Dear Prof. Cook, I am an agricultural scientist. When we conduct field trials or collect field data for drawing conclusions, we work at an error probability level of 5%. Most of the variables in an agricultural situation are beyond the control of the experimenter, and yet an uncertainty level of only 5% is acceptable. Drawing conclusions having uncertainty level of 90% is rediculous. I was curious about the veracity of 90% uncertainty mentioned by you. But when I clicked on the source sited by you, I found that I could not access it. Yours A.D.Karve
On Sun, Mar 3, 2013 at 2:56 PM, Cecil Cook <[email protected]> wrote: > Dear stove scientists and climatologists, > > > > I accessed this article in its pre-publication form at no cost from the > following URL > > > > <ehs.sph.berkeley.edu/krsmith/publications/.../lam_est_2012.pd.> > > > > The article is hard going for me, let's say a bit opaque, as a person who > last studied physics in high school. > > > > I am once again reminded of the risks of doing 'hard' science where there > are so many unknowns and so many assumptions have to be made by researchers > to construct a model about the relationship between the black carbon emitted > by the wicks of illuminating lamps and something as gigantic as the average > temperature balance of the planet. > > > > Unlike the cultural and social sciences (I am an anthropologist), where > informants can and eventually do talk back and rebuke researchers when they > stray too far off course and begin making ridiculous claims about the > culturally and socially constructed worlds that particular informants are > reputed to inhabit, Black Carbon does not have its own consciousness and > voice. Therefore BC cannot censure errant climatologists when they deviate > too much from reality in their efforts - as researchers – to understand the > role of BC in the climate system .... so it is indeed possible for honest > researchers to fall victim to their own mad hatter assumptions about a > devilish complex planetary climate system. > > > > Unfortunately, the climate system does not have consciousness, agency and > voice in spite of what Kirkpatrick Sale says about Gaia. The climate > scientists presume to speaks for Gaia. When they succumbs to the temptation > of playing science politics with the world climate system they run the risk > of losing their way in the forest of their self created symbolic > representations of the how the planet's energy balances are maintained, and > how such a 'fragile' system is possibly threatened by the careless actions > of humans who create too much BC to light up the night. > > > > We know what a world of trouble Michael Mann, Lord Stern and their > colleagues have gotten themselves into by hyper-interpreting their climate > data. In the end their assumptions overpowered their common sense and their > data. They permitted climate politics to contaminate climate science. > Gratuitous and still unproved assumptions were inserted into climate science > about the causal mechanisms by which us ‘anthropods’ are destabilizing and > forcing the climate of the planet toward a hotter equilibrium. Hotter than > what? Hotter than the climate present we have known for the last hundred > years? > > > > I see there are 90% uncertainty ranges for all of the figures used in this > article. I do not feel very confident with such a big range of variation. > How would climatologists like it if I predicted that +/- 50% of a particular > stove using group – after demonstration of the superior performance of an > improved or advanced cookstove - can be expected to purchase such a stove > within the next 12 months with +/- 90% uncertainty. If there were 1 million > households in this group, that statistic indicates that 500 000 households > can be expected to buy the better stove on offer with a range of variation > around this figure of a (+) high of 950 000 households and a low (-) of a > low of 50 000 households. > > > > Maybe I have misunderstood what 90% uncertainty bounds mean. Have I? I do > not know the usefulness of numbers that vary from 50 000 households and 950 > 000 households. That is not much of a prediction in my part of the > scientific enterprise. What is being measured? Whose uncertainty is at issue > here? Is it a measure of the ambiguity of the researcher or the methods > used for measuring BC and its forcing effects, or what? > > > > Lastly, I would like a climatologist who is well informed about the role of > BC to explain why there is not more BC over South Africa. Is it possible to > differentiate the signals of BC from illuminating kerosene from the BC > signals emitted from the