Thank you for the sharing how you solve this problem! It seems like the best
workaround so far.
I wish $0 can be replaced by the actual name. (Maybe tuples?)
let a = (x: x, y: y)
let result = a.my_map { foo(x: $0.x, y: $0.y }
In my_map unwrap all variables inside tuple?
I agree that short-circuiting is an issue. But personally I still think the
imperfect solution is good enough. But I'll try to find other possible
solutions.
Sincerely,
Justin
> On Aug 16, 2016, at 11:47 PM, Félix Cloutier <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> I use map/flatMap when I have an optional parameter to a method:
>
> let result = x.map { foo.bar(x: $0) }
>
> My only grief is that it doesn't work too well when you have many optionals
> that you want to unwrap and use as parameters.
>
> I tend to agree that short-circuiting call expressions from their arguments
> could be confusing, especially for functions that take a lot of parameters
> (5+, which is not that uncommon in Cocoa), and even more so when you have
> many short-circuiting parameters. I can see that it wouldn't be too obvious
> why a function isn't called. With || and &&, the reason that the next
> condition is called or not is extremely clear.
>
> You could argue that a short-circuiting && wouldn't make consensus (even
> though I think it would), but replacing a short-circuiting || results in much
> uglier code than the code that you're trying to get around with this new
> short-circuiting argument construct.
>
> Félix
>
>> Le 16 août 2016 à 08:31:50, Xiaodi Wu via swift-evolution
>> <[email protected]> a écrit :
>>
>> We don't design the language in a vacuum. If statements can short-circuit
>> and function calls can't. You are proposing a function call that can
>> short-circuit. This severely violates user expectations.
>> On Tue, Aug 16, 2016 at 10:03 Justin Jia <[email protected]>
>> wrote:
>>> I will reply both of your email in this simple email.
>>>
>>>
>>>> On Aug 16, 2016, at 10:26 PM, Xiaodi Wu <[email protected]> wrote:
>>>>
>>>> Top-replying because Google is forcing me to:
>>>>
>>>> If you want to print an error for all early exits, declare a variable to
>>>> keep track of exit status such as `var isEarlyExit = false`, then use a
>>>> defer block that prints `error` only after checking `isEarlyExit` (or, you
>>>> know, design your code so that `error` itself would be nil if you're
>>>> exiting without an error).
>>>
>>> IMHO `var is EarlyExist = false` is really ugly. Sometimes we can’t design
>>> our code so that `error` itself would be nil if existing without an error
>>> simply because we de depending on Cocoa Touch and many third party
>>> frameworks.
>>>
>>>> It is not "really bad" if your code "fails" unless the lines of code are
>>>> executed in the explicitly written order. There are no tricks hidden in
>>>> that behavior: lines of code are *supposed* to be executed from top to
>>>> bottom in the absence of a control flow statement, because Swift is a
>>>> procedural programming language. Proceeding from one line to the next is
>>>> the absolute most primitive flow of control.
>>>
>>> Not always, but sometimes. Maybe I should say it’s “better” if changing the
>>> order of the code won’t produce any unintentional behaviors? We are talking
>>> about how to improve Swift, right?
>>>
>>>> `guard` and `defer` were introduced in a later version of Swift to solve a
>>>> practical problem encountered in daily use, the nested pyramid of doom
>>>> from too many `if let` blocks. The point is that `guard` and `defer`
>>>> together constitute an ingenious and *complete* solution to that problem;
>>>> you have not shown me any scenario that cannot be trivially refactored to
>>>> avoid nested blocks using these two language constructs. So more sugar is
>>>> not necessary to solve this problem.
>>>
>>> Well, it’s Turing Complete. I can’t argue against it. But I can give you an
>>> example that needs multiple defer. I think this greatly hinders
>>> readability. Also, I think making our code less order independent is
>>> already important enough.
