Author: pkelsey
Date: Mon Feb 11 05:17:31 2019
New Revision: 343995
URL: https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/343995

Log:
  Reduce the time it takes the kernel to install a new PF config containing a 
large number of queues
  
  In general, the time savings come from separating the active and
  inactive queues lists into separate interface and non-interface queue
  lists, and changing the rule and queue tag management from list-based
  to hash-bashed.
  
  In HFSC, a linear scan of the class table during each queue destroy
  was also eliminated.
  
  There are now two new tunables to control the hash size used for each
  tag set (default for each is 128):
  
  net.pf.queue_tag_hashsize
  net.pf.rule_tag_hashsize
  
  Reviewed by:  kp
  MFC after:    1 week
  Sponsored by: RG Nets
  Differential Revision:        https://reviews.freebsd.org/D19131

Modified:
  head/sys/net/altq/altq_cbq.c
  head/sys/net/altq/altq_codel.c
  head/sys/net/altq/altq_fairq.c
  head/sys/net/altq/altq_hfsc.c
  head/sys/net/altq/altq_hfsc.h
  head/sys/net/altq/altq_priq.c
  head/sys/net/altq/altq_subr.c
  head/sys/net/altq/altq_var.h
  head/sys/net/pfvar.h
  head/sys/netpfil/pf/pf.c
  head/sys/netpfil/pf/pf_ioctl.c

Modified: head/sys/net/altq/altq_cbq.c
==============================================================================
--- head/sys/net/altq/altq_cbq.c        Mon Feb 11 04:00:42 2019        
(r343994)
+++ head/sys/net/altq/altq_cbq.c        Mon Feb 11 05:17:31 2019        
(r343995)
@@ -223,12 +223,11 @@ cbq_pfattach(struct pf_altq *a)
 }
 
 int
-cbq_add_altq(struct pf_altq *a)
+cbq_add_altq(struct ifnet *ifp, struct pf_altq *a)
 {
        cbq_state_t     *cbqp;
-       struct ifnet    *ifp;
 
-       if ((ifp = ifunit(a->ifname)) == NULL)
+       if (ifp == NULL)
                return (EINVAL);
        if (!ALTQ_IS_READY(&ifp->if_snd))
                return (ENODEV);

Modified: head/sys/net/altq/altq_codel.c
==============================================================================
--- head/sys/net/altq/altq_codel.c      Mon Feb 11 04:00:42 2019        
(r343994)
+++ head/sys/net/altq/altq_codel.c      Mon Feb 11 05:17:31 2019        
(r343995)
@@ -89,13 +89,12 @@ codel_pfattach(struct pf_altq *a)
 }
 
 int
-codel_add_altq(struct pf_altq *a)
+codel_add_altq(struct ifnet *ifp, struct pf_altq *a)
 {
        struct codel_if *cif;
-       struct ifnet    *ifp;
        struct codel_opts       *opts;
 
-       if ((ifp = ifunit(a->ifname)) == NULL)
+       if (ifp == NULL)
                return (EINVAL);
        if (!ALTQ_IS_READY(&ifp->if_snd))
                return (ENODEV);

Modified: head/sys/net/altq/altq_fairq.c
==============================================================================
--- head/sys/net/altq/altq_fairq.c      Mon Feb 11 04:00:42 2019        
(r343994)
+++ head/sys/net/altq/altq_fairq.c      Mon Feb 11 05:17:31 2019        
(r343995)
@@ -148,12 +148,11 @@ fairq_pfattach(struct pf_altq *a)
 }
 
 int
-fairq_add_altq(struct pf_altq *a)
+fairq_add_altq(struct ifnet *ifp, struct pf_altq *a)
 {
        struct fairq_if *pif;
-       struct ifnet *ifp;
 
-       if ((ifp = ifunit(a->ifname)) == NULL)
+       if (ifp == NULL)
                return (EINVAL);
        if (!ALTQ_IS_READY(&ifp->if_snd))
                return (ENODEV);

Modified: head/sys/net/altq/altq_hfsc.c
==============================================================================
--- head/sys/net/altq/altq_hfsc.c       Mon Feb 11 04:00:42 2019        
(r343994)
+++ head/sys/net/altq/altq_hfsc.c       Mon Feb 11 05:17:31 2019        
(r343995)
@@ -159,12 +159,11 @@ hfsc_pfattach(struct pf_altq *a)
 }
 
 int
-hfsc_add_altq(struct pf_altq *a)
+hfsc_add_altq(struct ifnet *ifp, struct pf_altq *a)
 {
        struct hfsc_if *hif;
-       struct ifnet *ifp;
 
-       if ((ifp = ifunit(a->ifname)) == NULL)
+       if (ifp == NULL)
                return (EINVAL);
        if (!ALTQ_IS_READY(&ifp->if_snd))
                return (ENODEV);
@@ -506,6 +505,7 @@ hfsc_class_create(struct hfsc_if *hif, struct service_
                        goto err_ret;
                }
        }
+       cl->cl_slot = i;
 
        if (flags & HFCF_DEFAULTCLASS)
                hif->hif_defaultclass = cl;
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ hfsc_class_create(struct hfsc_if *hif, struct service_
 static int
 hfsc_class_destroy(struct hfsc_class *cl)
 {
-       int i, s;
+       int s;
 
        if (cl == NULL)
                return (0);
@@ -589,12 +589,7 @@ hfsc_class_destroy(struct hfsc_class *cl)
                ASSERT(p != NULL);
        }
 
-       for (i = 0; i < HFSC_MAX_CLASSES; i++)
-               if (cl->cl_hif->hif_class_tbl[i] == cl) {
-                       cl->cl_hif->hif_class_tbl[i] = NULL;
-                       break;
-               }
-
+       cl->cl_hif->hif_class_tbl[cl->cl_slot] = NULL;
        cl->cl_hif->hif_classes--;
        IFQ_UNLOCK(cl->cl_hif->hif_ifq);
        splx(s);