much greater combustion of kerosene in 'Panda' > stoves and space heaters which have round wicks that are about 30 cm in > circumference and burn kerosene at a rate of 1 liter a day for cooking and > space heating during the cold months (or up to 30 liters a month at $1.20 a > day or $36 a month). The use of these Panda heaters, although outlawed by > the SA Bureau of Standards, is still prevalent because the stoves are so > cheap (under $10) and they can space heat and cook at the same time. The > collection of firewood has become a class indicator so women in most > townships do not like being seen carrying head loads of firewood. > > > > I would estimate there are 10 to 15 million kerosene stoves in the townships > and villages of SA each of which uses a minimum of 30 liters of kerosene a > month during the winter and perhaps 15 liters a month during the summer > months for cooking. Should not the burning of 30 litres a month X - let’s > be conservative here and say - 7 500 000 kerosene burning stoves in South > Africa (=) or some 225 000 000 litres a month of kerosene a month in South > Africa produce a significant Black Carbon signal in the atmosphere over our > fair country? I don’t see it on the map of BC forcing? Should it not be > there or are other household uses of kerosene being excluded from the map? > > > > This is not my field so I am ignorant enough not to be embarrassed by my > ignorance. > > > > In search of answers, > > > > Cecil Cook > > Sundance Farm > > South Africa > > > > >> On Sun, Mar 3, 2013 at 12:09 AM, Dean Still <[email protected]> wrote: >>> >>> Hi Otto, >>> >>> Yes, I'll be in Cambodia. >>> >>> I think that informing users of kerosene lamps how they can get rid of >>> the soot could be helpful just as making other options available is a great >>> idea. >>> >>> Best, >>> >>> Dean >>> >>> >>> On Sat, Mar 2, 2013 at 11:39 AM, Otto Formo <[email protected]> >>> wrote: >>>> >>>> Dear Dean and Crispin, >>>> >>>> But you need to buy Kerosene, which costs close to two US $ per litre in >>>> Zambia, and are still fossil fuel. >>>> >>>> We prefer waste biomass as fuel, for free and available everywhere. >>>> >>>> Will you be attending the conference in Cambodia? >>>> >>>> Otto >>>> >>>> ________________________________ >>>> Date: Sat, 2 Mar 2013 10:37:04 -0800om: [email protected] >>>> To: [email protected] >>>> Subject: Re: [Stoves] Stoves Digest, Vol 31, Issue 1 Topic 2 >>>> >>>> http://www.aprovecho.org/lab/pubs/video-gallery >>>> >>>> Hi Crispin, >>>> >>>> I agree that blaming kerosene instead of the lamp for making soot misses >>>> the opportunity to fix the problem not by switching fuels but by just >>>> fixing >>>> the lamp. Kelley Grabow and Ed Wilson did dome preliminary investigation >>>> shown in a video above that seemed to indicate that fixing the lamp might >>>> be >>>> pretty simple. >>>> >>>> Best, >>>> >>>> Dean >>>> >>>> On Fri, Mar 1, 2013 at 10:51 PM, Geoff Thomas <[email protected]> wrote: >>>> >>>> Hi Crispin that link required some un-related password to do with >>>> Microsoft. >>>> > >>>> > <https://mail.chemonics.net/exchange/emdelate/Drafts/RE:%20[Stoves]%20Gas%20Bottle%20TLUDs.EML/1_multipart/image001.jpg> >>>> No way it could be viewed. >>>> Cheers, >>>> Geoff. >>>> >>>> On 02/03/2013, at 6:00 AM, [email protected] >>>> wrote: >>>> >>>> > Send Stoves mailing list submissions to >>>> > [email protected] >>>> > >>>> > To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit >>>> > >>>> > http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org >>>> > >>>> > or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to >>>> > [email protected] >>>> > >>>> > You can reach the person managing the list at >>>> > [email protected] >>>> > >>>> > When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific >>>> > than "Re: Contents of Stoves digest..." >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > Today's Topics: >>>> > >>>> > 1. Re: Skoll article on HAP research (Crispin Pemberton-Pigott) >>>> > 2. Re: Gas Bottle TLUDs (Elisha Moore-Delate) >>>> > 3. Re: [biochar] Re: ~Stoves and STEM education~ (Erin Rasmussen) >>>> > 4. Re: Skoll article on HAP research (nari phaltan) >>>> > 5. Fwd: Re: [Sfpnotices] Green Energy Solves Dual Crises of >>>> > Poverty and Climate (Lloyd Helferty) >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- >>>> > >>>> > Message: 1 >>>> > Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2013 15:07:23 -0500 >>>> > From: "Crispin Pemberton-Pigott" <[email protected]> >>>> > To: "'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves'" >>>> > <[email protected]> >>>> > Subject: Re: [Stoves] Skoll article on HAP