>From the website http://www.rmunn.com/sqlalchemy-tutorial/tutorial.html.
It's for SQLAlchemy version 0.2.
I have version 0.5.5
I get an error when I execute the code:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "selectdemo.py", line 55, in <module>
s = users.select(users.c.name.in_('Mary', 'Susan'))
TypeError: in_() takes exactly 2 arguments (3 given)
What are the minimum changes to be made to make this code execute
without run time errors.
Here's the entire source, comments and all:
from sqlalchemy import *
# Let's re-use the same database as before
db = create_engine('sqlite:///tutorial.db')
db.echo = True # We want to see the SQL we're creating
metadata = MetaData(db)
metadata.bind = db
# The users table already exists, so no need to redefine it. Just
# load it from the database using the "autoload" feature.
users = Table('users', metadata, autoload=True)
def run(stmt):
rs = stmt.execute()
for row in rs:
print row
# Most WHERE clauses can be constructed via normal comparisons
s = users.select(users.c.name == 'John')
run(s)
s = users.select(users.c.age < 40)
run(s)
# Python keywords like "and", "or", and "not" can't be overloaded, so
# SQLAlchemy uses functions instead
s = users.select(and_(users.c.age < 40, users.c.name != 'Mary'))
run(s)
s = users.select(or_(users.c.age < 40, users.c.name != 'Mary'))
run(s)
s = users.select(not_(users.c.name == 'Susan'))
run(s)
# Or you could use &, | and ~ -- but watch out for priority!
s = users.select((users.c.age < 40) & (users.c.name != 'Mary'))
run(s)
s = users.select((users.c.age < 40) | (users.c.name != 'Mary'))
run(s)
s = users.select(~(users.c.name == 'Susan'))
run(s)
# There's other functions too, such as "like", "startswith",
"endswith"
s = users.select(users.c.name.startswith('M'))
run(s)
s = users.select(users.c.name.like('%a%'))
run(s)
s = users.select(users.c.name.endswith('n'))
run(s)
# The "in" and "between" operations are also available
s = users.select(users.c.age.between(30,39))
run(s)
# Extra underscore after "in" to avoid conflict with Python keyword
s = users.select(users.c.name.in_('Mary', 'Susan'))
run(s)
# If you want to call an SQL function, use "func"
s = users.select(func.substr(users.c.name, 2, 1) == 'a')
run(s)
# You don't have to call select() on a table; it's got a bare form
s = select([users], users.c.name != 'Carl')
run(s)
s = select([users.c.name, users.c.age], users.c.name != 'Carl')
run(s)
# This can be handy for things like count()
s = select([func.count(users.c.user_id)])
run(s)
# Here's how to do count(*)
s = select([func.count("*")], from_obj=[users])
run(s)
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