Here's an issue for the problem. https://github.com/sympy/sympy/issues/7423.
It doesn't look like anyone has figured out the source of the problem yet.

Aaron Meurer

On Sunday, July 10, 2016, Kenneth Frankel <[email protected]> wrote:

> Aaron
> Thanks, that was our guess. I've been trying to follow the error in the
> python debugger but it's pretty tedious.
> I'll run it through gdb and post it to github unless I here from anyone
> else about a fix.
> Regards
> Ken Frnakel
>
> On Friday, July 8, 2016 at 4:10:16 PM UTC-7, Aaron Meurer wrote:
>>
>> This looks like a bug in SymPy.
>>
>> Aaron Meurer
>>
>> On Fri, Jul 8, 2016 at 6:46 PM, Kenneth Frankel <[email protected]> wrote:
>>
>>> I downloaded python and simply (etc) from anaconda, and installed
>>> anaconda2 and anaconda3.
>>> I upgraded to the latest simply (1.0) and have this problem
>>>
>>> When I run
>>>
>>> import sympy
>>>
>>> from sympy import *
>>>
>>> sympy.__version__
>>>
>>>
>>> x=Symbol('x')
>>>
>>> y=Symbol('y')
>>>
>>> M=IndexedBase('M')
>>>
>>>
>>> integrate(cos(M[0] + x*y),x)
>>>
>>> integrate(cos(M[0] + x),x)
>>>
>>> integrate(cos(M[0] * x),x)
>>>
>>>
>>> They all work except integrate(cos(M[0] * x),x) throws an error (see
>>> output below).
>>>
>>> All I can find in the documentation is that there can be 'problems'.
>>>
>>> Any idea if I am missing something or is there a bug in simply?
>>>
>>> In the meantime my problem is so complex, I can only use variables 2 at
>>> a time,
>>>
>>> so I can hardcode a fix in my formulas.
>>>
>>>
>>> Thanks for any advice.
>>>
>>> Regards,
>>>
>>> Ken Frankel
>>>
>>>
>>> output:
>>>
>>> (same in python 3.5.1 and 2.7.11
>>>
>>>
>>> python
>>>
>>> Python 2.7.11 |Anaconda 4.0.0 (32-bit)| (default, Dec  6 2015, 18:08:45)
>>>
>>> [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-1)] on linux2
>>>
>>> Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
>>> Anaconda is brought to you by Continuum Analytics.
>>>
>>> Please check out: http://continuum.io/thanks and https://anaconda.org
>>>
>>> >>> import sympy
>>>
>>> >>> from sympy import *
>>>
>>> >>> sympy.__version__
>>>
>>> '1.0'
>>>
>>> >>>
>>>
>>> >>> x=Symbol('x')
>>>
>>> >>> y=Symbol('y')
>>>
>>> >>> M=IndexedBase('M')
>>>
>>> >>>
>>>
>>> >>> integrate(cos(M[0] + x*y),x)
>>>
>>> Piecewise((x*cos(M[0]), Eq(y, 0)), (sin(x*y + M[0])/y, True))
>>>
>>>
>>> >>> integrate(cos(M[0] + x),x)
>>>
>>> sin(x + M[0])
>>>
>>>
>>> >>> integrate(cos(M[0] * x),x)
>>>
>>> Traceback (most recent call last):
>>>
>>>   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
>>>
>>>   File
>>> "/home/Users/frankel/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sympy/integrals/integrals.py",
>>> line 1280, in integrate
>>>
>>>     risch=risch, manual=manual)
>>>
>>>   File
>>> "/home/Users/frankel/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sympy/integrals/integrals.py",
>>> line 486, in doit
>>>
>>>     conds=conds)
>>>
>>>   File
>>> "/home/Users/frankel/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sympy/integrals/integrals.py",
>>> line 860, in _eval_integral
>>>
>>>     h = trigintegrate(g, x, conds=conds)
>>>
>>>   File
>>> "/home/Users/frankel/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sympy/integrals/trigonometry.py",
>>> line 100, in trigintegrate
>>>
>>>     return Piecewise((zz, Eq(a, 0)), (fx / a, True))
>>>
>>>   File
>>> "/home/Users/frankel/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sympy/functions/elementary/piecewise.py",
>>> line 110, in __new__
>>>
>>>     r = cls.eval(*newargs)
>>>
>>>   File
>>> "/home/Users/frankel/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sympy/functions/elementary/piecewise.py",
>>> line 146, in eval
>>>
>>>     cond_eval = cls.__eval_cond(cond)
>>>
>>>   File
>>> "/home/Users/frankel/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sympy/functions/elementary/piecewise.py",
>>> line 507, in __eval_cond
>>>
>>>     if checksol(cond, {}, minimal=True):
>>>
>>>   File
>>> "/home/Users/frankel/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sympy/solvers/solvers.py",
>>> line 227, in checksol
>>>
>>>     if not val.is_constant(*list(sol.keys()), simplify=not minimal):
>>>
>>>   File
>>> "/home/Users/frankel/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sympy/core/expr.py",
>>> line 535, in is_constant
>>>
>>>     simultaneous=True)
>>>
>>>   File
>>> "/home/Users/frankel/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sympy/core/basic.py",
>>> line 893, in subs
>>>
>>>     rv = rv._subs(old, d*m, **kwargs)
>>>
>>>   File
>>> "/home/Users/frankel/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sympy/core/basic.py",
>>> line 1016, in _subs
>>>
>>>     rv = fallback(self, old, new)
>>>
>>>   File
>>> "/home/Users/frankel/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sympy/core/basic.py",
>>> line 988, in fallback
>>>
>>>     arg = arg._subs(old, new, **hints)
>>>
>>>   File
>>> "/home/Users/frankel/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sympy/core/basic.py",
>>> line 1016, in _subs
>>>
>>>     rv = fallback(self, old, new)
>>>
>>>   File
>>> "/home/Users/frankel/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sympy/core/basic.py",
>>> line 993, in fallback
>>>
>>>     rv = self.func(*args)
>>>
>>>   File
>>> "/home/Users/frankel/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sympy/tensor/indexed.py",
>>> line 334, in __new__
>>>
>>>     raise TypeError("Base label should be a string or Symbol.")
>>>
>>> TypeError: Base label should be a string or Symbol.
>>>
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