After reading the following article, I am sure you will feel to be the
Proudest Indian and inform/forward the message to others.- Mr. V
Chithranath.
We should hold a mirror to UPA President and her illustrious[ ? ] son along
with ever-widening tribe of self-seeking flatterers like Jairam
Ramesh,AKA,Ahmed Patel and the like to convince them what a hoary tradition
that our country had till Jawarhal Nehru came to alter the true record of
the splendour of India, that is Bharat to please the western conscience of
T.B.Macaulay !
K.Gopalan.
*Colonel James Todd (British East India Company) said of India*
[image: ancient rishis]
“*Where else can we look for sages like those whose systems of philosophy
were prototypes to whose works Plato, Thales & Pythagorus were disciples?
Where do I find astronomers whose knowledge of planetary systems yet
excites wonder in Europe as well as the architects and sculptors whose
works claim our admiration, and the musicians who could make the mind
oscillate from joy to sorrow, from tears to smile with the change of modes
and varied intonation?”*
*Indian culture and nationalism have been evolved and fostered over the
millenia by India’s ancient rishis, who at the banks of holy rivers of
Saptasindhu and Saraswati had composed the Vedic literature – the very
foundation of Indian civilization.*
*The term “rishi” or “rsi” originally denoted the composers and singers of
Vedic hymns. However, the rishi is also a “sage” to whom the Gods revealed
the Vedas (knowledge of the eternal truths about the Creator, His creation
and means to preserve it).*
*The three chief classes of Rishi are the Brahmarshi, born of the mind of
Brahma,** the Devarshi of lower rank, and **Rajarshi or Kings who became
Rishis through their knowledge and austerities, such as Janaka, Ritaparna,
etc. The Shrutarshi are makers of Shastras, as Sushruta. The Kandarshi are
of the Karmakanda, such as Jaimini. Sapta rishis are two Sanskrit words
meaning “Seven Sages”. Some of the great Rishis (sages) of India are:*
Vyasa Compiled the Vedas , wrote the Mahabharata, etc.,
*Ved Vyasa is the most important rishi in the Hindu pantheon of religions,
for he is the one who compiled the Vedas. He is also the author of the
Hindu epic Mahabharata and the important characters in many Puranas.*
*Markandeya*
Markandeya was an ancient Indian Muni (sage) and he is known as author of
religious Hindu texts. It may be a surprise to many people that Markandeya
was a devotee of both Lord Vishnu (vaishnavas) or Lord Shiva (shaivas).
Markandeya is one of the Chiranjeevin – the immortals in Hinduism. On the
basis of his interactions of people known in Hinduism, it is sure that
Markandeya lived through more yugas. He is sometimes called Maha Muni
(Great Sage) and he is the author of important Hindu scriptures like
Markandeya Purana, which says that sage Jaimini, the disciple of Ved Vyasa,
asked Markandeya to explain to him some difficult parts of the Mahabharata.
Rishi Markandeya composed the ‘Devi Saptashati’ or the seven hundred hymns
extolling the virtues of the Divine Goddess at the shakti peetha in Nashik.
*Charaka (600 BCE) Father of Medicine*
*Acharya Charaka has been crowned as the Father of Medicine. His renowned
work, the “Charak Samhita”, is considered as an encyclopedia of Ayurveda.
Acharya Charaka revealed through his innate genius and enquiries the facts
on human anatomy, embryology, pharmacology, blood circulation and diseases
like diabetes, tuberculosis, heart disease, etc. In the “Charak Samhita” he
has described the medicinal qualities and functions of 100,000 herbal
plants. He has emphasized the influence of diet and activity on mind and
body. He has proved the correlation of spirituality and physical health
contributed greatly to diagnostic and curative sciences. He has also
prescribed an ethical charter for medical practitioners two centuries prior
to the Hippocratic oath.*
[image: aryabhatta]
*Aryabhatta Gave the world ZERO and he value of PI*
*Was a master Astronomer and Mathematician, born in 476 CE in Kusumpur
(Bihar). In 499 CE, he wrote a text on astronomy and an unparallel treatise
on mathematics called “Aryabhatiyam” He formulated the process of
calculating the motion of planets and the time of eclipses. Aryabhatta was
the first to proclaim that the earth is round, it rotates on its axis,
orbits the sun and is suspended in space – 1,000 years before Copernicus
published his heliocentric theory.*
*He is also acknowledged for calculating p (Pi) to four decimal places:
3.1416 (22/7) and the sine table in trigonometry. Centuries later, in 825
CE, the Arab mathematician, Mohammed Ibna Musa credited the value of Pi to
the Indians, “This value has been given by the Hindus.”*
*And above all, his most spectacular contribution was the concept of zero
without which modern computer technology would have been non-existen*t.
