In my code I had accidentally typed: return mapping.findForward("succcess");
(note the 3 c's) Instead of getting a runtime error my app just went nowhere? 1) why doesn't findForward() throw an exception rather than returning null? 2) more generally, I am concerned about errors that you cannot discover until runtime and then only by ensuring you have tested every possible situation. One of the important things about Java is the emphasis on catching things at compile time. It would be good in the design of Struts to keep some focus on allowing error detection at compile time, or at least at application init. In the above case for example, there may be some way to use static constants rather than strings. It would be good to look at some of the other Struts elements. This may not seem like a big deal to some people, but I remember well the 'bad old days' of maintaining applications with interpreted code. Runtime discovery of bugs is a bad characteristic for quality apps. "Introspect, don't interpret". Frank Lawlor Athens Group, Inc. (512) 345-0600 x151 Athens Group, an employee-owned consulting firm integrating technology strategy and software solutions. -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: <mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]> For additional commands, e-mail: <mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]>