CULTURAL QA02-2021-23 Being a compilation there may be errors
Q1 Why is it taking so longfor the Tamil Nadu government to acquire land for the second airport inChennai? A1 Nakul Sethuram Wed Lives in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India(2008–present) The location of the airport is being a Dilemma. And also there isn't much pressure fromthe current airport for the need for a second airport, as thecurrent airport could handle until 2030. But still, the current airport ishaving a lot of issues like poor maintenance, ground handling and lack of spaceto accommodate (due to the bad planning). The present airport could handle only 40–45 million passengers per annum(including the upcoming integrated and satellite terminal). But it isn'tsufficient as the airport should have at least cater 75–100 million for futuregrowth. At first,Sripeumbuthur was finalised, but later it was changed. And now, six locationswere finalised apart from Sriperumbuthur. If the government delay thesecond airport, then converting Solavaram airstrips into a Cargo terminal wouldease the stress in the current airport. Building a cargo terminal will be economical. The biggest advantage is the airstrip is located near the Outer ringroad, which is turning into a new industrial hub. And also the land acquisitionwon't be an issue. Thedisadvantage is there’s a lake beside the airstrip. The runaway canbe laid without disturbing the lake, but the area will be easily flooded ifthere is a heavy downpour. Q2 Why don't magnets stickto the opposite ends of other magnets? Sujata Singh, m.sc. Commerce& Income Taxes, Universityof Rajasthan (2020) Answered 1h ago You should say why same side ofmagnet always repel? Magnet always have a two direction: north and south. north + north =repel or vise versa and opposite side always attract. There is one thing for certain; it’s guaranteed to work at least as wellas any homeopathic remedy. Q3 Nickel is magnetic. Whydon't nickel or nickel-plated coins stick to magnets? A3 3 Answers Tom Graham, studied Associate of Special Science at House Of Life Extension UpdatedJuly 5, 2020 QUESTION-“Nickel is magnetic. Whydon't nickel or nickel-plated coins stick to magnets?” ANSWER-First, we’ll describemetal and coins, then scootch on over to magnetism, then circle round and discuss magnetic coins. There are several definitions of metal; there are elemental metals likegold, copper, or iron, which are lustrous, malleable, and ductile; the physicsdefinition, including materials which conduct electricity under certainconditions, like certain sodium compounds; and the astronomical definition,which puts a lot of materials into the metal category if they are heavier thanhydrogen or helium. We’re discussing elemental metals. Metals are useful for industrialor commercial purposes because they have certain characteristics such as tension, ductility, resistance tocorrosion, electrical conductivity and magnetism. Metals are produced in a process called mining.Minerals and ore deposits in the earth are extracted, refined by subjectingthem to extremely high temperatures, pressures, and/or acids, andare then formed or molded into desirable shapes. An alloy is a certain mixture or bond of two ormore metals. The terms purity and fineness describe how much of an importantmetal is contained in an alloy. For example, a silver bar with .999fineness is guaranteed to be at least 99.9% pure silver. In coinage, bars of alloy metal are flattened into strips of a certainthickness. Next, a machine called a punch cuts circular coin blanks from thestrips. The blanks are fed into another machine if a reeded edge is desired,and the punched-outstrips are re-melted and reprocessed into new strips. Then theblanks are fed into another machine where a coin image is impressed onto themfrom two dies under high pressure. All materials have magneticproperties. Reactions to magnetism range from strong attraction, weakattraction, repulsion, to sometimes both attraction and repulsion in such amanner that the net reaction (also called a magnetic moment) is zero. Most materials react in the weak attraction category. Reactions exist, but our ability toobserve them requires conditions and instruments common to laboratories.For example, recent experiments prove it is possible for a gas to be magnetic,but only slightly, and its temperature must be very close to absolute zero, atemperature that has to be created in a laboratory setting because it doesn’texist naturally on Earth. Colloquially, when we say that a metal is magnetic, we mean strongattraction. Only a few materialsexhibit this property, and you can usually demonstrate it easily using amagnet, which is very strong. That’s why steel coins may stick to amagnet, but they don’t stick to each other. Some materials are natural magnets (lodestone is one example). All magnetic materials have a corresponding temperature (Curie point)where magnetism ceases. By raising the temperature to the Curie point andapplying a magnetic field and vibration to these materials, they can bepermanently magnetized. The same process without the magnetic field canpermanently demagnetize the materials. It is also possible to temporarilymagnetize certain materials using coiled wire and an electric charge, creatingwhat is called an electromagnet. Electromagnets are used in motors, relays,generators, computer hard drives, solenoids, and they are all around us in themodern world. You can find common circulating coins that exhibit some of the propertiesdiscussed here. Due to manufacturing methods, not all steel is magnetic; not allvarieties of steel or nickel are magnetic. A common US five-cent