Pranam Many may bypass; it's difficult to understand; but if you strain to read where science exactly bewildered is known; and where our upanishads ( which I have not stated here ) simply explained the nature of light agni in many verses which is pure science.
Photons 1 Photons have no mass and always travel at the speed of light, so we can use *p= mV *to determine their momentum. The energy of a single photon is: *hv* or hw= (*h*/2pi/w// where *h *is Planck's constant: 6.626 x 10-34 Joule-sec. One photon of visible light contains about 10-19 Joules (not much!) Theta is the "photon flux," or the number of photons per second in a beam. theeta= *P */ *hv *where *P *is the beam power (in watts). 2 There are two different proposals for the momentum of light in a transparent dielectric… Despite many tests and debates over nearly a century, momentum of light in a transparent dielectric remains controversial. 3 Random (incoherent) light sources, such as stars and light bulbs, emit photons with random arrival times and a Bose-Einstein distribution. Laser (coherent) light sources, on the other hand, have a more uniform (but still random) distribution: Poisson. 4 If an atom emits a photon, it "recoils" in the opposite direction. If the atoms are excited and then emit light, the atomic beam spreads much more than if the atoms are not excited and do not emit. the photon transfers some of its energy to a particle (causing the particle to accelerate). This causes a change in the photon’s energy, and therefore in its wavelength. Since photons carry momentum, they can therefore exert pressure.This is known as radiation pressure. 5 "What is known of [photons] comes from observing the results of their being created or annihilated." 6 Today's scientific thinking is dominated by a number of underlying assumptions, spoken or unspoken. A few of them are: 1. Time has a preferred direction. 2. Isolated experiments are the key to fundamental physical quantities. 3. Space-Time has degrees of freedom of its own. 4. Matter and _elds are particulates in nature. 5. The most fundamental constructs in physics are particles manifest in high-energy experiments. These fundamental elements of matter are point particles. 6. Mathematical elegance is the most important attribute of a theory. 7. The mathematics of a theory constitutes the entire theory. 8. It is not necessary for a theory to enable conceptual reasoning. 9. It is acceptable for a theory to be logically inconsistent. 10. Theory often predicts new physical phenomena. 11. The successes in technological enterprise are attributable to current theoretical understanding. Once these prejudices are articulated, it becomes clear that not every person subscribes to all of them. Some seem self-evident, some seem irrelevant, and some seem nonsense to any given person. Yet no two people, even if they are working in the same discipline, agree on which is which. And all of these ideas are, in one way or another, effectively shaping current scientific discussion. 7 Alternate World View As strange as it may seem, the physical world, as we observe it, can be much more simply and elegantly understood using a quite different set of assumptions: 1. The most fundamental constructs in physics are the electromagnetic and gravitational interactions of matter. 2. Time enters these fundamental physical interactions in a totally symmetric way. The apparent preferred direction of time is thermodynamic in origin. 3. Every element of matter is coupled to all other matter on its light cone by time-symmetric interactions. 4. Matter interacts directly with other matter. The time-symmetric nature of these interactions make them effectively instantaneous. 5. The properties of matter, such as its rest energy, its inertia, its radiation reaction, its spontaneous emission, and other properties as well, are manifestations of these interactions. There is no such thing as an isolated experiment. 6. Fields have no degrees of freedom of their own. They are simply bookkeeping mechanisms for the direct interaction of matter with other matter. 7. Space-Time has no degrees of freedom of its own. It is simply a coordinate system within which we can express physical law. 8. Matter is, at the fundamental level, wavelike in nature. There is no such thing as a point particle. Quantization of matter is due to the formation of bound states of matter wave functions. 9. Quantization of quantum transition energies is due to the discreteness of these bound matter states. The _elds themselves are simply a representation of the matter interactions. They confer no additional constraints on those interactions. 10. A \photon" can be best viewed as a transaction between two atoms on the same light cone. Such a transaction requires an exquisite degree of phase matching between the quantum states of the two coupled atoms, and is therefore a rare event. Photon statistics result from the chance correlations of atomic wave function phases. 