It should be 

pragma encoding = 'UTF-8';

UTF-8 is a character string, not an identifier.  And yes, due to a longstanding 
bug in SQLite3 you can use identifier quotes around strings -- if the 
identifier quotes do not resolve to an identifier they fallback to a string.  

You can now "turn this bug off" but the turning off does not seem to affect 
usage in most DDL, which will still carry on accepting double-quoted strings in 
most places.

>-----Original Message-----
>From: sqlite-users <[email protected]> On
>Behalf Of Simon Slavin
>Sent: Monday, 23 September, 2019 11:28
>To: SQLite mailing list <[email protected]>
>Subject: [sqlite] Why "UTF-8" and not 'UTF-8' ?
>
>The documentation for PRAGMA includes this command:
>
>PRAGMA encoding = "UTF-8";
>
>Why is it "UTF-8" and not 'UTF-8' ?  Why is it double quotes rather than
>a normally-delimited string ?  Should either of these work ?
>
>PRAGMA encoding = UTF-8;PRAGMA encoding = 'UTF-8'
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