piece iscalled a “nickel”, but it is only 25 percent nickel, with the balance beingcopper. Therefore, it is not magnetic. Of all US coins ever issued for circulation, only 1943 Steel Cents areconsidered magnetic. Many Canadian coins, especially those made in 1968 or later, aremagnetic. We’ll discuss 1-cent and 5-cent coins here. Canada has changed its five-cent coin composition eleven times since1858, using seven different alloys. If you have a Canadian nickel, look up thedate in the following table to determine whether it is magnetic or not. Recent Canadian cents (2000 until discontinuation in 2012) are made of94% steel, but collectors have found that about half of them are magnetic andhalf are not. We could go on and on about this, and for a while, we did. Hopefully,you’ll like this. 2ND ANSWER David Kahana,worked at Brookhaven National LaboratoryAnswered October 16, 2019 Pure nickel coins and pure nickel metal do stick to magnets: nickel inthe pure state is ferromagnetic at room temperature. However I think that there are no US coins which are either nickelplated, nickel clad, or pure nickel. So if you tested this with nickel coinsfrom the US you would draw the wrong conclusions. Current US five cent coins,or nickels, are 75% copper and 25% nickel, but they are alloyed. They areminted from solid nickel/copper alloy. Dimes I believe are about 8% nickel, andalso are alloyed. Alloying nickel with another metal suchas copper can destroy the ferromagnetic properties. The presence ofcopper atoms changes the whole crystal structure. There still may be a responseto magnets, likely there will be weak attraction - some degree of paramagnetism will exist, dependingon the alloy - just not the very strong attraction seen with ferromagneticmaterials, like pure nickel, iron or cobalt. There are certain years when Canadian nickels were in fact 99.99% purenickel, and Canadian nickels from those years will stick to magnets. 3RD ANSWER- BenWeaver, works at Drug and Pharmaceutical Companies Answered July 17, 2020 Short answer: US 5 cent coins(commonly known as “nickels”) are only 25% nickel. They are 75% copper, which is non-magnetic. Asis often the case with ferromagnetic metals, being alloyed witha non-magnetic metal like copper reduces their magnetism even further than thefact that it makes up only 1/4 the mass of the coin, (one reasonmany types of stainless steel are non-magnetic, despite being 70% iron or more)so you won’t even get 25% as much magnetic attraction as with pure nickel,which one might expect. However, it’s not entirely non-magnetic. If you suspend a US nickel froma thread, maybe 3 feet long orso, and then slowly bring a powerful magnet close to it, you’ll see that beforethe magnet touches it the coin will noticeably swing towards the magnet andmight even stick to it, but very weakly Q4 What are the facts thatelectric engineers know but common peopleusually do not know about electricity? A4 Sushang Agnihotri Updated August 23, 2020 Knows Gujarati My note- I have just included the answer. Always ensure all electrical testsare conducted by Electricians only Today I will tell you how you cancheck with electrician the wiring of your house whether it is doing the rightthing or not. It is very important to havethe right wiring and earthing in the house. The main purpose of applyingearthing is protection of self and family. You can avoid a lot of accidentswith this. You must have seen such a socket in your house. The top and biggest pin in it is called the Earth pin. The small pin on the right side iscalled a phase or live or positive pin. Also the small pin onthe left is called the neutral or negative pin. Now how will you ensure that your pin meaning is working correctly? Youcan do this using - With the help of multimeter First let me explain how you can check with multimeter. This is what themultimeter looks like. Although it is not available witheveryone, electric engineers and technicians alwayskeep it with them. Now follow the steps below to check yourearthing- First turn on the multimeterand set the selector switch to 750 volts AC. Now put the red wire (called probe) in the phase and put the black wirein neutral. You will get readings around 230. Now removethe black wire from the neutral and insert it into the Earth pin. If you getthe same reading again (around 230) then your earthing is doing the rightthing. Explanation - The average number of neutral points in our homes isultimately connected to the meaning. Hence we get the same type of reading bothtimes. It is around 230 which is the normal supply voltage of our homes. If youcheck the earthing from the multimeter and you get a reading muchlower than 230, it means that your earthing is not correct. This isbecause the voltage drops as the resistance of the Earth increases, so thevoltage is reduced. It is very important to do the job of earthing correctly in the home.Never try to ignore it. My note- Throughout my career in the telecom department Iwas using multimeter for various tests. Hence nostalgic memoriescame to me. Normally Electrician uses phase tester. They insert the pin oftester touching the body, in to phase and then in to neutral . Ensure there is no glow in neutral.Neutral glow means there is leakage. Earth is not proper. Incidentally if in water heater coil has become weak neutral will get slight glow.Immediate water coil replacement is required. Never take bath switching on waterheater. Switch off water heater after water is heated , and take bath using hotwater. Once again I repeat, ask electricianto do all electrical works, not by us. If at all electrical engineers, best ask electrical work men and