Hello everybody,

Thanks so much for all your feedback!

I’d like to give a few general comments to clarify how we created this video 
and to respond to some of the comments that we received. I’ll respond a few 
individual comments further below.

ReTiSAR does realtime processing, which means that what happens is independent 
of whether you plug in a microphone array and read the signals of the 
individual microphones from the AD converter or if you read the pre-recorded 
raw microphone signals from a storage medium. In the video, we first recorded 
the microphone signals. Afterwards, we rendered them with ReTiSAR while 
recording ReTiSAR’s output and while I was moving the head left and right in 
the right moment. We then added these signals to the video. 
Upon execution, ReTiSAR expands the captured sound field that is represented by 
the microphone signals block-by-block into spherical harmonics (SH). Some HRTF 
set will also be loaded and expanded into SH. There is then some processing the 
SH domain happening that virtually puts the head whose HRTFs are being used 
into the sound field that was captured by the array and computes the resulting 
ear signals.

So, it’s microphone signals in -> binaural signals out. 

As all processing is performed live, we can rotate the sound field and the 
HRTFs against each other and thereby change the head orientation. Currently, 
ReTiSAR supports Polhemus Fastrack and some old Razor head tracker as tracking 
sensors. Please believe me, listening to this example with head tracking makes 
a world of a difference. 

There are several reasons why the output of the pipeline may sound different 
than the real thing: 

1) Of course, the HRTFs are potentially non-individual. ReTiSAR loads SOFA 
files. So, you are more than welcome to try your own HRTF set. Ideally, it 
should have no gaps anywhere in the measured grid so that there is no ambiguity 
when expanding the HRTFs into SH. This is an involved topic. Note that the 
default setting of ReTiSAR will play an Eigenmike recording that is very 
similar to the one in the video (but less formal and in a drier room). So 
please give it a try!

2) The finite number of sensors forces us to limit the SH order to 4. This 
affects both timbre and spatial perception. Several of you have noted that 
there seems a difference in timbre between front/rear and the lateral source 
locations. Indeed, there are physical reasons for this related to the SH order 
limitation. Finding ways to mitigate this is actually an active research topic 
at the moment. I’ll append a list of example references on this. Please excuse 
if this one is not comprehensive. We actually did an extensive listening test 
in which we compared a selection of these methods. The article on it is 
currently under review at JAES. In a nutshell, the result was that all these 
methods achieve an improvement. By the way, the signals from the video happened 
to employ the method by Hold et al. (for no particular reason).
A few authors have looked into how these order-limitation issues improve with 
increasing order. All found that around, say, order 10 is where things 
saturate. Then, for most source locations (at least as long as they are in the 
horizontal plane), the array rendering sounds indistinguishable from a direct 
dummy head recording of the same scenario (of course, when using the dummy 
head’s HRTFs in the array pipeline). Order 10 means at least (10+1)^2 
microphones, though. BTW, using 100+ microphones is not a problem regarding the 
sensor self noise. The SNR in the binaural signals can even be higher than what 
it is in the signal of a given microphone. Stay tuned for Hannes Helmholz’s 
Forum Acusticum paper on this. 

Augustine rote:

> Hey ! My cynicism alarms were buzzing away, its my default setting now  -
but that's actually really effective - well done ! I don't suppose you do a
VST plugin / panner of some sort ?

Sorry, no, we haven’t planned this. It will actually be difficult to wrap 
ReTiSAR in such a framework. I’d rather want to point you to other 
implementations of the same processing pipeline, which are presumably doing 
exactly the same like ReTiSAR:

https://plugins.iem.at/
http://research.spa.aalto.fi/projects/sparta_vsts/

Greg wrote:

> It would be interesting if there were other uploads of this rendered
with different head models (or even just alternative audio only
versions):  This didn't image for me at all except for the part where
the speaker gets close to the right ear, that part imaged well and
caused me to jump in my seat a bit.
> 
> IIRC only two of the HRTFs in the listen database images well for me,
and kemar doesn't at all, so I'm not surprised.

As you know, it’s hard to diagnose from the distance why it is such. I can only 
recommend that you try ReTiSAR with an HRTF set of which you know that it works 
for you (the default is Neumann KU100, which is also what we used in the 
video). As mentioned above, ReTiSAR comes together with an Eigenmike recording. 
(Note, though, that we have tested ReTiSAR on macOS only.)

Fernando wrote:

> Right and Left sounded less reverberated, although the distance does not seem 
> to change so much - and the tone quality was (seemed?) brighter.

The timbre differences can be well explained with the effects of order 
truncation. We don’t really know what it is that changes the perception of the 
reverb.

Best regards,
Jens

—
Here’s a few references on the order limitation. Some include propositions for 
mitigating its effect:

C. Hold, H. Gamper, V. Pulkki, N. Raghuvanshi, I. J. Tashev, “Improving 
Binaural Ambisonics Decodingby Spherical Harmonics Domain Tapering and 
ColorationCompensation,” presented at the International Conference on 
Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 2, pp. 261–265 (2019)

M. Zaunschirm, C. Schörkhuber, R. Höldrich,“Binaural rendering of Ambisonic 
signals by head-relatedimpulse response time alignment and a diffuseness 
constraint,” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,vol. 143, no. 6, 
pp. 3616–3627 (2018).

Z. Ben-Hur, F. Brinkmann, J. Sheaffer, S. Weinzierl, B. Rafaely, “Spectral 
equalization in binaural signals represented by order-truncated spherical 
harmonics,” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.141, no. 6, 
pp. 4087–4096 (2017).

J. Ahrens, C. Andersson, “Perceptual evaluation of headphone auralization of 
rooms captured with spherical microphone arrays with respect to spaciousness 
and timbre,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.145, no. April, 
pp. 2783–2794 (2019).



> On 22 May 2020, at 01:20, Jacob William Wolfe <[email protected]> wrote:
> 
> Wow. Perception of distance especially - he sounds directly in my ear when he 
> gets close. 
> 
> On 5/21/20, 6:04 PM, "Sursound on behalf of mgraves mstvp.com" 
> <[email protected] on behalf of [email protected]> wrote:
> 
>    That's really good!
> 
>    Michael Graves
>    [email protected]
>    o: (713) 861-4005
>    c: (713) 201-1262
>    sip:[email protected]
> 
>    -----Original Message-----
>    From: Sursound <[email protected]> On Behalf Of Jens Ahrens
>    Sent: Thursday, May 21, 2020 11:04 AM
>    To: Sursound <[email protected]>
>    Subject: [Sursound] Binaural rendering of an Eigenmike recording
> 
>    Hello everyone,
> 
>    … and another post from me. 
> 
>    Here’s a quick 2-min video of what binaural rendering of an Eigenmike 
> recording can sound like for those of you who haven’t heard this before: 
> https://youtu.be/qcqeygqjxZ4 It’s 4th order rendered directly in the 
> spherical harmonic domain (without a virtual discrete loudspeaker array). The 
> rendering was done with ReTiSAR 
> (https://github.com/AppliedAcousticsChalmers/ReTiSAR), which is generously 
> funded by Facebook Reality Labs. 
> 
>    Best regards,
>    Jens
> 
>    -- 
>    Jens Ahrens
>    Associate Professor
>    Division of Applied Acoustics
>    Chalmers University of Technology
>    41296 Gothenburg
>    Sweden
>    +46 (0)31 772 2210
>    http://www.ta.chalmers.se/people/jens-ahrens/ 
> 
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