11. The \photon" transaction can be viewed as a brief entanglement of the quantum states of the two participating atoms. 12. The transaction is itself a completely continuous process. When a transaction is initiated, it grows exponentially with time. This highly nonlinear evolution gives the appearance of an abrupt \quantum jump" as the atomic wave functions \collapse". 13. The observed particulate \photon" behavior is not due to the nature of _fields, but is a manifestation of entropy, related to the thermodynamic arrow of time. 14. It is centrally important for a theory to be logically consistent. 15. Mathematical elegance is important in a theory when it aids conceptual reasoning. It is destructive when it obscures otherwise accessible conceptual understanding. 16. It is rare for theory to predict new physical phenomena. In most cases each new phenomenon is discovered/invented experimentally, and the current theory is quickly \adjusted" so as to \predict" the observed result. 17. The successes in technological enterprise are attributable to conceptual reasoning. \Fundamental" physical theory, as taught in universities and propagated in the literature, has a long history of hindering conceptual reasoning, and therefore technological progress. 8 Einstein put it: I feel it is a delusion to think of the electrons and the _fields as two physically different, independent entities. Since neither can exist without the other, there is only one reality to be described which happens to have two different aspects; and the theory ought to recognize this from the start instead of doing things twice. According to the assumption to be contemplated here, when a light ray is spreading out from a point, the energy is not distributed continuously over ever-increasing spaces, but consists of a _finite number of energy quanta that are localized in points in space, move without dividing, and can be absorbed or generated only as a whole. 9 There is, however, another quite different way of visualizing the photon that has a very real place in understanding coherent systems: In all the recent Bose-Einstein work, intense laser beams are used to cool collections of atoms to nano-Kelvin temperatures. If those beams were made up of Copenhagen \photons", the \photon shot noise" would increase as the square root of the intensity. What actually happens is that the cooling improves as we increase the laser-beam intensity up to a point, after which no further improvement is observed. The point at which this limit is reached scales directly with the coherence of the laser beam. So that limit is indeed the result of photon shot noise|and the photons are the places where an otherwise completely coherent wave has a local loss of coherence|a \phase slip". In our coherent optical world, photons are the \noise" in an otherwise noiseless process. 10 The idea that photons have a finite lifespan, and therefore mass, is difficult to imagine. Indeed, astronomers looking at distant cosmic objects regularly detect photons that are billions of years old. But some theories suggest that photons could have a non-zero rest mass, albeit a small one – the upper limit for the mass of the photon is constrained to 10–18 eV or 10–54 kg thanks to experiments with electric and magnetic fields. And with this small mass, a photon could decay into other lighter elementary particles, such as a pair of the lightest neutrino and an antineutrino, or even particles that are currently unknown and beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. 11 If the photon has mass and is decaying into lighter particles, then the number density of photons in the CMB ( cosmic microwave back ground) should decrease as the photons travel. But this in turn would mean that the CMB spectrum would no longer fit the near-perfect thermal curve that is observed. As the CMB is an almost a perfect black body, very few photons, if any, will have decayed during the 13.8-billion-year existence of the universe and so the CMB measurements can constrain the photon’s lifetime. ( you asked where it goes) KR IRS 5821 On Thu, 5 Aug 2021 at 09:47, Markendeya Yeddanapudi < [email protected]> wrote: > > Instead of sending a write up of mine,I am trying to post questions for > discussion and interaction. > What is in reality a photon?Are we also photosynthesized?Are we as the > arrested photons,struggling to return to natural speed of light?And is > there a destination for photons?To where are they proceeding at the > ultimate speed of light.And at the destination,is there a grand > photosynthesized universe? > YM > > -- > *Mar* > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "iyer123" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/CACDCHCJ02XJ_qtAcdtg2HOfWuAofvb9DGrvNz%2B1mtzAJgs70kg%40mail.gmail.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/CACDCHCJ02XJ_qtAcdtg2HOfWuAofvb9DGrvNz%2B1mtzAJgs70kg%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZop3xn-%2BHBpSJTjt1Q4y%3DVEKSQYjBbZLJE3hNwdM%2BhFxig%40mail.gmail.com.