research >>>> > Message-ID: <[email protected]> >>>> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" >>>> > >>>> > Dear Christina >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > Thanks for the pointer. >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > For the benefit of readers I would like to raise one point about the >>>> > emissions and the fuel. >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > ?Getting Good Data Could be Easy >>>> > >>>> > ?If solid fuel cook stoves and kerosene lanterns are used in the same >>>> > households, then getting the answers we need may be straightforward and >>>> > low >>>> > cost. While in the field, mothers being surveyed about their use of solid >>>> > fuel cook stoves could also be asked a few questions about their use of >>>> > kerosene for lighting. Some additional field observations could be >>>> > recorded. >>>> > Existing resources allocated to studies planned for cook stoves research >>>> > could be very easily leveraged to quickly and inexpensively begin to >>>> > build a >>>> > body of knowledge about the effects of kerosene lighting.? >>>> > >>>> > The article also says that ?A recent Environmental Science and >>>> > Technology <mailto:http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es302697h> >>>> > article >>>> > reports that as much as 10% of kerosene smoke is pure black carbon >>>> > (soot) ? >>>> > 20 times higher than previous studies had found.? >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > The black carbon content of kerosene smoke is highly variable. It >>>> > depends on what lantern is used and the power setting. The article >>>> > speaks as >>>> > if the emissions are created by the fuel and that worries me. This is an >>>> > old >>>> > fashioned view. It is like saying that ?wood is a smoky fuel?. It >>>> > depends on >>>> > the stove that is burning the wood, and how, doesn?t it? There is no >>>> > doubt >>>> > that one lantern may create 20 times as much black carbon particles as >>>> > another lantern, but this tells us nothing about the fuel, it tells us >>>> > about >>>> > the lanterns. >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > One alternative to a smoky kerosene lantern is a clean burning >>>> > kerosene lantern. >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > Regards >>>> > >>>> > Crispin >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > From: Stoves [mailto:[email protected]] On >>>> > Behalf Of Christina Espinosa >>>> > Sent: Thursday, February 28, 2013 12:50 PM >>>> > To: Discussion of biomass cooking stoves >>>> > Subject: [Stoves] Skoll article on HAP research >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > Here is an article about stoves and kerosene you all might find of >>>> > interest: >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > https://skollworldforum.org/2013/02/27/where-theres-smoke-theres-fire-a-call-to-action-for-better-indoor-air-pollution-research/ >>>> > >>>> > -------------- next part -------------- >>>> > An HTML attachment was scrubbed... >>>> > URL: >>>> > <http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org/attachments/20130228/b6a88fd2/attachment-0001.html> >>>> > >>>> > ------------------------------ >>>> > >>>> > Message: 2 >>>> > Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2013 15:26:20 -0500 >>>> > From: "Elisha Moore-Delate" <[email protected]> >>>> > To: "Discussion of biomass cooking stoves" >>>> > <[email protected]> >>>> > Subject: Re: [Stoves] Gas Bottle TLUDs >>>> > Message-ID: >>>> > >>>> > <cfc22a81dd304945bc918ea8680159bd3f2...@chq-email-be3.chemonics.net> >>>> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" >>>> > >>>> > Thanks Crispin. Appreciate the lovely photos and info. >>>> > >>>> > ________________________________ >>>> > >>>> > From: Stoves on behalf of Crispin Pemberton-Pigott >>>> > Sent: Tue 2/26/2013 11:26 PM >>>> > To: 'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves' >>>> > Subject: Re: [Stoves] Gas Bottle TLUDs >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > Dear Elisha >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > What a great idea - so many harmonies. In Mozambique old gas bottles >>>> > are widely used as charcoal cooking pots, cut lengthwise from tip to >>>> > bottom, >>>> > after the valve has been removed. >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > They last a really long time. >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > Here are two types, one with the cylinder used vertically, one >>>> > horizontally. >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > <https://mail.chemonics.net/exchange/emdelate/Drafts/RE:%20[Stoves]%20Gas%20Bottle%20TLUDs.EML/1_multipart/image001.jpg> >>>> > >>>> > Baseline