Ing. Sánchez hoy recibí esta información que por cierto no entiendo muy bién
pero le puede servir en sus clases.
Gustavo
________________________________
From: Corey Berman <[email protected]>
To: [email protected]
Sent: Thursday, February 7, 2013 3:08 PM
Subject: Re: [Stoves] Stoves Digest, Vol 30, Issue 7
Hello all,
The creation of PAH in biochar is fairly complex. The Illinois Biochar Group at
UIUC is doing a lot of work in this area, I have been attending their
meetings/presentations for over a year now. John Scott has studied the PAH and
phenol formation under different gasification rates and temperature, air/N2
environment, and post storage conditions. His presentation is attached which
also shows the equipment he uses, there is not a simple "PAH meter" to answer
these questions sufficiently.
Kurt Spokas is also doing a lot of work on biochar with the USDA and running an
ongoing experiment of biochar in active plots. So far he has seen all kinds of
results for different chars and different crops: no significant difference in
yield, increased height and decreased germination in lettuce, lower grain
yields, improved poor soil but unaffected good soil, ect. He makes sure to
emphasize that biochar is highly variable and not completely understood, and
that people are trying to make conclusions about it without actually knowing
what it is or all the underlying mechanisms. Kurt is very straightforward and
scientific in his approach, I recommend looking up some of his work to balance
out the "miracle biochar" claims that are out there. Basically we cannot say if
a certain biochar will be "good" or "bad". It would have to be created
consistently in a well controlled environment and used with a particular crop
in a particular soil with a known response
to get a net positive outcome.
Kinematic viscosity is the diffussivity of momentum. Wikipedia has some ways to
measure it.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity#Viscosity_measurement
In school we measured viscosity by dropping spheres of various material
(delrin, hdpe, steel, chrome) through a tall column of the liquid material.
With the surface friction, shape factor, and mass of sphere known, and the
descent time and distance measured, the viscosity could be calculated.
- Corey Berman
On Thu, Feb 7, 2013 at 2:00 PM, <[email protected]> wrote:
Send Stoves mailing list submissions to
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>Today's Topics:
>
> 1. Re: Characteristics of biochar was Re: [biochar] grassifier &
> cedar chip char (Josh Kearns)
> 2. Re: Characteristics of biochar was Re: [biochar] grassifier &
> cedar chip char (Crispin Pemberton-Pigott)
> 3. Kinematic Viscosity measure of organic waste water question
> (Frank Shields)
> 4. Re: Kinematic Viscosity measure of organic waste water
> question (Crispin Pemberton-Pigott)
> 5. Re: Kinematic Viscosity measure of organic waste water
> question (Frank Shields)
>
>
>---------- Forwarded message ----------
>From: Josh Kearns <[email protected]>
>To: Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <[email protected]>
>Cc:
>Date: Wed, 6 Feb 2013 16:36:57 -0500
>Subject: Re: [Stoves] Characteristics of biochar was Re: [biochar] grassifier
>& cedar chip char
>Crispin (or others) can you clarify this a little more - do the Glaser-Steiner
>wood gasifier and BBQ charcoals test high for PAHs because of post-manufacture
>additives? With BBQ charcoal, that could be lighter fluid, which could be
>naptha (-lene)?
>
>
>Also, they reference an EPA method for PAH determination. Would that involve
>some kind of solvent extraction? If so is it an environmentally relevant
>analytical method? I assume folks have seen this paper:
>
>
>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22321025
>
>
>suggesting leaching of PAHs and dioxins from biochars should not constitute an
>environmental problem.
>
>
>Thoughts?
>
>
>JK
>
>
>
>On Wed, Feb 6, 2013 at 2:35 PM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott
><[email protected]> wrote:
>
>Dear Tom
>>
>>Thanks for that:
>>
>>http://www.bacatec.de/dl/Ge09_Glaser-Steiner_engl.pdf
>>
>>“A further criterion for the quality of biochar is the lack of contamination
>>with both inorganic
>>(e.g. heavy metals) and organic contaminants (e.g. polycyclic aromatic
>>hydrocarbons (PAH),
>>dioxins etc.). In this study, we could only evaluate polycyclic aromatic
>>hydrocarbons (PAH,
>>Fig. 4). Although chars from wood gasification are within the elemental
>>composition and the
>>black carbon thresholds, they exhibit extremely high PAH contents (Fig. 4).
>>Therefore, they
>>are not suited for soil amendmentand thus, they cannot be classified as
>>biochar. Surprisingly
>>high PAH contents were also measured in the barbeque charcoals (Fig. 4) while
>>all other
>>investigated chars had low PAH contents (Fig. 4).”
>>
>>Well, there’s a kick in the head. Why not? Because of chemicals manufactured
>>in the process that were not there in the original fuel. That may explain a
>>lot to some experimenters.
