Pranam Every instrument or the tools of the usage, of any specie were invented only from physics; nature; everything and every idea existed here and were adopted as a simple measure of utility but the vaisyas encashed all of them by marketing , altering the shape only making people compete to possess them. Nature was the first flute player; hollow branches passed the air raising a sound. Wind blew it and probacated the music. But the west says in wikipedia Flutes are the earliest known identifiable musical instruments <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic_flutes>, as paleolithic <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic> examples with hand-bored holes have been found. A number of flutes dating to about 43,000 to 35,000 years ago have been found in the Swabian Jura <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swabian_Jura> region of present-day Germany <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany>. Now read migration barbaric etc and come to a conclusion. K R IRS 10121
On Sun, 10 Jan 2021 at 09:08, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 < [email protected]> wrote: > *KUZHAL OOTHUM KANNANUKKU* > > *SRIKRISHNA PLAYING FLUTE* > > Dear friends, > > I have read long back, once Radha became angry with Krishna searching for > the misplaced flute and getting nervous of not getting it. Finally it was > got, and Krishna started playing forgetting everything. Once again Radha > became angry; she caught hold of the flute, broke the flute to two in her > anger. But it became two flutes. It got multiplied as she broke again. > > We have the photos of Krishna, playing flute singly, during cattle grazing > time, with gopikas or during rasaleela etc. Idols of Krishna are there > either singly or with Radha, playing flute. > > After his going to Madhura from Vrindavan, not much is told about Sri > Krishna and his flute. In the Mahabharata epic Sri Krishna appear as a > matured person. > > One thing has made me wonder- Why playing of flute is not done in a daily > manner in Krishna temples? I asked this point for clarification with > respected > Sri Narayanaswamy iyer. He countered with me a question- Why udukku is > not played in Siva temples and answered- It is not necessary to play the > favourate music instrument of the deities in their temples. > > Flute was well available in Dwapara Yuga. > > I was interested to know a little more of flute. The interesting > information gathered from websites compiled after much editing is given > below. > > Flute has rough translation as *odakkuzhal in Malayalam and pullankuzhal > in Tamil.* > > Sincerely, > > Gopala Krishnan 8-5-2012. > > *Reposted on 10-1-2021 after editing and updating information. R. Gopala > krishnan* > > 1. What is flute? > > The flute is a musical instrument of the wood wind family. Unlike wood > wind instruments with reeds (nanal or korukkai used for playing nadaswaram- > in short pee ppee), a flute is an aero phone or reed less wind instrument > that produces its sound from the flow of air across an opening. > > According to the instrument classification of Hornbostel-Sachs, flutes > are categorized as edge-blown aero phones. > > A musician who plays the flute can be referred to as a flute player, or a > flutist. > > I could read that the flutes are the earliest known musical instruments. *A > number of flutes dating to about 40,000 to 35,000 years ago have been found > in the Swabian Alb region of Germa*ny. These flutes demonstrate that a > developed musical tradition existed from the earliest period of modern > human presence in Europe. > > 2. History of flutes > > In 2008 a flute dated back to at least 35,000 years ago was discovered in > Hohle Fels cave near Ulm, Germany. > > The five-holed flute has a V-shaped mouthpiece and is made from A VULTURE > WING BONE. The researchers involved in the discovery officially published > their findings in the journal Nature, in August 2009. > > The discovery is also the oldest confirmed find of any musical instrument > in history. > > A three-holed flute, 18.7 cm long, made from a mammoth tusk dating to > 30,000 to 37,000 years ago was discovered in 2004, and two flutes made > FROM SWAN BONES excavated a decade earlier (from the same cave in Germany, > (dated to circa 36,000 years ago) are among the oldest known musical > instruments. > > The earliest written reference to a flute is from a Sumerian-language > cuneiform tablet dated to c. 2600-2700 BCE. > > Some early flutes were made out of tibias (SHIN BONES). > > The flute has also always been an essential part of Indian culture and > mythology, and the cross flute believed by several accounts to originate in > India as Indian literature from 1500 BCE has made vague references to the > cross flute. > > 3 Acoustics (Sound study associated with flute) Basic scientific > information – If difficult simply skip. > > A flute produces sound when a stream of air directed across a hole in the > instrument creates a vibration of air at the hole. > > The air stream across this hole creates a Bernoulli, or siphon. This > excites the air contained in the usually cylindrical resonant