>>>
>>>> "This is not explicit enough" *is* an argument against almost any sugar
>>>> you can propose. I think you are seeing why the core team is actively
>>>> discouraging sugar proposals on this list. Unless something comes along
>>>> that totally blows the alternative out of the water, I'm inclined to agree
>>>> that more sugar is almost a non-goal for Swift.
>>>>
>>>> (What would be something that could change my mind? Here would be my
>>>> criteria:
>>>>
>>>> * The non-sugared version is extremely painful to write (>>5 LOC, maybe
>>>> >>20), difficult to write correctly, and even if correctly written, does
>>>> not express the intended solution clearly to the reader.
>>>
>>> I don’t know how many time you spent on writing swift code in the past. I
>>> also don’t know whether your code depends on Cocoa or not. At least,
>>> personally, this is the no.1 request in my wish list. I think `if let` is
>>> extremely painful to write (not because >>20, but because it occurs too
>>> often and keeps bugging me). Maybe you feel differently. Then it’s really
>>> hard for me to convince you and it’s also really hard for you to convince
>>> me. Time will tell how many developers want this feature.
>>>
>>>> * There is a single, overwhelmingly obvious, universally or nearly
>>>> universally appropriate solution, and the proposed sugar would always be a
>>>> shorthand for that one solution.
>>>
>>> If we choose to reinvent if statements, short-circuiting will not be a
>>> nearly universally appreciate solution. Not even close.
>>>
>>>> Something like a copy-on-write attribute would fit the bill, because good
>>>> luck implementing that by hand over and over again, and if you're a reader
>>>> of code, good luck verifying that all that code does what you think.)
>>>
>>> Maybe. But’s that’s another story.
>>>
>>>> I have already explained why your proposal is not at all like optional
>>>> chaining. Your proposal hides complicated control flow changes, but
>>>> optional chaining does not.
>>>>
>>>> It does not do you any good to argue that "most people won't nest
>>>> functions inside functions". First of all, that's an unbelievable claim.
>>>> Second of all, computed properties can have side effects, since they are
>>>> essentially functions under the hood. Have you never referred to `foo.bar`
>>>> inside a function call? You literally cannot know if a property is
>>>> computed, potentially with side effects, unless you inspect the source
>>>> code. Thus, a programmer cannot know if they "choose to nest functions
>>>> inside functions". It does not matter if they are a genius.
>>>
>>>
>>> Same apply to if statement. IMO, this paragraph can be used to argue
>>> against all statements that will short-circuit in some way. I’m still not
>>> convinced why `if` can be used but the proposed solution can’t.
>>>
>>>> On Mon, Aug 15, 2016 at 23:56 Justin Jia <[email protected]>
>>>> wrote:
>>>>>> On Aug 16, 2016, at 1:51 AM, Xiaodi Wu <[email protected]> wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On Mon, Aug 15, 2016 at 12:31 PM, Justin Jia
>>>>>>> <[email protected]> wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Since you mentioned do and defer:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>> func foo(wantsToBreak: Bool) {
>>>>>>> out: do {
>>>>>>> defer { print("Hello, world!") }
>>>>>>> guard wantsToBreak else { break out }
>>>>>>> }
>>>>>>> print("End of function.")
>>>>>>> }
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> foo(wantsToBreak: true) // Output: Hello, world!\nEnd of function.
>>>>>>> foo(wantsToBreak: false) // Output: Hello, world!\nEnd of function.
>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Do you think this is confusing?
>>>>>>
>>>>>> No, I don't. But I also don't see why you would put `defer` inside `do`
>>>>>> like that. `defer` and `guard` can be used profitably without nesting
>>>>>> inside blocks.