charcoal stoves in Maputo, Mozambique >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > Regards >>>> > >>>> > Crispin >>>> > >>>> > -------------- next part -------------- >>>> > A non-text attachment was scrubbed... >>>> > Name: winmail.dat >>>> > Type: application/ms-tnef >>>> > Size: 42413 bytes >>>> > Desc: not available >>>> > URL: >>>> > <http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org/attachments/20130228/34cc0cbb/attachment-0001.bin> >>>> > >>>> > ------------------------------ >>>> > >>>> > Message: 3 >>>> > Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2013 13:25:04 -0800 >>>> > From: "Erin Rasmussen" <[email protected]> >>>> > To: <[email protected]>, "'JJ Claire'" >>>> > <[email protected]> >>>> > Cc: 'Discussion of biomass' <[email protected]> >>>> > Subject: Re: [Stoves] [biochar] Re: ~Stoves and STEM education~ >>>> > Message-ID: <010201ce15fa$13a7e2a0$3af7a7e0$@com> >>>> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" >>>> > >>>> > A better source of information about the Stoves list, is our cooking >>>> > stoves web site: >>>> > >>>> > http://www.stoves.bioenergylists.org >>>> > <http://www.stoves.bioenergylists.org/> >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > Sign up here: >>>> > http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org >>>> > >>>> > and check out the cooking stoves archive: >>>> > http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org/ >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > Let me know if you have any questions, >>>> > >>>> > Erin >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > TR Miles Technical Consultants Inc. <http://www.trmiles.com/> >>>> > http://www.trmiles.com/ >>>> > >>>> > and BioEnergy Discussion Lists <http://www.bioenergylists.org/> >>>> > http://www.bioenergylists.org/ >>>> > >>>> > [email protected] >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > T.R. Miles Technical Consultants Inc. >>>> > 1470 SW Woodward Way >>>> > Portland, OR, USA 97225 >>>> > Tel. 503-292-0107 Fax. 503-292-2919 >>>> > >>>> > cell. 503-8882367 >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On >>>> > Behalf Of [email protected] >>>> > Sent: Wednesday, February 27, 2013 1:36 AM >>>> > To: [email protected]; JJ Claire; Erin Rasmussen >>>> > Cc: Discussion of biomass >>>> > Subject: Re: [biochar] Re: [Stoves] ~Stoves and STEM education~ >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > 2. Anyone wanting to learn more about the stove list dialog (a >>>> > sister list, also managed by Erin) should go to >>>> > >>>> > http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/maillist.html >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > _._,___ >>>> > >>>> > -------------- next part -------------- >>>> > An HTML attachment was scrubbed... >>>> > URL: >>>> > <http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org/attachments/20130228/0c46318e/attachment-0001.html> >>>> > >>>> > ------------------------------ >>>> > >>>> > Message: 4 >>>> > Date: Fri, 1 Mar 2013 07:50:00 +0530 >>>> > From: nari phaltan <[email protected]> >>>> > To: Discussion of biomass cooking stoves >>>> > <[email protected]> >>>> > Subject: Re: [Stoves] Skoll article on HAP research >>>> > Message-ID: >>>> > >>>> > <CAGeG2tBO24Ht5_RQmbLewRO3k+Y6O5=wrgtvws62qoughya...@mail.gmail.com> >>>> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" >>>> > >>>> > This might be of interest to the stovers that kerosene can be made >>>> > into a >>>> > very clean burning fuel just like LPG. >>>> > http://www.cseindia.org/userfiles/Lantern%20that%20cooks.pdf >>>> > >>>> > Cheers. >>>> > >>>> > Anil >>>> > >>>> > On Thu, Feb 28, 2013 at 11:19 PM, Christina Espinosa < >>>> > [email protected]> wrote: >>>> > >>>> >> Here is an article about stoves and kerosene you all might find of >>>> >> interest: >>>> >> >>>> >> >>>> >> >>>> >> https://skollworldforum.org/2013/02/27/where-theres-smoke-theres-fire-a-call-to-action-for-better-indoor-air-pollution-research/ >>>> >> >>>> >> _______________________________________________ >>>> >> Stoves mailing list >>>> >> >>>> >> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address >>>> >> [email protected] >>>> >> >>>> >> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page >>>> >> >>>> >> >>>> >> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org >>>> >> >>>> >> for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web >>>> >> site: >>>> >> http://www.bioenergylists.org/ >>>> >> >>>> >> >>>> >> >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > -- >>>> > Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute (NARI) >>>> > Tambmal, Phaltan-Lonand Road >>>> > P.O.Box 44 >>>> > Phaltan-415523, Maharashtra, India >>>> > Ph:91-2166-222396/220945 >>>> > e-mail:[email protected] >>>> > [email protected] >>>> > >>>> > http://www.nariphaltan.org >>>> > -------------- next part -------------- >>>> > An HTML attachment was scrubbed... >>>> > URL: >>>> > <http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org/attachments/20130301/50413c25/attachment-0001.html> >>>> > >>>> > ------------------------------ >>>> > >>>> > Message: 5 >>>> > Date: Fri, 1 Mar 2013 00:38:11 -0500 >>>> > From: Lloyd Helferty <[email protected]> >>>> > To: Biochar-Policy <[email protected]>, Discussion of >>>> > biomass cooking stoves <[email protected]> >>>> > Subject: [Stoves] Fwd: Re: [Sfpnotices] Green Energy Solves Dual >>>> > Crises of Poverty and Climate >>>> > Message-ID: <[email protected]> >>>> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"; Format="flowed" >>>> > >>>> > FYI >>>> > >>>> > Lloyd Helferty, Engineering Technologist >>>> > Principal, Biochar Consulting (Canada) >>>> > www.biochar-consulting.ca >>>> > 48 Suncrest Blvd, Thornhill, ON, Canada >>>> > 905-707-8754 >>>> > CELL: 647-886-8754 >>>> > Skype: lloyd.helferty >>>> > Steering Committee coordinator >>>> > Canadian Biochar Initiative (CBI) >>>> > President, Co-founder & CBI Liaison, Biochar-Ontario >>>> > National Office, Canadian Carbon Farming Initiative (CCFI) >>>> > Partner of Toronto Urban Ag Summitwww.urbanagsummit.org >>>> > Manager, Biochar Offsets Group: >>>> > http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=2446475 >>>> > Advisory Committee Member, IBI >>>> > http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1404717 >>>> > http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=42237506675 >>>> > http://groups.google.com/group/biochar-ontario >>>> > http://www.meetup.com/biocharontario/ >>>> > http://www.biocharontario.ca >>>> > www.biochar.ca >>>> > >>>> > "Whenever you are asked if you can do a job, tell 'em, 'Certainly I >>>> > can!' Then get busy and find out how to do it." >>>> > - Theodore Roosevelt >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > -------- Original Message -------- >>>> > Subject: Re: [Sfpnotices] Green Energy Solves Dual Crises of >>>> > Poverty >>>> > and Climate >>>> > Date: Tue, 26 Feb 2013 21:23:44 -0500 >>>> > From: Robert Korol >>>> > To: Sfp Notices-list" <[email protected]> >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > Carla - thank goodness we are getting the power houses of our economic >>>> > engines like the*World Bank* on side with respect to green energy. >>>> > Maybe there is hope for the world after all! >>>> > >>>> > Bob >>>> > >>>> > On Tue, 26 Feb 2013 20:42:37 -0500 >>>> > "Carla"<[email protected]> wrote: >>>> >> Source: >>>> >> >>>> >> >>>> >> http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/02/green-energy-solves-dual-crises-of-poverty-and-climate/ >>>> >> >>>> >> >>>> >> Green Energy Solves Dual Crises of Poverty and Climate >>>> >> >>>> >> By Stephen Leahy >>>> >> >>>> >> >>>> >> UXBRIDGE, Canada, Feb 25 2013 (IPS) - Green energy is the only way to >>>> >> bring >>>> >> billions of people out of energy poverty and prevent a climate >>>> >> disaster, a >>>> >> new study reveals. >>>> >> >>>> >> Conservative institutions like the World Bank, the International >>>> >> Energy >>>> >> Agency and accounting giant Price Waterhouse Coopers (PwC) all warn >>>> >> humanity >>>> >> is on a path to climate catastrophe unless fossil fuel energy is >>>> >> replaced by >>>> >> green energy. >>>> >> >>>> >> The U.N.'s/*Sustainable Energy for All*/ initiative intends to bring >>>> >> universal >>>> >> access to modern energy, doubling the share of renewable energy >>>> >> globally, >>>> >> and doubling the rate of improvement in energy efficiency by 2030. >>>> >> >>>> >> Poverty eradication, sustainable development and the transition away >>>> >> from >>>> >> fossil fuel energy go hand in hand. >>>> >> >>>> >> If those targets are met and similar efforts undertaken to*reduce >>>> >> deforestation*, then climate disaster can be avoided, said Joeri >>>> >> Rogelj of >>>> >> the<http://www.iac.ethz.ch/> Institute for Atmospheric and Climate >>>> >> Science >>>> >> in Zurich who headed the analysis published Sunday in the journal >>>> >> <http://www.nature.com/nclimate/index.html> Nature Climate Change. >>>> >> >>>> >> "Poverty eradication, sustainable development and the transition away >>>> >> from >>>> >> fossil fuel energy go hand in hand," Rogelj told IPS. >>>> >> >>>> >> The U.N.