>>
>>RegardsCrispin
>>_______________________________________________
>>Stoves mailing list
>>
>>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
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>>
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>>
>>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:
>>http://www.bioenergylists.org/
>>
>>
>>
>
>
>
>--
>Josh Kearns
>PhD Candidate, Environmental Engineering
>University of Colorado-Boulder
>Visiting Researcher, North Carolina State University
>
>
>Director of Science
>Aqueous Solutions
>http://www.aqsolutions.org/
>
>
>Mobile: 720 989 3959
>Skype: joshkearns
>
>
>
>
>
>---------- Forwarded message ----------
>From: "Crispin Pemberton-Pigott" <[email protected]>
>To: "'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves'" <[email protected]>
>Cc:
>Date: Wed, 6 Feb 2013 16:50:40 -0500
>Subject: Re: [Stoves] Characteristics of biochar was Re: [biochar] grassifier
>& cedar chip char
>
>Dear Josh
>
>I understand that the PAH’s are manufactured from the CHO+H2O in the wood
>fuel.
>
>The right people to comment on the PAH extraction are Philip Lloyd and Frank.
>They measure these things. Philip, don’t you have a PAH meter of some kind?
>
>>…and BBQ charcoals test high for PAHs because of post-manufacture additives?
>Kingsford has 6 ingredients but I am pretty sure that is not the source of the
>PAH content. They are pretty innocuous. Charcoal is not.
>>With BBQ charcoal, that could be lighter fluid, which could be naptha (-lene)?
>That is a possibility if there are ‘rapid lighting’ edges. Jellied petroleum,
>sometimes.
>Regards
>Crispin
>
>
>---------- Forwarded message ----------
>From: "Frank Shields" <[email protected]>
>To: "'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves'" <[email protected]>
>Cc:
>Date: Thu, 7 Feb 2013 10:11:44 -0800
>Subject: [Stoves] Kinematic Viscosity measure of organic waste water question
>
>Dear Stovers,
>
>I have been asked a few time to determine the kinematic viscosity of the
>remaining liquid from a methane production solution.
>These are new words for me and looking at equipment there seem to be many ways
>to determine viscosity and then calculators to convert to kinematic units.
>
>For this matrix and the range needed any suggestions on inexpensive equipment?
>And what is the conversion from distance traveled of a liquid(?) to kinematic
>units? whatever that is.
>
>Just looking into it to see if it’s something we want to do.
>
>Thanks for any help
>
>Frank
>
>
>Frank Shields
>Control Laboratories, Inc.
>42 Hangar Way
>Watsonville, CA 95076
>(831) 724-5422 tel
>(831) 724-3188 fax
>www.biocharlab.com
>
>
>
>
>---------- Forwarded message ----------
>From: "Crispin Pemberton-Pigott" <[email protected]>
>To: "'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves'" <[email protected]>
>Cc:
>Date: Thu, 7 Feb 2013 14:08:22 -0500
>Subject: Re: [Stoves] Kinematic Viscosity measure of organic waste water
>question
>
>Dear Frank
>
>How much of it have you got?
>
>I bet Frans has some solutions.
>
>Regards
>Crispin
>
>
>Dear Stovers,
>
>I have been asked a few time to determine the kinematic viscosity of the
>remaining liquid from a methane production solution.
>These are new words for me and looking at equipment there seem to be many ways
>to determine viscosity and then calculators to convert to kinematic units.
>
>For this matrix and the range needed any suggestions on inexpensive equipment?
>And what is the conversion from distance traveled of a liquid(?) to kinematic
>units? whatever that is.
>
>Just looking into it to see if it’s something we want to do.
>
>Thanks for any help
>
>Frank
>
>
>Frank Shields
>Control Laboratories, Inc.
>42 Hangar Way
>Watsonville, CA 95076
>(831) 724-5422 tel
>(831) 724-3188 fax
>http://www.biocharlab/.com
>
>
>
>
>---------- Forwarded message ----------
>From: "Frank Shields" <[email protected]>
>To: "'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves'" <[email protected]>
>Cc:
>Date: Thu, 7 Feb 2013 11:24:41 -0800
>Subject: Re: [Stoves] Kinematic Viscosity measure of organic waste water
>question
>
>Dear Crispin,
>
>Any amount I tell them I need. I would think only a 50 mls would be enough for
>most of the equipment I have seen. They want this for what purpose? Perhaps to
>determine the pump energy needed to move from one location to another? Seems
>all that are producing methane to fuel stoves will need to pump liquids and
>this info would be useful for design.
>
>Regards
>
>Frank
>
>
>
>From:Stoves [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of
>Crispin Pemberton-Pigott
>Sent: Thursday, February 07, 2013 11:08 AM
>To: 'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves'
>Subject: Re: [Stoves] Kinematic Viscosity measure of organic waste water
>question
>
>Dear Frank
>
>How much of it have you got?
>
>I bet Frans has some solutions.
>
>Regards
>Crispin
>
>
>Dear Stovers,
>
>I have been asked a few time to determine the kinematic viscosity of the
>remaining liquid from a methane production solution.
>These are new words for me and looking at equipment there seem to be many ways
>to determine viscosity and then calculators to convert to kinematic units.
>
>For this matrix and the range needed any suggestions on inexpensive equipment?
>And what is the conversion from distance traveled of a liquid(?) to kinematic
>units? whatever that is.
>
>Just looking into it to see if it’s something we want to do.
>
>Thanks for any help
>
>Frank
>
>
>Frank Shields
>Control Laboratories, Inc.
>42 Hangar Way
>Watsonville, CA 95076
>(831) 724-5422 tel
>(831) 724-3188 fax
>http://www.biocharlab/.com
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Stoves mailing list
>
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>
>
>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:
>http://www.bioenergylists.org/
>
>
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