Modified: head/sys/net/altq/altq_hfsc.h
==============================================================================
--- head/sys/net/altq/altq_hfsc.h       Mon Feb 11 04:00:42 2019        
(r343994)
+++ head/sys/net/altq/altq_hfsc.h       Mon Feb 11 05:17:31 2019        
(r343995)
@@ -214,6 +214,7 @@ struct runtime_sc {
 
 struct hfsc_class {
        u_int           cl_id;          /* class id (just for debug) */
+       u_int           cl_slot;        /* slot in hif class table */
        u_int32_t       cl_handle;      /* class handle */
        struct hfsc_if  *cl_hif;        /* back pointer to struct hfsc_if */
        int             cl_flags;       /* misc flags */

Modified: head/sys/net/altq/altq_priq.c
==============================================================================
--- head/sys/net/altq/altq_priq.c       Mon Feb 11 04:00:42 2019        
(r343994)
+++ head/sys/net/altq/altq_priq.c       Mon Feb 11 05:17:31 2019        
(r343995)
@@ -95,12 +95,11 @@ priq_pfattach(struct pf_altq *a)
 }
 
 int
-priq_add_altq(struct pf_altq *a)
+priq_add_altq(struct ifnet * ifp, struct pf_altq *a)
 {
        struct priq_if  *pif;
-       struct ifnet    *ifp;
 
-       if ((ifp = ifunit(a->ifname)) == NULL)
+       if (ifp == NULL)
                return (EINVAL);
        if (!ALTQ_IS_READY(&ifp->if_snd))
                return (ENODEV);

Modified: head/sys/net/altq/altq_subr.c
==============================================================================
--- head/sys/net/altq/altq_subr.c       Mon Feb 11 04:00:42 2019        
(r343994)
+++ head/sys/net/altq/altq_subr.c       Mon Feb 11 05:17:31 2019        
(r343995)
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ altq_pfdetach(struct pf_altq *a)
  * malloc with WAITOK, also it is not yet clear which lock to use.
  */
 int
-altq_add(struct pf_altq *a)
+altq_add(struct ifnet *ifp, struct pf_altq *a)
 {
        int error = 0;
 
@@ -535,27 +535,27 @@ altq_add(struct pf_altq *a)
        switch (a->scheduler) {
 #ifdef ALTQ_CBQ
        case ALTQT_CBQ:
-               error = cbq_add_altq(a);
+               error = cbq_add_altq(ifp, a);
                break;
 #endif
 #ifdef ALTQ_PRIQ
        case ALTQT_PRIQ:
-               error = priq_add_altq(a);
+               error = priq_add_altq(ifp, a);
                break;
 #endif
 #ifdef ALTQ_HFSC
        case ALTQT_HFSC:
-               error = hfsc_add_altq(a);
+               error = hfsc_add_altq(ifp, a);
                break;
 #endif
 #ifdef ALTQ_FAIRQ
         case ALTQT_FAIRQ:
-                error = fairq_add_altq(a);
+                error = fairq_add_altq(ifp, a);
                 break;
 #endif
 #ifdef ALTQ_CODEL
        case ALTQT_CODEL:
-               error = codel_add_altq(a);
+               error = codel_add_altq(ifp, a);
                break;
 #endif
        default:

Modified: head/sys/net/altq/altq_var.h
==============================================================================
--- head/sys/net/altq/altq_var.h        Mon Feb 11 04:00:42 2019        
(r343994)
+++ head/sys/net/altq/altq_var.h        Mon Feb 11 05:17:31 2019        
(r343995)
@@ -199,40 +199,40 @@ int       tbr_set(struct ifaltq *, struct tb_profile *);
 
 int    altq_pfattach(struct pf_altq *);
 int    altq_pfdetach(struct pf_altq *);
-int    altq_add(struct pf_altq *);
+int    altq_add(struct ifnet *, struct pf_altq *);
 int    altq_remove(struct pf_altq *);
 int    altq_add_queue(struct pf_altq *);
 int    altq_remove_queue(struct pf_altq *);
 int    altq_getqstats(struct pf_altq *, void *, int *, int);
 
 int    cbq_pfattach(struct pf_altq *);
-int    cbq_add_altq(struct pf_altq *);
+int    cbq_add_altq(struct ifnet *, struct pf_altq *);
 int    cbq_remove_altq(struct pf_altq *);
 int    cbq_add_queue(struct pf_altq *);
 int    cbq_remove_queue(struct pf_altq *);
 int    cbq_getqstats(struct pf_altq *, void *, int *, int);
 
 int    codel_pfattach(struct pf_altq *);
-int    codel_add_altq(struct pf_altq *);
+int    codel_add_altq(struct ifnet *, struct pf_altq *);
 int    codel_remove_altq(struct pf_altq *);
 int    codel_getqstats(struct pf_altq *, void *, int *, int);
 
 int    priq_pfattach(struct pf_altq *);
-int    priq_add_altq(struct pf_altq *);
+int    priq_add_altq(struct ifnet *, struct pf_altq *);
 int    priq_remove_altq(struct pf_altq *);
 int    priq_add_queue(struct pf_altq *);
 int    priq_remove_queue(struct pf_altq *);
 int    priq_getqstats(struct pf_altq *, void *, int *, int);
 
 int    hfsc_pfattach(struct pf_altq *);
-int    hfsc_add_altq(struct pf_altq *);
+int    hfsc_add_altq(struct ifnet *, struct pf_altq *);
 int    hfsc_remove_altq(struct pf_altq *);
 int    hfsc_add_queue(struct pf_altq *);
 int    hfsc_remove_queue(struct pf_altq *);
 int    hfsc_getqstats(struct pf_altq *, void *, int *, int);
 
 int    fairq_pfattach(struct pf_altq *);
-int    fairq_add_altq(struct pf_altq *);
+int    fairq_add_altq(struct ifnet *, struct pf_altq *);
 int    fairq_remove_altq(struct pf_altq *);
 int    fairq_add_queue(struct pf_altq *);
 int    fairq_remove_queue(struct pf_altq *);

