Pranam Have you heard so many versions? KR IRS 6821 CAP
head <https://www.learnsanskrit.cc/index.php?tran_input=head&direct=au&script=hk&link=yes&mode=3> शिरस्त्र <https://www.learnsanskrit.cc/index.php?tran_input=zirastra&direct=au&script=hk&link=yes&mode=3> n. zirastra <https://www.learnsanskrit.cc/index.php?tran_input=zirastra&direct=au&script=hk&link=yes&mode=3> Cap cap <https://www.learnsanskrit.cc/index.php?tran_input=cap&direct=au&script=hk&link=yes&mode=3> The characteristic features of the crowns of the gods and the kings will be described now [viz., *mauli <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/mauli#shilpashastra>-lakṣaṇa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/lakshana#hinduism>*]. 13-16. In respect of form (lit., shape) and measure they (the crowns) are classified into the *Jaṭā <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/jata#hinduism>*, *Mauli*, *Kirīṭa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kirita#hinduism>*, *Karaṇḍa*, *Śirastraka <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shirastraka#shilpashastra>*, *Kuntala <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kuntala#shilpashastra>*, *Keśabandha <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/keshabandha#shilpashastra>*, *Dhammilla <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/dhammilla#shilpashastra>*, *Alaka <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/alaka#hinduism>*, *Cūḍaka*, and *Makuṭa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/makuta#hinduism>*; and the three kinds of (plainer) diadems are known to be the *Patrapaṭṭa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/patrapatta#shilpashastra>*, the *Ratnapaṭṭa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/ratnapatta#shilpashastra>*, and the *Puṣpapaṭṭa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/pushpapatta#shilpashastra>*. 17. The *Jaṭā* (matted hair), and the *Makuṭa* (diadem) are fit for Brahmā <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/brahma#shilpashastra> (the grandfather) and Rudra <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/rudra#shilpashastra> (Śiva <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shiva#shilpashastra>). 18. The *Kirīṭa*, and the *Makuṭa* are suited to Nārāyaṇa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/narayana#shilpashastra> (Viṣṇu <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vishnu#shilpashastra>). 19. The *Karaṇḍa*, and the *Makuṭa* are fit for the inferior gods. 20. The *Jaṭā*, the *Mauli*, the *Makuṭa*, and the *Kuntala* are suitable for Manonmanyā (Rati <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/rati#shilpashastra>, the goddess of love). 21. The *Keśabandha* and the *Kuntala* are fit for Sarasvatī <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sarasvati#shilpashastra> and Sāvitrī <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/savitri#hinduism>. 22. As an alternative (i.e., general rule) the *Karaṇḍa* and the *Makuṭa* may be fit for all the female deities (Śakti <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shakti#shilpashastra>). 23. The *Kirīṭa* is suitable for the kings *Sārvabhauma <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sarvabhauma#hinduism>* (i.e., *Cakravartin <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/cakravartin#hinduism>*) and *Adhirāja <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/adhiraja#hinduism>*. 24. The *Karaṇḍa* is (fit) for the king *Narendra <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/narendra#hinduism>*, and *Śirastraka* for the *Pārṣṇika*. 26-27. The *Patrapaṭṭa* is fit for (the class of kings known as) the *Paṭṭadhara*, the *Ratnapaṭṭa* for the *Pārṣṇika*, and the *Puṣpapaṭṭa* for the *Paṭṭabhāj*: this has been said by the ancient (authorities). 28. The *Puṣpamālya* (flower garland instead of a diadem) is prescribed for the *Prāhāraka* and the *Astragrāha* (classes of kings). 29. The *Kuntala* and the *Makuṭa* should be fit for the queens of the *Cakravartin* (class of universal monarchs). 30. The *Keśabandhana* should be fib for the queens of the *Adhirāja* and the *Narendra* (classes of kings). 31-32. The *Dhammilla* and the *Makuṭa* are said to be fit for the queens of the classes of kings known as the *Pārṣṇika*, the *Paṭṭadhara*, the *Maṇḍaleśa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/mandalesha#history>*, and the *Paṭṭabhāj*. 33. The *Alaka* and the *Cūḍaka* are fit for the queens of the (kings known as the) *Prāhāraka*, and the *Astragrāha*. 34. The height of the crown (in all cases) should be equal to, twice, or thrice the length of the face. 35. (The height of the crown) of Brahmā and Rudra should be twice the face less one-fourth. 36. (The height of the crown) of the other gods also should be less than twice the face by one-fourth or one-half. 37. (The height of the crowns) of the *Kinnaras <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kinnara#hinduism>* and the *Yakṣakas* should be equal to their face, or one-and-one-half of it. 38. (The height of the crowns) of all the female deities should be twice their face. 39. The width (lit., length) of all the *Makuṭa* (crowns) should extend along the extremity of the hair (on the forehead) from ear to ear (lit., from one earring to the other). 