>>>>>
>>>>> Because I don’t want `defer` to execute outside do block. Let me give you
>>>>> a simplified example: I wanted to print error for all early exits except
>>>>> normal return (reaches last line). I would like to use defer otherwise I
>>>>> need to write `else { print(error); return }` for all guards. The
>>>>> intuitive way of achieving this for me was to nest defer inside do
>>>>> blocks. But it turned out that defer will be executed even if you choose
>>>>> to break a block. I’m not arguing this is a bad design decision. My point
>>>>> is: sometimes non-intuitive design decisions are non-avoidable.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> At least it confused me in the fast. However, defer is still very
>>>>>>> useful.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Even if I choose to use guard, defer and do, it will still look like
>>>>>>> the one with `if let`. Lots of blocks. The code should be
>>>>>>> straightforward without any brackets.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Huh? I don't buy this argument at all. You don't like the look of `{ }`,
>>>>>> so you are proposing new sugar using `?`--is that what you're claiming?
>>>>>> This sounds to me like the same motivation as that behind early
>>>>>> suggestions to move to a Python-like syntax.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> See this example (since it’s a lot of code I rendered a PDF).
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I don't see the motivation in this example. Why wouldn't you just move
>>>>>> the code to update `cell.heading` right after you guard that `imageName`
>>>>>> is not nil?
>>>>>
>>>>> I already explained why. It was just a naive example. In real life
>>>>> methods can be a lot more complicated than my example. It’s really bad if
>>>>> your code will fail unless it follows the same exact order. We need to
>>>>> modify our code everyday, and most of the time we are working on code
>>>>> that is not even written by ourselves. If you scan through methods with
>>>>> name like updateCell, intuitively, you will think the order of the code
>>>>> will not matter. And it shouldn’t! It is really easy to make mistakes
>>>>> with guard statement because the order matters here. IMO, guard is only
>>>>> useful if we place it at the beginning of the function—for all or nothing.
>>>>>
>>>>> Why we chose to use brackets and indentation? Because they can warn us
>>>>> that the behavior of the code will change. Either the outcome will vary
>>>>> (if) or the code will be executed for more than one time (for). Checking
>>>>> an object if is nil doesn’t always belong here. Using `if let` is not
>>>>> being explicit. It’s boilerplate. A not-so-good fix for the side effect
>>>>> of optionals. Most of the time, we want the flow to be “flat”. That’s why
>>>>> swift supports `guard` and `object?.method`. If you think `foo(x?)` is
>>>>> not important, do you think `guard` and `object?.method` are also not
>>>>> important?
>>>>>
>>>>> I understand that Swift is designed to be explicit. I also agree with it.
>>>>> But I saw an unhappy trend in the mailing list: "this is not explicit
>>>>> enough" can be used to argue against anything. Shall we remove
>>>>> @autoclosure? Shall we remove trailing closures? Shall we remove
>>>>> `object?.method`?
>>>>>
>>>>>>>> On Aug 16, 2016, at 1:16 AM, Xiaodi Wu <[email protected]> wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> On Mon, Aug 15, 2016 at 12:07 PM, Xiaodi Wu <[email protected]>
>>>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On Mon, Aug 15, 2016 at 11:43 AM, Justin Jia
>>>>>>>>>> <[email protected]> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> I believe the core team has considered 99% of the ideas in the
>>>>>>>>>> mailing list in the past, but it doesn’t mean we can’t discuss it,
>>>>>>>>>> right?