Modified: head/sys/net/pfvar.h
==============================================================================
--- head/sys/net/pfvar.h        Mon Feb 11 04:00:42 2019        (r343994)
+++ head/sys/net/pfvar.h        Mon Feb 11 05:17:31 2019        (r343995)
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 #include <sys/cpuset.h>
 #include <sys/malloc.h>
 #include <sys/refcount.h>
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
 #include <sys/lock.h>
 #include <sys/rmlock.h>
 #include <sys/tree.h>
@@ -95,6 +96,9 @@ struct pf_addr_wrap {
 
 #ifdef _KERNEL
 
+SYSCTL_DECL(_net_pf);
+MALLOC_DECLARE(M_PFHASH);
+
 struct pfi_dynaddr {
        TAILQ_ENTRY(pfi_dynaddr)         entry;
        struct pf_addr                   pfid_addr4;
@@ -1601,7 +1605,7 @@ VNET_DECLARE(uint64_t, pf_stateid[MAXCPU]);
 #define        V_pf_stateid    VNET(pf_stateid)
 
 TAILQ_HEAD(pf_altqqueue, pf_altq);
-VNET_DECLARE(struct pf_altqqueue,       pf_altqs[2]);
+VNET_DECLARE(struct pf_altqqueue,       pf_altqs[4]);
 #define        V_pf_altqs                       VNET(pf_altqs)
 VNET_DECLARE(struct pf_palist,          pf_pabuf);
 #define        V_pf_pabuf                       VNET(pf_pabuf)
@@ -1616,8 +1620,12 @@ VNET_DECLARE(u_int32_t,                   ticket_pabuf);
 #define        V_ticket_pabuf                   VNET(ticket_pabuf)
 VNET_DECLARE(struct pf_altqqueue *,     pf_altqs_active);
 #define        V_pf_altqs_active                VNET(pf_altqs_active)
+VNET_DECLARE(struct pf_altqqueue *,     pf_altq_ifs_active);
+#define        V_pf_altq_ifs_active             VNET(pf_altq_ifs_active)
 VNET_DECLARE(struct pf_altqqueue *,     pf_altqs_inactive);
 #define        V_pf_altqs_inactive              VNET(pf_altqs_inactive)
+VNET_DECLARE(struct pf_altqqueue *,     pf_altq_ifs_inactive);
+#define        V_pf_altq_ifs_inactive           VNET(pf_altq_ifs_inactive)
 
 VNET_DECLARE(struct pf_rulequeue, pf_unlinked_rules);
 #define        V_pf_unlinked_rules     VNET(pf_unlinked_rules)

Modified: head/sys/netpfil/pf/pf.c
==============================================================================
--- head/sys/netpfil/pf/pf.c    Mon Feb 11 04:00:42 2019        (r343994)
+++ head/sys/netpfil/pf/pf.c    Mon Feb 11 05:17:31 2019        (r343995)
@@ -113,10 +113,12 @@ __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
  */
 
 /* state tables */
-VNET_DEFINE(struct pf_altqqueue,        pf_altqs[2]);
+VNET_DEFINE(struct pf_altqqueue,        pf_altqs[4]);
 VNET_DEFINE(struct pf_palist,           pf_pabuf);
 VNET_DEFINE(struct pf_altqqueue *,      pf_altqs_active);
+VNET_DEFINE(struct pf_altqqueue *,      pf_altq_ifs_active);
 VNET_DEFINE(struct pf_altqqueue *,      pf_altqs_inactive);
+VNET_DEFINE(struct pf_altqqueue *,      pf_altq_ifs_inactive);
 VNET_DEFINE(struct pf_kstatus,          pf_status);
 
 VNET_DEFINE(u_int32_t,                  ticket_altqs_active);
@@ -358,7 +360,7 @@ VNET_DEFINE(struct pf_limit, pf_limits[PF_LIMIT_MAX]);
                counter_u64_add(s->rule.ptr->states_cur, -1);           \
        } while (0)
 
-static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_PFHASH, "pf_hash", "pf(4) hash header structures");
+MALLOC_DEFINE(M_PFHASH, "pf_hash", "pf(4) hash header structures");
 VNET_DEFINE(struct pf_keyhash *, pf_keyhash);
 VNET_DEFINE(struct pf_idhash *, pf_idhash);
 VNET_DEFINE(struct pf_srchash *, pf_srchash);
@@ -860,9 +862,13 @@ pf_initialize()
        /* ALTQ */
        TAILQ_INIT(&V_pf_altqs[0]);
        TAILQ_INIT(&V_pf_altqs[1]);
+       TAILQ_INIT(&V_pf_altqs[2]);
+       TAILQ_INIT(&V_pf_altqs[3]);
        TAILQ_INIT(&V_pf_pabuf);
        V_pf_altqs_active = &V_pf_altqs[0];
-       V_pf_altqs_inactive = &V_pf_altqs[1];
+       V_pf_altq_ifs_active = &V_pf_altqs[1];
+       V_pf_altqs_inactive = &V_pf_altqs[2];
+       V_pf_altq_ifs_inactive = &V_pf_altqs[3];
 
        /* Send & overload+flush queues. */
        STAILQ_INIT(&V_pf_sendqueue);