40. The width of the crowns (lit., ornaments, of the head) at the bottom should be equal to the length of the face. 41-42. The width of the *Makuṭa* (crowns) at the top should be less than that (i.e„ the width at the bottom) by one-eighth or one-sixteenth, the length of the crest extending from the upper extremity of the middle portion. 43-44. The width of the *Karaṇḍa* crown at the top is said to be one-half or one-third of the width at the bottom. 45. All the crowns should be made gradually tapering from bottom to top. 46. The height of the crowns of the *Bhauma <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/bhauma#hinduism>* (i.e., *Sārvabhauma* class of) kings should be equal to the base (*bāhu <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/bahu#hinduism>*) of their head 47. (The height of the crown) of the *Mahārāja <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/maharaja#hinduism>* should be less than that height by one-sixteenth part. 48. (The height of the crown) of the king called the *Narendra* should be less by two parts (out of the sixteen parts). 49. The height of the crown of the *Pārṣṇika* (class of kings) is said to be a half (of this height of sixteen parts). 50-51. The height of the *Makuṭa* crowns of the queens of the *Cakravartin* and the *Adhirāja* (classes of kings) should be equal to the girth of the head, or three-fourths or one-half thereof. 52. (The height of the crowns) of all the other queens is said by the wise (architects) to be equal to the length of their face (between the ears). 53. The height of the *Dhammilla* and the *Alaka* crowns should be less (than that of the *Makuṭa*,? the length of the face) by one-fourth, or one-hall. 54. The expert (architect) should make the measurement of the remaining (crowns) as said before. 55-56. The height of the *Paṭṭa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/patta#hinduism>* (diadem or turban) should be one-third of the girth of the head: such should be (the diadem) of the *Paṭṭadhara* (class of kings) whose diadem (*paṭṭa*) should cover the head. 57. The height of the diadem (*paṭṭa*) of the king *Maṇḍaleśvara <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/mandaleshvara#hinduism>* should be one-fourth (of the girth of his head). 58-59. The height of the diadem (*paṭṭa*) of the king called the *Paṭṭabhāj* should be one-sixth of the girth of his head. 60. Thus is described the measurement of all (the crowns); their ornaments will be stated here. 61-66. It (the *Makuṭa* crown of the *Cakravartin*) should be furnished with garlands made of ten leaves (rows or strings) of gold and other metals; there should be five hundred, one thousand, two thousand or two thousand and five hundred *niṣkas <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/nishka#hinduism>*; the number of gold pieces (in the crown) is stated to be of three varieties from the smallest to (i.e., including the intermediate, and) the largest; they are stated to be (distinguished) in connection with the four kinds of coronation of the *Cakravartin* (class of monarchs), namely, the *Prāpta* (i.e., *Prathama <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/prathama#hinduism>*), *Maṅgala <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/mangala#shilpashastra>*, *Vīra <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vira#hinduism>*, and *Vijaya <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vijaya#shilpashastra>*. 67. The number of gold pieces in the *Makuṭa* crown of the queen should be a half of those (in the king’s). 68-69. The number of gold pieces in the *Makuṭa* crown of the *Adhirāja* is stated to be up to two thousand, classified as before into three varieties. 70-73. For the *Makuṭa* crown of the *Narendra* (class of kings) the number of gold pieces in the smallest (the intermediate) and the largest (crowns) should begin from five hundred and end at one thousand and five hundred, the increment being by five hundred; for (this class of) kings in particular they (those gold pieces) should be attached to the fillet ( *paṭṭa*) around the head (*bera <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/bera#shilpashastra>*). 74-76. The number of gold pieces in the *Śirastra* crown of the *Pārṣṇika* (class of kings) is stated to begin from four hundred gold pieces (*niṣka <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/nishka#hinduism>*) and end at twelve hundred, the increment being by four hundred, there being three series in each of the smallest and the other (the intermediate and the largest) types. 77-79. The number of gold pieces in the *Paṭṭa* crown of the *Paṭṭadhara* (class of kings) in the smallest, (the intermediate), and the largest types should begin from three hundred gold pieces (*niṣka*) and end at nine hundred, the increment being by three hundred. 