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> No, it certainly doesn't! I'm saying that you haven't come up with a
>>>>>>>>> solution to a known problem with the idea.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Assuming we have the following declaration:
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>>>> func foo(a: Int, b: Int?, c: Int, d: Int?) -> Int
>>>>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> For this:
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>>>> let z = foo(a: f1(), b: f2()?, c: f3(), d: f4()?) // z becomes
>>>>>>>>>> optional
>>>>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> We have a few different “possible solutions”:
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> 1. Short-circuiting from left to right. This is equivalent to:
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>>>> var z: Int? = nil
>>>>>>>>>> let a = f1()
>>>>>>>>>> guard let b = f2() else { return }
>>>>>>>>>> let c = f3()
>>>>>>>>>> guard let d = f4() else { return }
>>>>>>>>>> z = foo(a: a, b: b, c: c, d: d)
>>>>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> 2. Short-circuiting from left to right for optionals. Then evaluate
>>>>>>>>>> non-optional parameters. This is equivalent to:
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>>>> var z: Int? = nil
>>>>>>>>>> guard let b = f2() else { return }
>>>>>>>>>> guard let d = f4() else { return }
>>>>>>>>>> let a = f1()
>>>>>>>>>> let c = f3()
>>>>>>>>>> z = foo(a: a, b: b, c: c, d: d)
>>>>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> 3. Do not short-circuiting.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>>>> var z: Int? = nil
>>>>>>>>>> let a = f1()
>>>>>>>>>> let optionalB = f2()
>>>>>>>>>> let c = f3()
>>>>>>>>>> let optionalD = f4()
>>>>>>>>>> guard let b = optionalB else { return }
>>>>>>>>>> guard let d = optionalD else { return }
>>>>>>>>>> z = foo(a: a, b: b, c: c, d: d)
>>>>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Like I said before, I agree that there is no intuitive solution to
>>>>>>>>>> this problem. However, I'm still not convinced that this feature is
>>>>>>>>>> *not important*.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Thank you for pointing out the problem to me. I didn't notice it at
>>>>>>>>>> the time I wrote my first email. I really appreciate that. However,
>>>>>>>>>> instead of saying I don't know which is the best solution so let's
>>>>>>>>>> assume the core team made the right decision, we should discuss
>>>>>>>>>> whether 1, 2, 3 is the best solution. Or you can convince me we
>>>>>>>>>> don't *need* this feature.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> I'm going to convince you that 1, 2, and 3 are all bad solutions.
>>>>>>>>> Thus, this feature won't fly.
>>>>>>>>> The fundamental issue is that having this sugar means that I can no
>>>>>>>>> longer reason about the order in which code is executed. An innocuous
>>>>>>>>> statement such as `print(a(), b(), c(), d())`, once you mix in your
>>>>>>>>> proposed `?` syntax with some but not all of these function calls,
>>>>>>>>> might have d() executed before a(), after a(), or not at all. This is
>>>>>>>>> greatly damaging to the goal of writing clear, understandable code.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Back to the original topic.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> I spent some time thinking and changed my mind again. I think
>>>>>>>>>> solution 1 is most reasonable. It is consistent with if statements.
>>>>>>>>>> Instead of treating it as sugar for `if let`, we can treat it as
>>>>>>>>>> sugar for `guard`, which is much easy to understand and remember.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> -
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Below is the reason why I think this feature is important (quoted
>>>>>>>>>> from another email).
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> The problem with `if let` is you need to call the function inside {
>>>>>>>>>> }.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>>>> /* code 1 */
>>>>>>>>>> if let x = x, let y = y {
>>>>>>>>>> /* code 2, depends on x and y to be non-optional */
>>>>>>>>>> let z = foo(x, y)
>>>>>>>>>> if let z = z {
>>>>>>>>>> bar(z)
>>>>>>>>>> }
>>>>>>>>>> /* code 3, depends on x and y to be non-optional */
>>>>>>>>>> }
>>>>>>>>>> /* code 4 */
>>>>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> I can't use `guard` for this situation because guard will force me
>>>>>>>>>> to leave the entire function.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>>>> /* code 1 */
>>>>>>>>>> guard let x = x, y = y else { return }
>>>>>>>>>> /* code 2, depends on x and y to be non-optional */
>>>>>>>>>> guard let z = foo(x, y) else { return }
>>>>>>>>>> bar(z)
>>>>>>>>>> /* code 3, depends on x and y to be non-optional */ <- This won't
>>>>>>>>>> execute if z is nil
>>>>>>>>>> /* code 4 */ <- This won't execute if x, y or z is nil
>>>>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Then surround it with a do block.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>>> out: do {
>>>>>>>>> guard foo else { break out }
>>>>>>>>> guard bar else { break out }
>>>>>>>>> /* other code */
>>>>>>>>> }
>>>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Or, more idiomatically, since your use case is that you want /* code 4
>>>>>>>> */ to be executed no matter what, while everything else depends on x
>>>>>>>> and y not being nil:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>> defer { /* code 4 */ }
>>>>>>>> guard let x = x, let y = y else { return }
>>>>>>>> /* code 2 */
>>>>>>>> /* code 3 */
>>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> What I really want is some like this:
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>>>> / * code 1 */
>>>>>>>>>> let z = foo(x?, y?)
