At much lower flow rates, you should see a flat line. As you increase the
volume, you will see a point when the rate increases. When the capacity is
lower than the demand, as time goes, the travel time should keep
increasing. That basically means that there is no stable observed travel
time (i.e., not a single point on your graph).

You don’t need to create bottlenecks to fit a highway performance function.
You can create a loop network to see the impact on having more cars on
road.

Thanks,
Qichao

On Thu, Nov 18, 2021 at 8:07 PM François Vaudrin <
[email protected]> wrote:

> Hello everyone,
>
>
> Has anyone ever tested the Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) formula with SUMO?
>
>
> This formula was developed in the 1960s by the BPR to estimate travel time
> as a function of road capacity under free-flow conditions (such as on a
> highway). The transport time increases exponentially depending on the
> capacity of the road (see diagram in the attached file).
>
>
> We would like to reproduce these phenomena with SUMO by gradually
> increasing the traffic flow and measuring the total time to empty the
> network. We then reproduced the results on a graph to check if it is
> similar to that of the BPR.
>
>
> The problem is that we are not getting an exponential function, but a
> straight line (see results in the attached file) and that is not what the
> BPR predicted in the 1960s.
>
>
> Does that make sense?
>
>
> Do we have to introduce a bottleneck (or reduce the speed) at the end of
> the network to create a queue or traffic jam?
>
>
> Thank you
>
>
> *François *
> CANADA
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