Bush IQ low on presidential league Roger Dobson GEORGE W BUSH has the lowest average IQ of all but one American president since the start of the 20th century, according to the estimates of psychological researchers.
He "is definitely intelligent . . . certainly smart enough to be president of the United States", says Dean Keith Simonton, a psychologist at the University of California. But his intellect falls below all other presidents of the past 110 years except Warren Harding, who was in the White House briefly in the 1920s and regarded as a failed president. Bush's estimated IQ is about 20 points below that of his predecessor, Bill Clinton, "a disparity that may have created a contrast effect that made any intellectual weaknesses all the more salient". Simonton has drawn up a table of estimated presidential intelligence by amassing data created by other researchers. Writing in the journal Political Psychology he says that estimates of Bush's IQ range between 111.1 and 138.5, with a mean of 120, "which is about the average for a college graduate in the United States". Clinton's IQ ranged between 135.6 and 159, and Ronald Reagan's between 118 and 141.9. John Quincy Adams, president from 1825-9, was the cleverest with a range of 165 to 175, well into genius territory. The data used by Simonton was created by the filtering and analysis of personality descriptions from biographical sources an academically recognised system known as a "historiometric" study. Bush may be "much smarter" than the findings imply, says Simonton, but he scores particularly unimpressively for "openness to experience, a cognitive proclivity that encompasses unusual receptiveness to fantasy, aesthetics, actions, ideas and values. In the general population this factor is positively associated with intelligence" . Bush's openness score of zero compared with 82 for Clinton and John F Kennedy, 95 for Abraham Lincoln and 99.1 for Thomas Jefferson "placed him at the very bottom of US presidents". This assessment can only be considered tentative because of lack of available evidence on a sitting president, but it is corroborated by a measure of Bush's "integrative complexity". Simonton says: "Low scorers on integrative complexity can only see things from a single perspective their own." Bush's score, he says, is comparable to "extremist Islamic fundamentalists in the Taliban and Al-Qaeda leadership with the notable exception of Osama Bin Laden, who is lower still". Trevor McCrisken, lecturer in American politics at Warwick University, said: "This is going to give added ammunition to those who dislike Bush, and who particularly dislike his folksiness, and his apparent lack of intellectual vigour. A major part of his public persona, to some extent, I think deliberately, is that he is not an intellectual. But he went to Yale, he has had an exclusive upbringing and he is by no means a dimwit." http://www.timesonl ine.co.uk/ article/0, ,2087-2350564, 00.html __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com ***** HELP ME ! 1. Motivasi, Produktifitas dan Kualitas Pelayanan Karyawan Anda menurun ? Inhouse training & Workshop Motivasi dipandu langsung oleh penemu Metode SERVO, merupakan salah satu dari sembilan orang Guru Sukses, Versi Majalah Warta Bisnis, Edisi 41 / III / Agustus 2005. 2. Kemana mencari SDM yang Kompeten dan Antusias ? 3. Kemana mencari Narasumber / Pembicara tentang Motivasi, Manajemen Diri dan Prestasi, ServoPower, ServoTherapy, HypnoTherapy ? 4. Siapa yang dapat menjadi Pelatih Pribadi (Personal Coach) serta memprogram Prestasi Karir / Profesi ? 5.Kemana menghilangkan Hambatan Sukses seperti Insomnia ? Trauma ? Phobia ? Mania ? Psikosomatis ? Relapse ? Stress ? Cemas ? Sedih ? Takut ? Depresi ? Marah ? Kebiasaan / Pengalaman Buruk ? Gemuk / Kurus ? dll. ? Testimonies pernah dimuat di Majalah Good Housekeeping, September 2005, hal. 52. Klik aja >>>http://servocenter.wordpress.com/servo-testimonies/<<< ***** SERVO CENTER Pusat Pemrograman Motivasi, Manajemen Diri dan Prestasi Komplek Cipondoh Makmur, Jl. Bahagia Raya Blok B5b No. 2 Cipondoh, Tangerang 15148. 021) 5574 5555, 554 6009, 554 5257 Talkshow Interaktif tentang Motivasi, Manajemen Diri dan Prestasi : 1. Radio MSTRI 104,2 FM, Setiap Kamis Sore, Jam 16.00 - 17.00 2. Radio PESONA 103,8 FM, Setiap Rabu Malam, Jam 19.00 - 20.00 Setiap Minggu Pertama, Awal Bulan >>>http://servocenter.wordpress.com/<<< Yahoo! Groups Links <*> To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/TaManBinTaNG/ <*> Your email settings: Individual Email | Traditional <*> To change settings online go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/TaManBinTaNG/join (Yahoo! ID required) <*> To change settings via email: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] <*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] <*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
