FWIW, keepalives are also used to help use TCP as a "reachability
detector" for routing protocols as well.

Joe

On 7/14/2016 5:18 PM, Daniel B Giffin wrote:
>> > - Section 3.9 gives the justification for sending keep-alives as "for 
>> > applications to ensure that the other end of a TCP connection still exists 
>> > even when there is no data to be sent." That may be true, but another big 
>> > reason for sending keep-alives is to keep sessions alive in middleboxes, 
>> > especially NAT boxes and to a lesser degree firewalls. These middleboxes 
>> > have been known to lose state after as little as 30 seconds ("behave" WG 
>> > admonitions notwithstanding) and to block or mangle subsequent 
>> > "out-of-stateā€ packets.
> Good point -- I've added this consideration to the new
> "Design notes" section.
>

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