Modified: head/sys/netpfil/pf/pf_ioctl.c
==============================================================================
--- head/sys/netpfil/pf/pf_ioctl.c      Mon Feb 11 04:00:42 2019        
(r343994)
+++ head/sys/netpfil/pf/pf_ioctl.c      Mon Feb 11 05:17:31 2019        
(r343995)
@@ -46,11 +46,14 @@ __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
 #include "opt_pf.h"
 
 #include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/_bitset.h>
+#include <sys/bitset.h>
 #include <sys/bus.h>
 #include <sys/conf.h>
 #include <sys/endian.h>
 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
 #include <sys/filio.h>
+#include <sys/hash.h>
 #include <sys/interrupt.h>
 #include <sys/jail.h>
 #include <sys/kernel.h>
@@ -129,18 +132,40 @@ VNET_DEFINE_STATIC(int,           pf_altq_running);
 
 #define        TAGID_MAX        50000
 struct pf_tagname {
-       TAILQ_ENTRY(pf_tagname) entries;
+       TAILQ_ENTRY(pf_tagname) namehash_entries;
+       TAILQ_ENTRY(pf_tagname) taghash_entries;
        char                    name[PF_TAG_NAME_SIZE];
        uint16_t                tag;
        int                     ref;
 };
 
-TAILQ_HEAD(pf_tags, pf_tagname);
-#define        V_pf_tags               VNET(pf_tags)
-VNET_DEFINE(struct pf_tags, pf_tags);
-#define        V_pf_qids               VNET(pf_qids)
-VNET_DEFINE(struct pf_tags, pf_qids);
-static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_PFTAG, "pf_tag", "pf(4) tag names");
+struct pf_tagset {
+       TAILQ_HEAD(, pf_tagname)        *namehash;
+       TAILQ_HEAD(, pf_tagname)        *taghash;
+       unsigned int                     mask;
+       uint32_t                         seed;
+       BITSET_DEFINE(, TAGID_MAX)       avail;
+};
+
+VNET_DEFINE(struct pf_tagset, pf_tags);
+#define        V_pf_tags       VNET(pf_tags)
+static unsigned int    pf_rule_tag_hashsize;
+#define        PF_RULE_TAG_HASH_SIZE_DEFAULT   128
+SYSCTL_UINT(_net_pf, OID_AUTO, rule_tag_hashsize, CTLFLAG_RDTUN,
+    &pf_rule_tag_hashsize, PF_RULE_TAG_HASH_SIZE_DEFAULT,
+    "Size of pf(4) rule tag hashtable");
+
+#ifdef ALTQ
+VNET_DEFINE(struct pf_tagset, pf_qids);
+#define        V_pf_qids       VNET(pf_qids)
+static unsigned int    pf_queue_tag_hashsize;
+#define        PF_QUEUE_TAG_HASH_SIZE_DEFAULT  128
+SYSCTL_UINT(_net_pf, OID_AUTO, queue_tag_hashsize, CTLFLAG_RDTUN,
+    &pf_queue_tag_hashsize, PF_QUEUE_TAG_HASH_SIZE_DEFAULT,
+    "Size of pf(4) queue tag hashtable");
+#endif
+VNET_DEFINE(uma_zone_t,         pf_tag_z);
+#define        V_pf_tag_z               VNET(pf_tag_z)
 static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_PFALTQ, "pf_altq", "pf(4) altq configuration db");
 static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_PFRULE, "pf_rule", "pf(4) rules");
 
@@ -148,9 +173,14 @@ static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_PFRULE, "pf_rule", "pf(4) rules
 #error PF_QNAME_SIZE must be equal to PF_TAG_NAME_SIZE
 #endif
 
-static u_int16_t        tagname2tag(struct pf_tags *, char *);
+static void             pf_init_tagset(struct pf_tagset *, unsigned int *,
+                           unsigned int);
+static void             pf_cleanup_tagset(struct pf_tagset *);
+static uint16_t                 tagname2hashindex(const struct pf_tagset *, 
const char *);
+static uint16_t                 tag2hashindex(const struct pf_tagset *, 
uint16_t);
+static u_int16_t        tagname2tag(struct pf_tagset *, char *);
 static u_int16_t        pf_tagname2tag(char *);
-static void             tag_unref(struct pf_tags *, u_int16_t);
+static void             tag_unref(struct pf_tagset *, u_int16_t);
 
 #define DPFPRINTF(n, x) if (V_pf_status.debug >= (n)) printf x
 
@@ -436,68 +466,141 @@ pf_free_rule(struct pf_rule *rule)
        free(rule, M_PFRULE);
 }
 
+static void
+pf_init_tagset(struct pf_tagset *ts, unsigned int *tunable_size,
+    unsigned int default_size)
+{
+       unsigned int i;
+       unsigned int hashsize;
+       
+       if (*tunable_size == 0 || !powerof2(*tunable_size))
+               *tunable_size = default_size;
+
+       hashsize = *tunable_size;
+       ts->namehash = mallocarray(hashsize, sizeof(*ts->namehash), M_PFHASH,
+           M_WAITOK);
+       ts->taghash = mallocarray(hashsize, sizeof(*ts->taghash), M_PFHASH,
+           M_WAITOK);
+       ts->mask = hashsize - 1;
+       ts->seed = arc4random();
+       for (i = 0; i < hashsize; i++) {
+               TAILQ_INIT(&ts->namehash[i]);
+               TAILQ_INIT(&ts->taghash[i]);
+       }
+       BIT_FILL(TAGID_MAX, &ts->avail);
+}
+
+static void
+pf_cleanup_tagset(struct pf_tagset *ts)
+{
+       unsigned int i;
+       unsigned int hashsize;
+       struct pf_tagname *t, *tmp;
+
+       /*
+        * Only need to clean up one of the hashes as each tag is hashed
+        * into each table.
+        */
+       hashsize = ts->mask + 1;
+       for (i = 0; i < hashsize; i++)
+               TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(t, &ts->namehash[i], namehash_entries, tmp)
+                       uma_zfree(V_pf_tag_z, t);
+
+       free(ts->namehash, M_PFHASH);
+       free(ts->taghash, M_PFHASH);
+}
+
+static uint16_t
+tagname2hashindex(const struct pf_tagset *ts, const char *tagname)
+{
+
+       return (murmur3_32_hash(tagname, strlen(tagname), ts->seed) & ts->mask);
+}
+
+static uint16_t
+tag2hashindex(const struct pf_tagset *ts, uint16_t tag)
+{
+
+       return (tag & ts->mask);
+}
+
 static u_int16_t
-tagname2tag(struct pf_tags *head, char *tagname)
+tagname2tag(struct pf_tagset *ts, char *tagname)
 {
-       struct pf_tagname       *tag, *p = NULL;
-       u_int16_t                new_tagid = 1;
+       struct pf_tagname       *tag;
+       u_int32_t                index;
+       u_int16_t                new_tagid;
 