give guidance.Elders are preferred not to do any electrical works Q5 Why do some powdereddrink mixes only dissolve in cold water vs. hot water? A5 Gayathri Krishnamurthy,former Assistant Professor in Food Science and Tech. (2006-2008) 26-2-2021 It is the chemical composition of the mix. If it has some ingredient that gels or denatures in a hot medium,you cannot use hot water to dissolve them. Q6 Why do substancesdissolve faster in hot water? A6 6 Answers-Kurt Van denBroeck, Ph.D. in Polymer chemistry Updated May 29, 2017 The problem with this kind of question is that theystart with an assumption i.e. substances dissolve faster in hot water.But infact this assumption is not correct. The wording “Faster” is very tricky since it is a kinetic term. Because of the fact that dissolution behavior of e.g. drug substances isa very important part of its bioavailability this is studied in detail and itturns out that it is rather complicated. But lets make it not too complicated. Lets forget the kinetic term andlets focus on the maximum solubility. So I would rephrase the question to “Why do many substances dissolve more in hot water?” For most solids the solubilityindeed gets higher with temperature. For most gases thesolubility gets lower with temperature.For liquids its all over the place. Some examples: Solids: Lets start with simple things like plain old kitchen salt (NaCl) or plainsugar (sucrose). You would notice that these are all endothermic when you woulddissolve them. Addition ofmore heat facilitates the dissolving reaction by providing energy to breakbonds in the solid. (Le Chatelier’s principle) Most solids behavelike that. Some salts e.g. calciumhydroxide behave differently the solvation process of this salt is anexothermic process therefore increasing the temp would lower the solubility. I used endothermic/exothermic behavior and Le Chatelier’s principle, butto be complete we should describe this in terms of Gibbs Free energy so besidesEnthalpy (H) we also need to include entropy (S). The free energy ofdissolution can be describes as dG = dH - TdS. In practice the temperature caneffect the entropic term, but also the enthalpies. It is the balance of theseprocess that determines the solubility of something. That is e.g. the reason why some salts behave even more complicated. e.g.Sodium sulfate as you notice solubility goes up to ca 32°C but then it behavestotally different and solubility goes down slightly. (below 32°C the Sodiumsulfate crystal structure is actually a decahydrate. Above the 32°C thisreleases crystal water. This has an effect on the entropic term. Gasses. For most gasses solubility goesdown when you go up in temperature. see e.g. Solubility of Gases in Water for chlorine gas: For gasses you go from a high entropic state (gas) to a lower entropicstate (solvated gas) so the dS term is negative.Noble gases, however, have amuch more complex solubility. The solubility decreases with increasedtemperature, eventually reaching a minimum; then the solubility reversesdirections, becoming more soluble at higher temperatures.(Material Anomalies ofWater) Liquids. no real rule: for somesolubility goes up for some it goes down. One famous example is triethylamine: Most people would think this compound is fully miscible with water. Itturns out that this is the case at temperatures less than 18 °C, but itseparates into two phases for a wide range of compositions as temperatureincreases. An effect characterized by Lower critical solution temperature. My note- Sometimes theadvertisement sheenlac polish is soluble now in plain water may come to many inthis context. 2nd answer Vanshika Arora, studied Studying 9th Standard atDav Public School, Patiala.Answered May 11, 2017 The substance dissolve faster in hot water than cold water because hot water is the processof evaporation it means when we will start boiling the water at 100degreeCelsius it get changes into water vapours so that's why particles ofgas are very far away from each other so there is much space to dissolve thesubstance My note- This is taught inprimary and middle school classes in simple terms. 3rd answer- FredKuryllowiczAnswered February 2, 2017 Heat is really a fancy way of saying how fast the molecules are moving frozenwater they are still…for them time stops cold water they move slowly sothe heat of our bodies warms them up by imparting more motion to them and in return having less motion themselves In hot water the molecules aregong very fast and hit things like a sugar cube with a lot of energy and imagine a old mideival castle having tiny rockshurled at it so dissolve (th)the walls of the castle :) Q7 Why does sugar dissolvemore easily in hot water than in cold? A7 Wayne Kelley, Diploma Chemistry & Industrial Processes,British Columbia Institute ofTechnology (2006)Answered May 9, 2017 It all comes down to energy. If you take a cup of water and measure the temperatureand then dissolve a salt into the water, you will notice a drop in temperature.This is because the energy needed to separate the molecules is taken from thewater. Therefore if youadd energy things will happen faster as you are adding energy by heating thesolution. Adding energy will also cause most reactions kinetics to increase forthe same reason. 2ND ANSWER. DanielBortolussi, A student or something Answered April 28, 2015 The solubility constant of a compound depends on temperature andincreases when the temperature of the substance increases. All the above QA are based onQuora digest to me on 26-2-2021. Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers Compiled and posted by R. 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