<http://www.sustainableenergyforall.org/> Sustainable Energy >>>> >> for >>>> >> All (SE4All) initiative is ambitious, but brings a wide range of >>>> >> benefits >>>> >> including improvements in health, less air pollution and makes the >>>> >> all-important break from increasing fossil fuel energy use. The >>>> >> analysis >>>> >> shows the costs of SE4All is far less than the public subsidies the >>>> >> fossil >>>> >> fuel industry currently receives, he said. >>>> >> >>>> >> Nearly three billion people still use fire for cooking and heating. >>>> >> Of >>>> >> those, some 1.5 billion people have no access to electricity. For a >>>> >> billion >>>> >> more, their only access is to sporadic and unreliable electricity >>>> >> networks. >>>> >> Indoor air pollution from burning dung, charcoal, and wood for >>>> >> heating and >>>> >> cooking leads to nearly two million premature deaths of women and >>>> >> children >>>> >> every year, more than all the deaths from malaria and tuberculosis. >>>> >> >>>> >> Dirty fossil fuel energy is also a major health hazard in industrial >>>> >> countries, responsible for 50,000 to 100,000 premature deaths and 400 >>>> >> billion dollars in health costs a year in the U.S. alone, said Mark >>>> >> Jacobson >>>> >> an energy expert at Stanford University in California. >>>> >> >>>> >> "In the European Union, it is 350,000 premature deaths a year," >>>> >> Jacobson >>>> >> told IPS. >>>> >> >>>> >> SE4All was first announced in 2009. "Energy interacts with all of the >>>> >> development challenges we face," Kandeh Yumkella, director-general of >>>> >> the >>>> >> United Nations Industrial Development Organisation >>>> >> >>>> >> <http://www.ipsnews.net/2009/06/development-green-energy-for-all-by-2030/> >>>> >> told IPS at the launch. >>>> >> >>>> >> Energy experts calculate that decentralised, off-grid technologies >>>> >> like >>>> >> wind, solar, geothermal and micro-hydro energy generation are the >>>> >> fastest >>>> >> and most cost effective solutions. Extending current electrical grids >>>> >> only >>>> >> makes economic sense to meet 15-20 percent of the need due to the >>>> >> high >>>> >> costs. >>>> >> >>>> >> SE4All is well under way now, with more than 50 developing countries >>>> >> working >>>> >> on national plans to achieve the three goals of universal access, >>>> >> increasing >>>> >> renewable energy, and doubling the rate of improvement in energy >>>> >> efficiency. >>>> >> >>>> >> Since 80 percent of human carbon dioxide emissions come from the >>>> >> global >>>> >> energy system, Rogelj and colleagues at the International Institute >>>> >> for >>>> >> Applied Systems Analysis in Laxenberg, Austria wanted to quantify the >>>> >> impact >>>> >> on the global climate. >>>> >> >>>> >> "Achieving the three SE4ALL objectives could put the world on a path >>>> >> towards >>>> >> global climate protection," they >>>> >> >>>> >> <http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nclimate1806.html >>>> >>> conclude in their paper "The UN's 'Sustainable Energy for All' >>>> >>> initiative >>>> >> is compatible with a warming limit of 2 ?C". >>>> >> >>>> >> "Doing energy right will promote the Millennium Development Goals, >>>> >> such as >>>> >> poverty eradication and social empowerment, and at the same time >>>> >> kick-start >>>> >> the transition to a lower-carbon economy," says IIASA researcher >>>> >> David >>>> >> McCollum, who also worked on the study. >>>> >> >>>> >> "But the U.N.'s objectives must be complemented by a global agreement >>>> >> on >>>> >> controlling greenhouse gas emissions." >>>> >> >>>> >> Even if the targets are achieved, explosive economic growth coupled >>>> >> with >>>> >> greater energy use will overwhelm the climate protection benefits of >>>> >> SE4All. >>>> >> "There is an explicit need for a global cap on emissions," said >>>> >> Rogelj . >>>> >> >>>> >> Global carbon emissions were about 52 gigatonnes (billion metric >>>> >> tonnes) in >>>> >> 2012 and that means fossil fuel energy use must decline so emissions >>>> >> are >>>> >> about 41-47 Gt by 2020 to have a reasonable chance of keeping global >>>> >> warming >>>> >> below two degrees C. >>>> >> >>>> >> The shift to green energy is under way. Every new megawatt added to >>>> >> the U.S. >>>> >> electricity supply in January came from renewables, and more than >>>> >> half of >>>> >> all new electricity generation in 2012 was also from renewables, not >>>> >> gas as >>>> >> often believed. >>>> >> >>>> >> Iceland has 81 percent renewable energy. Scotland has a mandate to >>>> >> achieve >>>> >> 100 percent renewable power supply by 2020. Denmark passed laws >>>> >> requiring >>>> >> that