        PF_RULES_WASSERT();
 
-       TAILQ_FOREACH(tag, head, entries)
+       index = tagname2hashindex(ts, tagname);
+       TAILQ_FOREACH(tag, &ts->namehash[index], namehash_entries)
                if (strcmp(tagname, tag->name) == 0) {
                        tag->ref++;
                        return (tag->tag);
                }
 
        /*
+        * new entry
+        *
         * to avoid fragmentation, we do a linear search from the beginning
-        * and take the first free slot we find. if there is none or the list
-        * is empty, append a new entry at the end.
+        * and take the first free slot we find.
         */
-
-       /* new entry */
-       if (!TAILQ_EMPTY(head))
-               for (p = TAILQ_FIRST(head); p != NULL &&
-                   p->tag == new_tagid; p = TAILQ_NEXT(p, entries))
-                       new_tagid = p->tag + 1;
-
-       if (new_tagid > TAGID_MAX)
+       new_tagid = BIT_FFS(TAGID_MAX, &ts->avail);
+       /*
+        * Tags are 1-based, with valid tags in the range [1..TAGID_MAX].
+        * BIT_FFS() returns a 1-based bit number, with 0 indicating no bits
+        * set.  It may also return a bit number greater than TAGID_MAX due
+        * to rounding of the number of bits in the vector up to a multiple
+        * of the vector word size at declaration/allocation time.
+        */
+       if ((new_tagid == 0) || (new_tagid > TAGID_MAX))
                return (0);
 
+       /* Mark the tag as in use.  Bits are 0-based for BIT_CLR() */
+       BIT_CLR(TAGID_MAX, new_tagid - 1, &ts->avail);
+       
        /* allocate and fill new struct pf_tagname */
-       tag = malloc(sizeof(*tag), M_PFTAG, M_NOWAIT|M_ZERO);
+       tag = uma_zalloc(V_pf_tag_z, M_NOWAIT);
        if (tag == NULL)
                return (0);
        strlcpy(tag->name, tagname, sizeof(tag->name));
        tag->tag = new_tagid;
-       tag->ref++;
+       tag->ref = 1;
 
-       if (p != NULL)  /* insert new entry before p */
-               TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(p, tag, entries);
-       else    /* either list empty or no free slot in between */
-               TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(head, tag, entries);
+       /* Insert into namehash */
+       TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&ts->namehash[index], tag, namehash_entries);
 
+       /* Insert into taghash */
+       index = tag2hashindex(ts, new_tagid);
+       TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&ts->taghash[index], tag, taghash_entries);
+       
        return (tag->tag);
 }
 
 static void
-tag_unref(struct pf_tags *head, u_int16_t tag)
+tag_unref(struct pf_tagset *ts, u_int16_t tag)
 {
-       struct pf_tagname       *p, *next;
-
+       struct pf_tagname       *t;
+       uint16_t                 index;
+       
        PF_RULES_WASSERT();
 
-       for (p = TAILQ_FIRST(head); p != NULL; p = next) {
-               next = TAILQ_NEXT(p, entries);
-               if (tag == p->tag) {
-                       if (--p->ref == 0) {
-                               TAILQ_REMOVE(head, p, entries);
-                               free(p, M_PFTAG);
+       index = tag2hashindex(ts, tag);
+       TAILQ_FOREACH(t, &ts->taghash[index], taghash_entries)
+               if (tag == t->tag) {
+                       if (--t->ref == 0) {
+                               TAILQ_REMOVE(&ts->taghash[index], t,
+                                   taghash_entries);
+                               index = tagname2hashindex(ts, t->name);
+                               TAILQ_REMOVE(&ts->namehash[index], t,
+                                   namehash_entries);
+                               /* Bits are 0-based for BIT_SET() */
+                               BIT_SET(TAGID_MAX, tag - 1, &ts->avail);
+                               uma_zfree(V_pf_tag_z, t);
                        }
                        break;
                }
-       }
 }
 
 static u_int16_t
@@ -522,22 +625,25 @@ pf_qid_unref(u_int32_t qid)
 static int
 pf_begin_altq(u_int32_t *ticket)
 {
-       struct pf_altq  *altq;
+       struct pf_altq  *altq, *tmp;
        int              error = 0;
 
        PF_RULES_WASSERT();
 
