Units of time in ancient Tamil history
1 kuzhi(kuRRuzhi)= 6.66 millisecond-the time taken by the
Pleiadesstars(*aRumin*) to glitter once.
- 12(base 8 ) or 10 kuzhigaL= 1 miy= 66.6666 millisecond-the time taken
by the young human eyes to flap once.
- 2 kaNNimaigaL= 1 kainodi= 0.125 second
- 2 kainodi= 1 maatthirai= 0.25 second
- 6(base 8 ) or 6 miygaL= 1 siRRuzhi(nodi)= 0.40 second-the time taken
for a bubble (created by blowing air through a bamboo tube into a vessel
1 saaN high, full of water) to travel a distance of one saaN .
- 2 maatthiraigaL= 1 kuru= 0.50 second
- 2(base 8 ) or 2 nodigaL= 1 vinaadi= 0.80 second-the time for the adult
human heart to beat once
- 21⁄2 nodigaL= 2 kuru= 1 uyir= 1 second
- 5 nodigaL= 2 uyir= 1 saNigam= 1/2 aNu= 2 seconds
- 12(base 8 ) or 10 nodigaL= 1 aNu= 4 seconds
- 6(base 8 ) or 6 aNukkaL= 12 saNigam= 1 thuLi= 1 naazhigai-vinaadi= 24
seconds
- 12(base 8 ) or 10 thuLigaL= 1 kaNam= 4 minutes
- 6(base 8 ) or 6 kaNangaL= 1 naazhigai= 24 minutes
- 12(base 8 ) or 10 naazhigaigaL= 4 saamam= 1 siRupozhuthu= 240 minutes=
4 hours
- 6(base 8 ) or 6 siRu-pozhuthugaL= 1 naaL(1 day)= 24 hours
- 7 naaTkaL= 1 kizhamai(1 week)
- 15 naaTkaL= 1 azhuvam(1 fortnight )
- 29.5 naaTkaL= 1 thingaL(1 lunar month)
- 2 thingaL= 1 perum-pozhuthu(1 season)
- 6 perum-pozhuthugaL= 1 AaNdu(1 year)
- 64 aaNdugaL= 1 vattam(1 cycle)
- 4096(=8^4) AaNdugaL= 1 Oozhi(1 epoch)
Area Measurement
- 1 Marakkal vaedaipadu (seeds required for planting rice) = 8 cents
- 12.5 Marakkal vaedaipadu = 100 cents (one acre)
Area calculation and Measurement Chart .
- 1 hectare = 2 acre 47 cent
- 1 hectare = 10,000 sq.m.
- 1 acre = 0.405 hectare
- 1 acre = 4046.82 sq.m.
- 1 acre = 43,560 sq.ft.
- 1 acre = 100 cent = 4840 sq.gejam
- 1 cent = 435.6 sq.ft.
- 1 cent = 40.5 sq.m
- 1 ground = 222.96 sq.m. = 5.5 cent
- 1 ground = 2400 sq.ft.
- 1 kuli = 44 cent
- 1 kaani = 132 cent = 3 kuli
- 1 kaani = 1.32 acre
- 1 kaani = 57,499 sq.ft.
- 1 acre = 2.25 kuli
- 1 dismil = 1.5 cent
- 1 furlong = 660 feet = 220 kejam
- 1 kilometre = 5 furlong
- 1 link / chain = 0.66 foot = 7.92 inch
- 1 kejam = 3 feet
- 1 mile = 8 furlong
- 1 ares = 1076 sq.ft. = 2.47 cent
- 1 chain = 22 kejam
- 1 furlong = 10 chain
- 1 kejam = 0.9144 metre
- 1 township = 36 sq.mile
- 1 sq.mile = 640 acre
Units of ancient trade Balance weights GOLD WEIGHTS
- 4 nel edai= 1 kunRimaNi
- 2 kunRimaNi= 1 manjaadi
- 1 manjaadi= 1 paNavedai
- 5 paNavedai= 1 kazhanju
- 8 paNavedai= 1 varaaganedai
- 20 paNavedai= 4 kazhanju = 1 kaqhsu
- 80 paNavedai= 16 kazhanju= 4 kaqhsu= 1 palam.
- 1.5 Kazhanji = 8 gram or one pown
GOODS WEIGHTS
- 32 kunRimaNi= 1 varaaganedai
- 10 varaaganedai= 1 palam
- 40 palam= 1 veesai
- 1000 palam =1 kaa
- 6 veesai= 1 thulaam
- 8 veesai= 1 maNangu
- 20 maNangu= 1 paaram.
Grain volume
- 1 kuNam= smallest unit of volume
- 9 kuNam= 1 mummi
- 11 mummi= 1 aNu
- 7 aNu=1 immi
- 7 immi= 1 uminel
- 1 sittigai= 7 uminel
- 360 nel= 1 sevidu
- 5 sevidu= 1 aazhaakku
- 2 aazhaakku= 1 uzhakku
- 2 uzhakku= 1 uri
- 2 uri= 1 padi
- 8 padi= 1 marakkaal(kuRuNi)
- 2 marakkaal(kuRuNi)= 1 padhakku
- 2 padhakku= 1 thooNi
- 5 marakkaal= 1 paRai
- 80 paRai= 1 karisai
- 96 padi= 1 kalam
- 120 padi= 1 pothi(mootai)
- 21 marakkal = 1 Kottai
1 *padi*, = 1800 *avarai* pods = 12,800 *miLagu* seeds = 14,400 *nel* grains
= 14,800 *payaRu* grains = 38,000 *arisi* grains = 115,200 *sesame* seeds
Fluid volume
- 5 sevidu= 1 aazhaakku
- 2 mahani = 1 aazhakku (arai kal padi)
- 2 aazhaakku= 1 uzhakku (Kal padi)
- 2 uzhakku= 1 uri (Arai padi)
- 2 uri= 1 padi
- 8 padi= 1 marakkaal
- 2 marakkaal(kuRuNi)= 1 padhakku
- 2 padhakku= 1 thooNi
- 21 Marakkal = 1 Kottai
Length
- 10 koaN= 1 nuNNaNu
- 10 nuNNaNU= 1 aNu(*atom*)
- 8 aNu= 1 kathirtthugaL
- 8 kathirtthugaL= 1 thusumbu
- 8 thusumbu= 1 mayirnuni
- 8 mayirnuni= 1 nuNmaNal
- 8 nuNmaNal= 1 siRu-kadugu
- 8 siRu-kadugu= 1 eL
- 8 eL= 1 nel
- 8 nel= 1 viral= 8^8 aNu(*atom*)= 1.9444 centimetre
- 12 viral= 1 saaN= 100 immi= 23.3333 centimetre
- 2 saaN= 1 muzham= 46.6666 centimetre
- 2 muzham= 1 kajam
- 4 muzham= 1 paagam
- 625 paagam= 1 kaadham= 5000 saaN= 1166.66 metres= 1.167 kilometre
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