the whole energy supply - electricity, heating/cooling, and >>>> >> transportation - be met by renewable resources. >>>> >> >>>> >> Stanford's Jackobson, among others, have proposed detailed plans on >>>> >> how to >>>> >> meet 100 percent of the world's energy needs with green energy. >>>> >> Jacobson >>>> >> believes it could be done as soon as 2030. >>>> >> >>>> >> Costs for the SE4All plan are relatively modest at between 30 and 40 >>>> >> billion >>>> >> dollars a year, a fraction of the 523 billion dollars in subsides for >>>> >> dirty >>>> >> energy in 2011, according to the International Energy Agency. By >>>> >> 2030, 300 >>>> >> billion dollars a year will be needed to bring electricity into every >>>> >> home >>>> >> on the planet and prevent catastrophic climate change. >>>> >> >>>> >> Fossil fuel emission reductions will have to continue after 2030 and >>>> >> eventually decline to near zero in order to stay below two degrees C, >>>> >> said >>>> >> Rogelj. >>>> >> >>>> >> - See more at: >>>> >> >>>> >> http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/02/green-energy-solves-dual-crises-of-poverty-and-climate/#sthash.bCVEtR8U.dpuf >>>> >> >>>> >> >>>> > >>>> > - - - - - - - >>>> > Robert Korol >>>> > Professor emeritus, Civil Engineering >>>> > McMaster University >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > -------------- next part -------------- >>>> > An HTML attachment was scrubbed... >>>> > URL: >>>> > <http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org/attachments/20130301/6ef65d2a/attachment-0001.html> >>>> > >>>> > ------------------------------ >>>> > >>>> > Subject: Digest Footer >>>> > >>>> > _______________________________________________ >>>> > Stoves mailing list >>>> > >>>> > to Send a Message to the list, use the email address >>>> > [email protected] >>>> > >>>> > to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page >>>> > >>>> > http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web >>>> > site: >>>> > http://www.bioenergylists.org/ >>>> > >>>> > >>>> > ------------------------------ >>>> > >>>> > End of Stoves Digest, Vol 31, Issue 1 >>>> > ************************************* >>>> > >>>> >>>> >>>> _______________________________________________ >>>> Stoves mailing list >>>> >>>> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address >>>> [email protected] >>>> >>>> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page >>>> >>>> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org >>>> >>>> for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site: >>>> http://www.bioenergylists.org/ >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> _______________________________________________ Stoves mailing list to >>>> Send a Message to the list, use the email address >>>> [email protected] to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings >>>> use the web page >>>> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org >>>> for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site: >>>> http://www.bioenergylists.org/ >>>> >>>> _______________________________________________ >>>> Stoves mailing list >>>> >>>> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address >>>> [email protected] >>>> >>>> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page >>>> >>>> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org >>>> >>>> for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site: >>>> http://www.bioenergylists.org/ >>>> >>>> >>> >>> >>> _______________________________________________ >>> Stoves mailing list >>> >>> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address >>> [email protected] >>> >>> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page >>> >>> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org >>> >>> for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site: >>> http://www.bioenergylists.org/ >>> >>> >> > > > _______________________________________________ > Stoves mailing list > > to Send a Message to the list, use the email address > [email protected] > > to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page > http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org > > for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site: > http://www.bioenergylists.org/ > > -- *** Dr. A.D. Karve Trustee & Founder President, Appropriate Rural Technology Institute (ARTI) _______________________________________________ Stoves mailing list to Send a Message to the list, use the email address [email protected] to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site: http://www.bioenergylists.org/
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