>>>>>>>>>> /* code 2, depends on x and y to be non-optional, use x? and y? */
>>>>>>>>>> bar(z?)
>>>>>>>>>> /* code 3, depends on x and y to be non-optional, use x? and y? */
>>>>>>>>>> /* code 4 */
>>>>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>>>> This is much easier to read. Sometimes people choose to use `guard`
>>>>>>>>>> to avoid `{ }`, which usually lead to code could easily get wrong
>>>>>>>>>> (like the second example).
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Sincerely,
>>>>>>>>>> Justin
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> On Aug 15, 2016, at 11:41 PM, Xiaodi Wu <[email protected]> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> What do you mean, limited to variables? What about a computed
>>>>>>>>>>> property? You will have the same problem.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> I'm not sure where you want to go with this, given that the core
>>>>>>>>>>> team has considered the same idea in the past and found these
>>>>>>>>>>> issues to have no good solution.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> On Mon, Aug 15, 2016 at 04:56 Justin Jia
>>>>>>>>>>>> <[email protected]> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>> IMO I don't this bar should be evaluated unless we decide if let
>>>>>>>>>>>> can accept non-optional values.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> Actually, what if we allow if let to accept non-optional values?
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> I agree this is confusing at the beginning. But people who are not
>>>>>>>>>>>> familiar with the detail design can avoid this situation easily.
>>>>>>>>>>>> People who are familiar with the design can adopt it quickly.
>>>>>>>>>>>> Sometimes, this is unavoidable.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> Btw, do you think this is still something nice to have if we limit
>>>>>>>>>>>> this syntax to only variables?
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> On Aug 15, 2016, at 4:59 PM, Xiaodi Wu <[email protected]> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On Mon, Aug 15, 2016 at 3:55 AM, Xiaodi Wu <[email protected]>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On Mon, Aug 15, 2016 at 3:25 AM, Justin Jia via swift-evolution
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> <[email protected]> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On Aug 15, 2016, at 4:09 PM, Charlie Monroe
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> <[email protected]> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> The example above was to better demonstrate the problem with
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> *when* to evaluate the latter argument. Why should both
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> arguments be evaluated *before* the if statement? If both
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> calls return Optionals,
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> if let x = bar(42), y = baz(42) { ... }
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> is how would I write it without the suggested syntax - baz(42)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> will *not* be evaluated if bar(42) returns nil. Which bears a
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> question why would
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> foo(bar(42)?, baz(42)?)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> evaluate both arguments even if the first one is nil, making
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> it incosistent with the rest of the language?
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> I see your point. I understand that maybe 1/2 of the people
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> think we should evaluate both arguments and 1/2 of the people
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> think we should only evaluate the first argument.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> I changed my idea a little bit. Now I think you are right. We
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> should only evaluate the first argument in your example. It’s
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> not only because of inconsistent, but also because the language
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> should at least provide a way to “short-circuit” to rest of the
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> arguments.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> If they want to opt-out this behavior, they can always write:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> let x = bar(42)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> let y = baz(42)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> foo(x?, y?)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Well, that was just the easy part. Now, suppose bar is the
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> function that isn't optional.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> foo(bar(42), baz(42)?)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Is bar evaluated if baz returns nil? If you want this syntax to
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> be sugar for if let, then the answer is yes.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> s/yes/no/
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> If short-circuiting works left-to-right, then the answer is no.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> s/no/yes/
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> (See? Confusing.)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> This is very confusing, and there is no good intuitive answer.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> swift-evolution mailing list
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> [email protected]
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> https://lists.swift.org/mailman/listinfo/swift-evolution
>> _______________________________________________
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