*Sushruta (600 BCE) Father of Surgery*
*Born to sage Vishwamitra, Sushruta is the father of surgery. 2600 years
ago, he and health scientists of his time conducted complicated surgeries
like cesareans, cataract, artificial limbs, Rhinoplasty (restoration of a
damaged nose), 12 types of fractures, 6 types of dislocations, urinary
stones and even plastic surgery and brain surgery. Usage of anesthesia was
well known in ancient India. Author of the book “Sushruta Samhita”, in
which he describes over 300 surgical procedures and 125 surgical
instruments, including scalpels, lancets, needles, catheters and rectal
speculums; mostly designed from the jaws of animals and birds. He has also
described a number of stitching methods; the use of horse’s hair as thread
and fibers of bark.*
*Bharadwaja*
*Also known as Bharadwaj Gotra, a descendant of rishi Angira (vedic sage
who wrote most of the Atharva Veda). Lord Rama along with Sita and
Lakshmana (in the epic Ramayana) met many rishis and sages including
Bharadwaja.*
*Acharya Bharadwaja had a hermitage in the holy city of Prayag, authored
the ” Yantra Sarvasva ” which includes astonishing and outstanding
discoveries in aviation science, space science and flying machines. He has
described three categories of flying machines: (1) One that flies on earth
from one place to another. (2) One that travels from one planet to another.
(3) And one that travels from one universe to another*.
*Kashyap*
*An ancient rishi, the Saptarishi. He was the father of the Devas, Asuras,
and all humankind. He was the son of Marichi and Aditi*.
[image: patanjali]Patanjali (200 BCE)
*Called the father of Yoga.*
The Science of Yoga is one of several unique contributions of India to the
world. It seeks to discover and realize the ultimate Reality through yogic
practices. Acharya Patanjali , the founder, hailed from the district of
Gonda (Ganara) in Uttar Pradesh . He prescribed the control of prana (life
breath) as the means to control the body, mind and soul. This subsequently
rewards one with good health and inner happiness.
Acharya Patanjali ‘s 84 yogic postures effectively enhance the efficiency
of the respiratory, circulatory, nervous, digestive and endocrine systems
and many other organs of the body. Yoga has eight limbs where Acharya
Patanjali shows the attainment of the ultimate bliss of God in samadhi
through the disciplines of: yam, niyam, asan, pranayam, pratyahar, dhyan
and dharna.
*Kanad (600 BCE) Founder of Atomic Theory* *As the founder of “Vaisheshik
Darshan” – one of six principal philosophies of India – Acharya Kanad was a
genius in philosophy. He is believed to have been born in Prabhas Kshetra
near Dwarika in Gujarat. He was the pioneer expounder of realism, law of
causation and the atomic theory. He has classified all the objects of
creation into nine elements, namely: earth, water, light, wind, ether,
time, space, mind and soul. **He says, “Every object of creation is made of
atoms which in turn connect with each other to form molecules.” His
statement ushered in the Atomic Theory for the first time ever in the
world, nearly 2,500 years before John Dalton . **Kanad has also described
the dimension and motion of atoms and their chemical reactions with each
other. The eminent historian, T.N. Colebrook , has said, “Compared to the
scientists of Europe, Kanad and other Indian scientists were the global
masters of this field.”*
*Kapila (3000 BCE) Father of Cosmology.**Acharya Kapila was born in 3000
BCE to the illustrious sage Kardam and Devhuti. He also gifted the world
with the Sankhya School of Thought. His pioneering work threw light on the
nature and principles of the ultimate Soul (Purusha), primal matter
(Prakruti) and creation. His concept of transformation of energy and
profound commentaries on atma, non-atma and the subtle elements of the
cosmos places him in an elite class of master achievers – incomparable to
the discoveries of other cosmologists. On his assertion that Prakruti, with
the inspiration of Purusha, is the mother of cosmic creation and all
energies.**Bhaskaracharya Discovered the law of Gravity*
*He calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the sun hundreds of
years before the astronomer Smart; Time taken by earth to orbit the sun:
(5th century) 365.258756484 days. Born in the obscure village of Vijjadit
(Jalgaon) in Maharastra, Bhaskaracharya’s mathematical works called
“Lilavati” and “Bijaganita” are considered to be unparalleled. *
*In his treatise “Siddhant Shiromani” he writes on planetary positions,
eclipses, cosmography, mathematical techniques and astronomical equipment.