-       /* Purge the old altq list */
-       while ((altq = TAILQ_FIRST(V_pf_altqs_inactive)) != NULL) {
-               TAILQ_REMOVE(V_pf_altqs_inactive, altq, entries);
-               if (altq->qname[0] == 0 &&
-                   (altq->local_flags & PFALTQ_FLAG_IF_REMOVED) == 0) {
+       /* Purge the old altq lists */
+       TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(altq, V_pf_altq_ifs_inactive, entries, tmp) {
+               if ((altq->local_flags & PFALTQ_FLAG_IF_REMOVED) == 0) {
                        /* detach and destroy the discipline */
                        error = altq_remove(altq);
-               } else
-                       pf_qid_unref(altq->qid);
+               }
                free(altq, M_PFALTQ);
        }
+       TAILQ_INIT(V_pf_altq_ifs_inactive);
+       TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(altq, V_pf_altqs_inactive, entries, tmp) {
+               pf_qid_unref(altq->qid);
+               free(altq, M_PFALTQ);
+       }
+       TAILQ_INIT(V_pf_altqs_inactive);
        if (error)
                return (error);
        *ticket = ++V_ticket_altqs_inactive;
@@ -548,24 +654,27 @@ pf_begin_altq(u_int32_t *ticket)
 static int
 pf_rollback_altq(u_int32_t ticket)
 {
-       struct pf_altq  *altq;
+       struct pf_altq  *altq, *tmp;
        int              error = 0;
 
        PF_RULES_WASSERT();
 
        if (!V_altqs_inactive_open || ticket != V_ticket_altqs_inactive)
                return (0);
-       /* Purge the old altq list */
-       while ((altq = TAILQ_FIRST(V_pf_altqs_inactive)) != NULL) {
-               TAILQ_REMOVE(V_pf_altqs_inactive, altq, entries);
-               if (altq->qname[0] == 0 &&
-                  (altq->local_flags & PFALTQ_FLAG_IF_REMOVED) == 0) {
+       /* Purge the old altq lists */
+       TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(altq, V_pf_altq_ifs_inactive, entries, tmp) {
+               if ((altq->local_flags & PFALTQ_FLAG_IF_REMOVED) == 0) {
                        /* detach and destroy the discipline */
                        error = altq_remove(altq);
-               } else
-                       pf_qid_unref(altq->qid);
+               }
                free(altq, M_PFALTQ);
        }
+       TAILQ_INIT(V_pf_altq_ifs_inactive);
+       TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(altq, V_pf_altqs_inactive, entries, tmp) {
+               pf_qid_unref(altq->qid);
+               free(altq, M_PFALTQ);
+       }
+       TAILQ_INIT(V_pf_altqs_inactive);
        V_altqs_inactive_open = 0;
        return (error);
 }
@@ -573,8 +682,8 @@ pf_rollback_altq(u_int32_t ticket)
 static int
 pf_commit_altq(u_int32_t ticket)
 {
-       struct pf_altqqueue     *old_altqs;
-       struct pf_altq          *altq;
+       struct pf_altqqueue     *old_altqs, *old_altq_ifs;
+       struct pf_altq          *altq, *tmp;
        int                      err, error = 0;
 
        PF_RULES_WASSERT();
@@ -584,14 +693,16 @@ pf_commit_altq(u_int32_t ticket)
 
        /* swap altqs, keep the old. */
        old_altqs = V_pf_altqs_active;
+       old_altq_ifs = V_pf_altq_ifs_active;
        V_pf_altqs_active = V_pf_altqs_inactive;
+       V_pf_altq_ifs_active = V_pf_altq_ifs_inactive;
        V_pf_altqs_inactive = old_altqs;
+       V_pf_altq_ifs_inactive = old_altq_ifs;
        V_ticket_altqs_active = V_ticket_altqs_inactive;
 
        /* Attach new disciplines */
-       TAILQ_FOREACH(altq, V_pf_altqs_active, entries) {
-       if (altq->qname[0] == 0 &&
-          (altq->local_flags & PFALTQ_FLAG_IF_REMOVED) == 0) {
+       TAILQ_FOREACH(altq, V_pf_altq_ifs_active, entries) {
+               if ((altq->local_flags & PFALTQ_FLAG_IF_REMOVED) == 0) {
                        /* attach the discipline */
                        error = altq_pfattach(altq);
                        if (error == 0 && V_pf_altq_running)
@@ -601,11 +712,9 @@ pf_commit_altq(u_int32_t ticket)
                }
        }
 
-       /* Purge the old altq list */
-       while ((altq = TAILQ_FIRST(V_pf_altqs_inactive)) != NULL) {
-               TAILQ_REMOVE(V_pf_altqs_inactive, altq, entries);
-               if (altq->qname[0] == 0 &&
-                   (altq->local_flags & PFALTQ_FLAG_IF_REMOVED) == 0) {
+       /* Purge the old altq lists */
+       TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(altq, V_pf_altq_ifs_inactive, entries, tmp) {
+               if ((altq->local_flags & PFALTQ_FLAG_IF_REMOVED) == 0) {
                        /* detach and destroy the discipline */
                        if (V_pf_altq_running)
                                error = pf_disable_altq(altq);
@@ -615,10 +724,15 @@ pf_commit_altq(u_int32_t ticket)
                        err = altq_remove(altq);
                        if (err != 0 && error == 0)
                                error = err;
-               } else
-                       pf_qid_unref(altq->qid);
+               }
                free(altq, M_PFALTQ);
        }
+       TAILQ_INIT(V_pf_altq_ifs_inactive);
+       TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(altq, V_pf_altqs_inactive, entries, tmp) {
+               pf_qid_unref(altq->qid);
+               free(altq, M_PFALTQ);
+       }
+       TAILQ_INIT(V_pf_altqs_inactive);
 
        V_altqs_inactive_open = 0;
        return (error);
@@ -675,10 +789,34 @@ pf_disable_altq(struct pf_altq *altq)
        return (error);
 }
 
