By the Numbers: Ethnic Groups in the World; September 1998; Scientific American
Magazine; by Doyle; 1 Page(s)
Many of the world¿s problems stem from the fact that it has 5,000 ethnic groups
but only 190 countries. This situation is illustrated on the map, which shows
that few states are ethnically homogeneous and that many, particularly in
Africa, have no majority ethnic group. Since 1945 some 15 million people have
been killed in conflicts involving ethnic violence, although ethnic tensions
have not necessarily been the catalyst. Among the worst incidents were the 1994
civil war in Rwanda, which resulted in more than a million dead and three
million refugees, and the 1947 communal riots in India, which left several
hundred thousand dead and 12 million refugees.
Why are some multiethnic countries plagued by violent, persistent ethnic
conflict and others not? There are no completely satisfactory answers, but it
is evident that several factors affect the outcome. One of these is the
presence or absence of political institutions that give minorities protection
against the tyranny of majority rule.
(1993-2009 Scientific American)
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MUG:
Di Sumut, Deliserdang, Dairi, Simalungun dll dengan mayoritasnya orang Tapanuli.
Di NAD, Alas, Gayo, Singkil dll dengan mayoritasnya orang Aceh
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