cavity within > the flute. > > The player changes the pitch of the sound produced by OPENING AND CLOSING > HOLES in the body of the instrument, thus changing the effective length of > the resonator and its corresponding resonant frequency. > > By VARYING THE AIR PRESSURE, a flute player can also change the pitch of > a note by causing the air in the flute to resonate at a harmonic other than > the fundamental frequency without opening or closing any holes. > > 3a. if a flute has to produce louder voice length has to be comparatively > more > > To be louder, a flute must use a larger resonator, a larger air stream, or > increased air stream velocity. > > A flute's volume can generally be increased by making its resonator and > tone holes larger. This is why a police whistle, a form of flute, is very > wide for its pitch, and why a pipe organ can be far louder than a concert > flute > > A large organ pipe can contain several cubic feet of air, and its tone > hole may be several inches wide, while a concert flute's air stream > measures a fraction of an inch across. > > 3b. Difficulty in playing pipe > > *The air stream must be directed at the CORRECT ANGLE AND VELOCITY, or > else the air in the flute will not vibrate.* > > I do recollect in 1964’s at Parrys corner in Chennai, a player selling > flutes, one played by him beautifully. After reaching room, when I tried > the purchased flute, it did not produce any good sound. My energy lost > was the result. > > In non-fipple flutes (no pee pee) which we use commonly, the air stream is > shaped and directed by the player's lips, called the embouchure. This > allows the player a wide range of expression in pitch, volume, and timbre, > especially in comparison to fipple/ducted flutes. > > Generally, the quality called timbre or "tone colour" varies because the > flute can produce harmonics in different proportions or intensities. > > The tone colour can be modified by changing the internal shape of the > bore, such as the conical taper, or the diameter-to-length ratio. > > A harmonic is a frequency that is a whole number multiple of a lower > register, or "fundamental" note of the flute. For simple understanding like > expanding waves in a pond. HAPPA, TECHNICAL DETAILS SOME WHAT OVER…. > > 4. Categories of flute > > In its most basic form, a flute can be an open tube which is blown like > a bottle. > > There are several broad classes of flutes. With most flutes, the musician > blows directly across THE EDGE OF THE MOUTHPIECE. > > The player of a side-blown flute uses a hole on the side of the tube to > produce a tone, instead of blowing on an end of the tube. > > End-blown flutes should not be confused with fipple flutes (using pee pee > in simple language the grass end) such as the recorder, which are also > played vertically but have an internal duct to direct the air flow across > the edge of the tone hole. > > Flutes may be open at one or both ends. Open-ended flutes such as the > concert flute and the recorder have more harmonics, and thus more > flexibility for the player, and brighter timbres. An organ pipe may be > either open or closed, depending on the sound desired. > > Flutes may have any number of pipes or tubes, though one is the most > common number. Flutes with multiple resonators may be played one resonator > at a time (as is typical with pan pipes) or more than one at a time (as is > typical with double flutes). > > Flutes can be played with several different air sources. Conventional > flutes are blown with the mouth, ALTHOUGH SOME CULTURES USE NOSE FLUTES. > The flue pipes of organs, which are acoustically similar to duct flutes, > are blown by bellows or fans. > > My note- In my boyhood days while using homakkuzhal to blow the firewood > in oven, sometimes it produced a pitched sound- I recollect now. Even using > mouth by blowing inside air, keeping the tongue and lips in a shallow > manner, we can produce a sound with pitch. It is called mouth whistle. Many > conductors in buses produce such a whistle to stop. > > I will continue with a part 2 before starting with Nadaswaram > > In nutshell what I understood- > > 1. Flute is the oldest musical instrument > > 2. The earliest flutes were made of tusks, hollow bones etc. > > 3. The flute can have either one end closed or both ends open > cylindrical form and made of wood. > > 4. Flutes can be played either through end or through an end hole > > 5. Flutes can be played with nose also though not popular > > 6. The cylindrical flutes are most common. It is played using mouth > pushing air, The air inside the pipe is made to vibrate > > 7. The opening and closing holes in the flute create sounds with > different pitch.*Compiler. R. Gopala Krishnan, 77, retired Asst General > Manager, Kerala Telecom, Trivandrum.* > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "iyer123" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/871993304.170096.1610249921536%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/871993304.170096.1610249921536%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZoqTzmQrbaSgpyRuFp%2BK7WHskF2%3DFOQUhVL45osDVxa65Q%40mail.gmail.com.