+static int
+pf_altq_ifnet_event_add(struct ifnet *ifp, int remove, u_int32_t ticket,
+    struct pf_altq *altq)
+{
+       struct ifnet    *ifp1;
+       int              error = 0;
+       
+       /* Deactivate the interface in question */
+       altq->local_flags &= ~PFALTQ_FLAG_IF_REMOVED;
+       if ((ifp1 = ifunit(altq->ifname)) == NULL ||
+           (remove && ifp1 == ifp)) {
+               altq->local_flags |= PFALTQ_FLAG_IF_REMOVED;
+       } else {
+               error = altq_add(ifp1, altq);
+
+               if (ticket != V_ticket_altqs_inactive)
+                       error = EBUSY;
+
+               if (error)
+                       free(altq, M_PFALTQ);
+       }
+
+       return (error);
+}
+
 void
 pf_altq_ifnet_event(struct ifnet *ifp, int remove)
 {
-       struct ifnet    *ifp1;
        struct pf_altq  *a1, *a2, *a3;
        u_int32_t        ticket;
        int              error = 0;
@@ -700,7 +838,7 @@ pf_altq_ifnet_event(struct ifnet *ifp, int remove)
                return;
 
        /* Copy the current active set */
-       TAILQ_FOREACH(a1, V_pf_altqs_active, entries) {
+       TAILQ_FOREACH(a1, V_pf_altq_ifs_active, entries) {
                a2 = malloc(sizeof(*a2), M_PFALTQ, M_NOWAIT);
                if (a2 == NULL) {
                        error = ENOMEM;
@@ -708,41 +846,43 @@ pf_altq_ifnet_event(struct ifnet *ifp, int remove)
                }
                bcopy(a1, a2, sizeof(struct pf_altq));
 
-               if (a2->qname[0] != 0) {
-                       if ((a2->qid = pf_qname2qid(a2->qname)) == 0) {
-                               error = EBUSY;
-                               free(a2, M_PFALTQ);
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       a2->altq_disc = NULL;
-                       TAILQ_FOREACH(a3, V_pf_altqs_inactive, entries) {
-                               if (strncmp(a3->ifname, a2->ifname,
-                                   IFNAMSIZ) == 0 && a3->qname[0] == 0) {
-                                       a2->altq_disc = a3->altq_disc;
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                       }
+               error = pf_altq_ifnet_event_add(ifp, remove, ticket, a2);
+               if (error)
+                       break;
+
+               TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(V_pf_altq_ifs_inactive, a2, entries);
+       }
+       if (error)
+               goto out;
+       TAILQ_FOREACH(a1, V_pf_altqs_active, entries) {
+               a2 = malloc(sizeof(*a2), M_PFALTQ, M_NOWAIT);
+               if (a2 == NULL) {
+                       error = ENOMEM;
+                       break;
                }
-               /* Deactivate the interface in question */
-               a2->local_flags &= ~PFALTQ_FLAG_IF_REMOVED;
-               if ((ifp1 = ifunit(a2->ifname)) == NULL ||
-                   (remove && ifp1 == ifp)) {
-                       a2->local_flags |= PFALTQ_FLAG_IF_REMOVED;
-               } else {
-                       error = altq_add(a2);
+               bcopy(a1, a2, sizeof(struct pf_altq));
 
-                       if (ticket != V_ticket_altqs_inactive)
-                               error = EBUSY;
-
-                       if (error) {
-                               free(a2, M_PFALTQ);
+               if ((a2->qid = pf_qname2qid(a2->qname)) == 0) {
+                       error = EBUSY;
+                       free(a2, M_PFALTQ);
+                       break;
+               }
+               a2->altq_disc = NULL;
+               TAILQ_FOREACH(a3, V_pf_altq_ifs_inactive, entries) {
+                       if (strncmp(a3->ifname, a2->ifname,
+                               IFNAMSIZ) == 0) {
+                               a2->altq_disc = a3->altq_disc;
                                break;
                        }
                }
+               error = pf_altq_ifnet_event_add(ifp, remove, ticket, a2);
+               if (error)
+                       break;
 
                TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(V_pf_altqs_inactive, a2, entries);
        }
 
+out:
        if (error != 0)
                pf_rollback_altq(ticket);
        else
@@ -1222,6 +1362,28 @@ pf_import_kaltq(struct pfioc_altq_v1 *pa, struct pf_al
 }
 #endif /* ALTQ */
 
+static struct pf_altq *
+pf_altq_get_nth_active(u_int32_t n)
+{
+       struct pf_altq          *altq;
+       u_int32_t                nr;
+
+       nr = 0;
+       TAILQ_FOREACH(altq, V_pf_altq_ifs_active, entries) {
+               if (nr == n)
+                       return (altq);
+               nr++;
+       }
+
+       TAILQ_FOREACH(altq, V_pf_altqs_active, entries) {
+               if (nr == n)
+                       return (altq);
+               nr++;
+       }
+
+       return (NULL);
+}
+
 static int
 pfioctl(struct cdev *dev, u_long cmd, caddr_t addr, int flags, struct thread 
*td)
 {
@@ -2269,9 +2431,8 @@ DIOCGETSTATES_full:
 
                PF_RULES_WLOCK();
                /* enable all altq interfaces on active list */
-               TAILQ_FOREACH(altq, V_pf_altqs_active, entries) {
-                       if (altq->qname[0] == 0 && (altq->local_flags &
-                           PFALTQ_FLAG_IF_REMOVED) == 0) {
+               TAILQ_FOREACH(altq, V_pf_altq_ifs_active, entries) {
+                       if ((altq->local_flags & PFALTQ_FLAG_IF_REMOVED) == 0) {
                                error = pf_enable_altq(altq);
                                if (error != 0)
                                        break;
@@ -2289,9 +2450,8 @@ DIOCGETSTATES_full:
 
