required for unobstructed construction in
Section
8.6.4.1.1.1. As explained in the Sprinkler Systems Handbook, panel construction
can be considered a version of beam and girder construction. Beam and girder
construction
causes heat from a fire to accumulate within the bays or panels formed by the
supporting
members. As a fire continues to generate heat, the heat flows down the length
of
the members, activating only sprinklers within that bay or panel. Once the
capacity
of the bays or panels is reached, fire gases spill over into the adjacent bays
or
panels and allow sprinklers in other bays and panels to activate. Because of
the
phenomenon, the deflector positioning rules in Chapter 8 provide a degree of
flexibility
in positioning the deflector in relation to the ceiling and the supporting
members.
As such, if a fire is located on the 14-inch beam side, sprinklers will
activate
under those bays or panels. If the fire is not controlled, the heat will
continue
to build up and eventually spill over and activate the sprinklers on the other
side
of the 21-inch deep beam that are under the 16-inch deep beams. For panel
construction,
it's the lower structural member that matters. The main objective of the
sprinkler
system is to keep the upper layer cool, preventing flashover, thus controlling
the
fire.
Technical Update is prepared by the Technical Services Dept. of the AFSA: Vice
President
of Engineering and Technical Services Roland Huggins, a PE registered in fire
protection
engineering; Phill Brown, a NICET IV certified automatic sprinkler technician
and
NFPA Certified Fire Protection Specialist (CFPS) and Tom Wellen, a PE registered
in fire protection engineering. This is provided with the understanding that
the
AFSA assumes no liability for this opinion or actions taken on it and they are
not
to be considered the official position of the NFPA or its technical committees.
Copyright 2015, American Fire Sprinkler Association. All Rights Reserved
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