There's actually a fair bit of information available on this topic. Java has some problems in some areas related to synchronization and multi-threaded execution. Doug Lea, author of "Concurrent Programming in Java" has developed a lot of this material. I'll admit to not being expert, but interested in the topic.
Some references: Concurrent / Thread ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Java memory model http://www.cs.umd.edu/~pugh/java/memoryModel/ http://jcp.org/jsr/detail/133.jsp -- JSR 133 - Java Memory Model and Thread Specification Revision, Expert Group Formed June, 2001 http://www.jcp.org/jsr/detail/133.jsp Reading the request in interesting. -- Lazy instantiation http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/javatips/jw-javatip67.html -- Overview of package util.concurrent Release 1.3.0 - Doug Lea http://gee.cs.oswego.edu/dl/classes/EDU/oswego/cs/dl/util/concurrent/intro.html -- The "Double-Checked Locking is Broken" Declaration (same link as Stefan's) http://www.cs.umd.edu/~pugh/java/memoryModel/DoubleCheckedLocking.html Descriptions of double-check idiom Reality Check, Douglas C. Schmidt, C++ Report, SIGS, Vol. 8, No. 3, March 1996. http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/editorial-3.html Double-Checked Locking: An Optimization Pattern for Efficiently Initializing and Accessing Thread-safe Objects, Douglas Schmidt and Tim Harrison. 3rd annual Pattern Languages of Program Design conference, 1996 http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/DC-Locking.ps.gz Lazy instantiation, Philip Bishop and Nigel Warren, JavaWorld Magazine http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/javatips/jw-javatip67.html Programming Java threads in the real world, Part 7, Allen Holub, Javaworld Magazine, April 1999. http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-04-1999/jw-04-toolbox-3.html Book - Java 2 Performance and Idiom Guide, Craig Larman and Rhett Guthrie, p100. http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-04-1999/jw-04-toolbox-3.html Book - Java in Practice: Design Styles and Idioms for Effective Java, Nigel Warren and Philip Bishop, p142. http://www.google.com/search?q=Java+Design+Styles+Nigel+Bishop Book - Rule 99, The Elements of Java Style, Allan Vermeulen, Scott Ambler, Greg Bumgardner, Eldon Metz, Trvor Misfeldt, Jim Shur, Patrick Thompson, SIGS Reference library http://www.ambysoft.com/elementsJavaStyle.html Global Variables in Java with the Singleton Pattern, Wiebe de Jong, Gamelan http://gamelan.earthweb.com/journal/techfocus/022300_singleton.html P.S. Sorry about the volume Stefan Wachter <struts.stefan.wacht To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED]> cc: Subject: Error: Fast-Collection-Classes do not work 12/17/2001 10:25 AM Please respond to "Struts Developers List" Hi everybody! The fast collection classes in the struts framework use a simple strategy to avoid (expensive?) synchronization. If a collection is to be modified then first clone it, then modify the clone and finally replace the original with the modified clone. The problem is that the execution order of the commands is not guaranteed. A compiler can decide to first create the clone, then replace the original with the clone and then modify the original/clone -> bang. The following article explains the problem more detailed: http://www.cs.umd.edu/~pugh/java/memoryModel/DoubleCheckedLocking.html --Stefan -- GMX - Die Kommunikationsplattform im Internet. http://www.gmx.net -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: < mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]> For additional commands, e-mail: < mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]> -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: <mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]> For additional commands, e-mail: <mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
