sean nathan bean schrieb:
[email protected] sent me the following::
Is the file to which this is added /etc/hosts ?
so what's the point of hosts.deny ? or do we need both?
Some light into the darkness:
/etc/hosts on Linux (and practically all Unix based OSs I know) has a
locally defined IP <-> hostname mapping.
It is used during (reverse) address resolution, usually before
consulting DNS.
On most (client) systems (e.g. typical PCs/netbooks/...) these days, it
usually comes pre-defined by OS setup routines, contains the localhost
loopback interface and maybe the hostname of the actual host itself.
All other hosts/domain names would be resolved via DNS, where most
clients get to know their DNS server via DHCP. "Plug and play."
However, the file can still be used for different purposes, like local
addresses (when you don't run an on DNS server at home but want to call
your other PCs by names - that's e.g. what mDNS/Bonjour try to fix the
pnp-way). Or for limited amounts of hosts, where you want to be
independent of DNS - e.g. for availability or security reasons.
There might even be machines, you don't want to talk to DNS at all.
Or environment, where no DNS is available.
To use the file to re-direct traffic to non-existent hosts is a bit
against it's intention (it's supposed to help find hosts, not to not
find them), but works perfectly fine, since the resolution here takes
precedence over DNS.
If you would be running an own (not only-caching) DNS server at
home/work, you could consider re-directing the domains here - it would
work nearly the same. (Except it would effect all machines using that
DNS while the /etc/hosts always stays with the machine, even if you move
to other networks and use their DNS servers.)
As for the /etc/hosts.deny - it's unrelated to IP resolution, so unless
you know what it is for, forget about it in this context or even altogether.
If you are interested, ask the Google-joker.
Or check, what "man <whatever-you-are-interested-in>" yields on your system.
(That's usually safer than guessing what people might have thought
during the last 30 years of Unix-like system development. Those people
can be a bit un-intuitive and for sure don't like typing a lot so don't
expect overly "speaking" names for things.)
Best regards
Philipp
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