                PF_RULES_WLOCK();
                /* disable all altq interfaces on active list */
-               TAILQ_FOREACH(altq, V_pf_altqs_active, entries) {
-                       if (altq->qname[0] == 0 && (altq->local_flags &
-                           PFALTQ_FLAG_IF_REMOVED) == 0) {
+               TAILQ_FOREACH(altq, V_pf_altq_ifs_active, entries) {
+                       if ((altq->local_flags & PFALTQ_FLAG_IF_REMOVED) == 0) {
                                error = pf_disable_altq(altq);
                                if (error != 0)
                                        break;
@@ -2336,9 +2496,9 @@ DIOCGETSTATES_full:
                                break;
                        }
                        altq->altq_disc = NULL;
-                       TAILQ_FOREACH(a, V_pf_altqs_inactive, entries) {
+                       TAILQ_FOREACH(a, V_pf_altq_ifs_inactive, entries) {
                                if (strncmp(a->ifname, altq->ifname,
-                                   IFNAMSIZ) == 0 && a->qname[0] == 0) {
+                                   IFNAMSIZ) == 0) {
                                        altq->altq_disc = a->altq_disc;
                                        break;
                                }
@@ -2348,7 +2508,7 @@ DIOCGETSTATES_full:
                if ((ifp = ifunit(altq->ifname)) == NULL)
                        altq->local_flags |= PFALTQ_FLAG_IF_REMOVED;
                else
-                       error = altq_add(altq);
+                       error = altq_add(ifp, altq);
 
                if (error) {
                        PF_RULES_WUNLOCK();
@@ -2356,7 +2516,10 @@ DIOCGETSTATES_full:
                        break;
                }
 
-               TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(V_pf_altqs_inactive, altq, entries);
+               if (altq->qname[0] != 0)
+                       TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(V_pf_altqs_inactive, altq, entries);
+               else
+                       TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(V_pf_altq_ifs_inactive, altq, 
entries);
                /* version error check done on import above */
                pf_export_kaltq(altq, pa, IOCPARM_LEN(cmd));
                PF_RULES_WUNLOCK();
@@ -2370,6 +2533,8 @@ DIOCGETSTATES_full:
 
                PF_RULES_RLOCK();
                pa->nr = 0;
+               TAILQ_FOREACH(altq, V_pf_altq_ifs_active, entries)
+                       pa->nr++;
                TAILQ_FOREACH(altq, V_pf_altqs_active, entries)
                        pa->nr++;
                pa->ticket = V_ticket_altqs_active;
@@ -2381,7 +2546,6 @@ DIOCGETSTATES_full:
        case DIOCGETALTQV1: {
                struct pfioc_altq_v1    *pa = (struct pfioc_altq_v1 *)addr;
                struct pf_altq          *altq;
-               u_int32_t                nr;
 
                PF_RULES_RLOCK();
                if (pa->ticket != V_ticket_altqs_active) {
@@ -2389,12 +2553,7 @@ DIOCGETSTATES_full:
                        error = EBUSY;
                        break;
                }
-               nr = 0;
-               altq = TAILQ_FIRST(V_pf_altqs_active);
-               while ((altq != NULL) && (nr < pa->nr)) {
-                       altq = TAILQ_NEXT(altq, entries);
-                       nr++;
-               }
+               altq = pf_altq_get_nth_active(pa->nr);
                if (altq == NULL) {
                        PF_RULES_RUNLOCK();
                        error = EBUSY;
@@ -2415,7 +2574,6 @@ DIOCGETSTATES_full:
        case DIOCGETQSTATSV1: {
                struct pfioc_qstats_v1  *pq = (struct pfioc_qstats_v1 *)addr;
                struct pf_altq          *altq;
-               u_int32_t                nr;
                int                      nbytes;
                u_int32_t                version;
 
@@ -2426,12 +2584,7 @@ DIOCGETSTATES_full:
                        break;
                }
                nbytes = pq->nbytes;
-               nr = 0;
-               altq = TAILQ_FIRST(V_pf_altqs_active);
-               while ((altq != NULL) && (nr < pq->nr)) {
-                       altq = TAILQ_NEXT(altq, entries);
-                       nr++;
-               }
+               altq = pf_altq_get_nth_active(pq->nr);
                if (altq == NULL) {
                        PF_RULES_RUNLOCK();
                        error = EBUSY;
@@ -4173,9 +4326,16 @@ dehook_pf(void)
 static void
 pf_load_vnet(void)
 {
-       TAILQ_INIT(&V_pf_tags);
-       TAILQ_INIT(&V_pf_qids);
+       V_pf_tag_z = uma_zcreate("pf tags", sizeof(struct pf_tagname),
+           NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, UMA_ALIGN_PTR, 0);
 
+       pf_init_tagset(&V_pf_tags, &pf_rule_tag_hashsize,
+           PF_RULE_TAG_HASH_SIZE_DEFAULT);
+#ifdef ALTQ
+       pf_init_tagset(&V_pf_qids, &pf_queue_tag_hashsize,
+           PF_QUEUE_TAG_HASH_SIZE_DEFAULT);
+#endif
+
        pfattach_vnet();
        V_pf_vnet_active = 1;
 }
@@ -4240,6 +4400,12 @@ pf_unload_vnet(void)
        pf_cleanup();
        if (IS_DEFAULT_VNET(curvnet))
                pf_mtag_cleanup();
+
+       pf_cleanup_tagset(&V_pf_tags);
+#ifdef ALTQ
+       pf_cleanup_tagset(&V_pf_qids);
+#endif
+       uma_zdestroy(V_pf_tag_z);
 
        /* Free counters last as we updated them during shutdown. */
        counter_u64_free(V_pf_default_rule.states_cur);
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