In the “Surya Siddhant” he makes a note on the force of gravity: “Objects
fall on earth due to a force of attraction by the earth. Therefore, the
earth, planets, constellations, moon, and sun are held in orbit due to this
attraction.” Bhaskaracharya was the first to discover gravity, 500 years
before Sir Isaac Newton.*
[image: chanakya]Chanakya (370–283 BCE)
*Chanakya or Vishnu Gupta or Kautilya (his gotra) was a teacher to the
first Maurya Emperor Chandragupta – the first emperor in the
archaeologically recorded history to rule the complete Indian Subcontinent.*
*He authored the ancient Indian political treatise called Arthasastra.
Chanakya is considered as the pioneer of the field of economics and
political science and his work is thought of as an important precursor to
Classical Economics. Chanakya’s works predate Machiavelli’s by about 1,800
years. Chanakya was a teacher in Takshashila, an ancient centre of
learning.*
*Vatsyayana Gave the World the KAMA SUTRA*
*A Hindu philosopher who lived during the reign of the Gupta Empire (4th –
6th century AD), is believed to be the author of the Kama Sutra. In the
second chapter , Vatsyayana describes 64 kama-kalas, or ways to make love.
These are not 64 positions, but the categories of different modes of
lovemaking, namely ‘embracing, kissing, scratching, biting, the positions,
moaning, the woman playing the man’s part, and oral sex.’ As each of these
modes of sex is supposed to have eight different particular manifestations,
there are thus sixty-four ways in which a man or woman could be said to be
having sex in its broadest sense. But kama-kalas are not just tools for
successful love making, they also lie at the heart of what constitutes an
educated man*.
*Valmiki Wrote Ramayana*
*The famous poet and the author of the epic Ramayan*a.
*Panini (600 BCE) Gave the Sanskrit Grammar*
*Panini is known for his Sanskrit grammar, particularly for his formulation
of the 3,959 rules of Sanskrit syntax and grammar known as Ashtadhyayi
(“eight chapters”), the foundation text of the grammatical branch of the
Vedanga, the auxiliary scholarly disciplines of Vedic religion.*
*Nagarjuna (100 CE) Many Inventions in Chemistry and Metallurgy*
*Born in the village of Baluka in Madhya Pradesh, his dedicated research
produced maiden discoveries and inventions in the faculties of chemistry
and metallurgy, like “Ras Ratnakar”, “Rashrudaya” and “Rasendramangal”. As
the author of medical books like “Arogyamanjari” and “Yogasar,” he also
made significant contributions to the field of curative medicine. He was
appointed as Chancellor of the famous University of Nalanda.*
*Vashishtha*
*One of the Saptarishis. He was the Maanasa-putra (“a brain child”) of
Brahma. He possessed the divine cow known as Kamadhenu and the Kamadhenu’s
child Nandini. Vashishtha is the author of some parts in the Rig Veda.*
*Jaimini*
*An ancient rishi, a great philosopher of the Mimansa school. He was the
son of wandering rishi Parashara, and a disciple of Veda Vyasa.*
*Varahamihira (499-587 CE)*
*Varahamihir’s book “panch siddhant”, noted that the moon and planets are
lustrous not because of their own light but due to sunlight. In the “Bruhad
Samhita” and “Bruhad Jatak”, he has revealed his discoveries in the domains
of geography, constellation, science, botany and animal science. In his
treatise on botanical science, Varahamihir presents cures for various
diseases afflicting plants and trees*.