80-82. The number of gold pieces in the *Paṭṭa* crown of the king *Maṇḍaleśa* in the three types ending at (i.e., including the smallest, the intermediate and) the largest type is said to begin from two hundred gold pieces and end at six hundred, the increment being by two hundred. 83-85. The number of gold pieces to be attached to the *Paṭṭa* crown of the *Paṭṭabhāj* (class of) kings in the smallest, (the intermediate) and the largest types should begin from one hundred gold pieces and end at three hundred, the increment being by one hundred. 86-87. The height of the *Makuṭa* crown of the kings from top to bottom should extend to the extremity of their hair, and the height of the crest jewel thereof should be made in addition above the former (height). 88-91. The *Jaṭā*, the *Makuṭa*, the *Keśabandha*, and the *Kuntala* should be triangular (*tripuṭa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/triputa#hinduism>*) in plan; the *Kirīṭa* and the *Mauli* should be somewhat like the ear; the *Karaṇḍa* should resemble the beak of the peacock; the *Śirastra* should look like the bubble; the *Dhavimilla* should be shaped like the creeper; and the *Alaka*, and the *Cūḍa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/cuda#hinduism>* should be made extending from the extremity of the hair 92-94. The height of the crown of the kings being divided into twenty-six parts, the height of the ploughshare-like fillet (*phālapaṭṭa*) should be five parts, the crest (*cūḍa*) a half of that (i.e., two-and-a-half parts); the height of the ear (*pura <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/pura#vastushastra>*) should be five parts, and the height of (lit., width) of the bottom (i.e., lower portion) six parts. 95-99. The height of the crowns of the gods being divided into twenty parts, the (height of the) side ear (*pārśvapūrita*) should be nine parts, and the height (lit., breadth) of the beak (*tuṇḍa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/tunda#hinduism>*) six parts; the front (upper) fillet (*agrapaṭṭa*) should be one part and a-half, and the threefold band (*vetraka*) three-fourths part; the fillet (*paṭṭa*) at the upper region should be half a part, and the three-fold band above one-fourth part; above that the lotus (*padma <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/padma#shilpashastra>*, cyma) should be made of one part, and the height of the bud (*kuḍmala <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kudmala#hinduism>*,) of two parts. 100. This (height) should cover the distance between the base of the crown and the crowning fillet, and above that should be made the crest jewel. 101. The height of the crest jewel (*śikhāmaṇi <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shikhamani#hinduism>*) is said to extend from the band (*vetra*) to the bud (*kuḍmala*). 102-103. Along the height of the lower band one part should be covered with garlands of jewels, (and) all the circular members should be discreetly fitted thereto. 104. All the other regions should be furnished with the wave-shaped mouldings. 105. The interior of the wave-shaped mouldings should be adorned with flowers and jewels. 106. The two parts of the ear (*pūrita*) should be adorned with the carving of crocodiles. 107. The interior of that should be furnished with jewel bands (*ratnabandha <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/ratnabandha#shilpashastra>*) surrounded with (ornamental) leaves (*patra <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/patra#shilpashastra>*). 108. The jewel band (*ratnabandha*) should be made in the front, and on the outside it should be surrounded with creepers (*vallikā <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vallika#hinduism>*). 109. In the region of the face part of the crocodile should be carved the garland of creepers (*valli <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/valli#shilpashastra>*) together with its projection. 110. At the front and back there should be a continuous string of crocodiles. 111. The band portion of the (*Mauli*) crown should be ornamented with garlands of pearl (looking) like creepers. 112-113. The height of the front (forehead) fillet (*paṭṭa*) being divided into four parts, the fillet-band (*paṭṭabandha <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/pattabandha#shilpashastra>*) should be one part (which should be) adorned with all jewels. 114. Below that the half-moon (orescent) above the forehead should be adorned with garlands of jewels. 115. The upper portions of the ears should be furnished with ear-leaves and ear-flowers. 116. The garlands suspending therefrom should be ornamented with all jewels. 117. The crest jewels should be engraved in the portion below the middle of the earring (*pūri <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/puri#history>*). 118. The four ear-rings (*pūri*) should be made above the two ears and at their (two) sides. 119. The back ear-ring (*pūri*) should be made in the upper portion of the back of the head. 120-122. The disc (*cakra <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/cakra#shilpashastra>*)-like ornaments should be made at the middle and bottom of the back (of the head); the width of the head-disc should be one-third the girth of the head; it (the disc) should be made (perfectly) circular, and all jewels should be engraved thereon. 