Some of the other sages were:
- *Astika (the son of Manasa and Jaratkaru, the Vyasa of the
twenty-seventh Dwapara)*
-
- *Atri (A legendary scholar and a son of Brahma – a Sapta Rishi)*
-
- *Bhrigu (One of the Saptarishis and one of the Prajapatis (and Maanasa
Putra – a brain child) that Brahma created as facilitators of creation)*
-
- *Kraustuki (Markandeya’s disciple)*
-
- *Kripacharya (an important character in the Mahabharata; one of the
Chiranjivin (the “immortals”).*
-
- *Marichi (The son of Brahma and also one of the Saptarishis)*
-
- *Narada (A divine sage (son of Brahma) in the Vaishnava tradition)*
-
- *Paráshara (A Rigvedic Maharishi and author of many ancient Indian texts.
He was the grandson of Vasishtha and the author of some verses in the Rig
Veda)*
-
- *Prahlada (amahajana – that is, a “great devotee”, in the puranic
Vaishnava traditions).*
-
- *Pulatsya (One of the ten Prajapatis – sons of Brahma, and one of the
Saptarishis. He was the spiritual vibration through the power of which some
texts of the Puranas were written)*
-
- *Shukra (son of Bhrigu)*
-
- *Vaishampayana (the original teacher of the Black Yajur-Veda)*
-
- *Yajnavalkya (A legendary ancient sage, a pupil of Vaishampayana)*
*There are several notable female rishikas who contributed to the
composition of the Vedic scriptures. The Rig Veda mentions Romasha,
Lopamudra, Apala, Kadru, Visvavara, Ghosha, Juhu, Vagambhrini, Paulomi,
Yami, Indrani, Savitri, and Devajami. The Sama Veda adds Nodha,
Akrishtabhasha, Sikatanivavari and Gaupayana.*
India’s other contributions to the world:
- *India’s greatest gift to Humanity – Mathematical innovations include
ZERO; use of DECIMAL NUMBERS and DICE.*
-
- *Budhayana explained in the 6th century, the concept of what is known as
the Pythagorean Theorem, long before the European mathematicians.*
-
- *Algebra, trigonometry and calculus came from India; Quadratic equations
were by Sridharacharya in the 11th century; The largest numbers the Greeks
and the Romans used were (10 to the power of 6) whereas Hindus used numbers
as big as (10 to the power of 53) with specific names as early as 5000 BC
during the Vedic period. Even today, the largest used number is Tera 1012
(10 to the power of 12).*
-
- *By 1,500 BC, Indians used figures like square, circle, rectangle,
angles, triangle, fractions, algebraic formulae and astronomy and
metaphysics.*
-
- *The art of Navigation was born in the river Sindh 6000 years ago. The
very word Navigation is derived from the Sanskrit word NAVGATIH. The word
navy is also derived from Sanskrit ‘Nou’.*
-
- *The earliest reservoir and dam for irrigation was built in Saurashtra.
According to Saka King Rudradaman I of 150 BC a beautiful lake called
‘Sudarshana’ was constructed on the hills of Raivataka during Chandragupta
Maurya’s time.*
-
- *Originated in India – Pharmacology, brain surgery, medicine, artificial
colors and glazes, metallurgy, re-crystallization, chemistry, textile
production, hydraulic engineering, water powered devices, etc.*
*There are several success stories like:*
*Rabindranath Tagore (1913 Nobel Prize in Literature),*
*CV Raman (1930 Nobel prize for Raman effect),*
*JC Bose’s discovery of microwaves by 1895 and*
*Prof. Jagdeesh Bose (USA based IEEE has proved what has been a century-old
suspicion in the world scientific community that) the pioneer of Wireless
communication was not Marconi.*
<http://groups.yahoo.com/subscribe/worldmalayaliclub/>
*'என்ன வளம் இல்லை இந்தத் திருநாட்டில், *
*ஏன் கையை ஏந்த வேண்டும்**வெளிநாட்டில்'*
*வாழிய செந்தமிழ்! வாழ்க நற்றமிழர்!*
*வாழிய பாரதமணித் திருநாடு!*
*v **a n a k k a m** S u b b u*
* .*
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