123. Such should be the crowns (known as) the *Kirīṭa* and the *Makuṭa*; they should be adorned with all ornaments. 124. There should be an upper band in the crowns (known as) the *Jaṭā* and the *Cūḍa*, and in their forepart should be furnished the fillets, etc. 125. The crest jewels should be made in the middle, and the garlands should be suspended along the sides. 126. The intervals of the *Jaṭā* (matted hair) should be adorned with flowers, and the rest should be made as before. 127. In the very same way should be made the (crown known as the) *Keśabandha*. 127-129. With regard to the *Mauli* crown there should be a pretty band in. the middle, above that should be made the surrounding (lit., bee-shaped) locks of hair in rows; the rest should be made as before, and it should be adorned with all ornaments. 130. In the very same way should be made the *Kuntala*, and it should be furnished with the middle bands. 131. The bees should be carved all over and the peculiarities thereof should be as before. 132. The crest jewel should be made over the top of the head, and therefrom should rise the bad (*kuḍmala*). 133. The total breadth of the buds should cover one-third of the width at the forepart. 134. It should be generally shaped like the *pināka <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/pinaka#hinduism>* (the bow or club of Siva <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shiva#shilpashastra>), and the rest should be made as before. 135. Round the width there should be three, four, or five rows (*valaya <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/valaya#vastushastra>*, lit., bracelets) of bands furnished with lotuses. 136. As said before, the upper portion should be adorned with bud ornaments, but there should be no garlands. 137. The rest should be made as before; thus are described the *Karaṇḍa* and the *Śirastraka* (crowns). 138-139. The width at the forepart of the *Dhammilla* crown should be one-third of the girth of the head; the width at its bottom should be three-fifths of the width (at the top). 140. It should be furnished with three-fold bracelets, but there should be made no crest jewel. 141. All jewels should be engraved thereon, but there should not be any ear-rings (*karṇa-pūraka <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/karnapuraka#hinduism>*). 142. But there should be furnished the crest (of the head), and the rest should be made as before. 143. In the very same way should be ma le the *Alaka* and the *Cūḍaka* crowns; bub there should be a jewel band at the base. 144-145. The width at the top, bottom, and middle is said to be uniform, (or) the width at the upper portion of the height (i.e., the top) should be one-third of that (at the base). 146. It should be adorned with the nine gems, and the rest should be made as before. 147. Its general features should be made of fillets resembling the ploughshare (*phālapaṭṭa*). 148. It should be furnished with leaves and jewels, etc.; this is known as the *Patrapaṭṭa* (leaf-diadem). 149. The same when adorned with the nine gems (instead of the ploughshare fillets) is (called) the *Ratnapaṭṭa* (jewel-diadem). 150. The same when furnished with various flowers is known as the *Puṣpapaṭṭa* (flower-diadem). 151. The *aṣṭamaṅgalas <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/ashtamangala#hinduism>* (lit., eight auspicious things) should be attached to the crest of all (the crowns). 152. The *śrīvatsa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shrivatsa#shilpashastra>* mark should be made in the middle, and below that a full pitcher (*pūrṇakumbha <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/purnakumbha#shilpashastra>*). 153. On its sides should be the chowry (*cāmara <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/camara#shilpashastra>*) and the lamp (*dīpa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/dipa#hinduism>*), and the umbrella (*chatra <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/chatra#shilpashastra>*) should be made at the top. 154. The mirror should be fixed on the right and the conch (*śaṅkha <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shankha#shilpashastra>*) and the cross-like (*svastika <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/svastika#vastushastra>*) figures on the left. 155-166. In the same way the crowns of the kings being furnished with a neck-fillet (*galapaṭṭa*) would be suitable for the (respective) queens of all the kings. 157. All the crowns should be adorned with all ornaments. 158-159. The height of all the flower-crowns (*Puṣpamakuṭa*, i.e., *paṭṭa*) should be equal to the girth of the head; three-fourths or one-half thereof should be adorned with all flowers. 160. There should be four corners on the four aides, or they should be circular (round) in shape. 161. They should be shaped like the *Makuṭa*, the *Karaṇḍa*, or the *Kirīṭa* (crowns). 162. Similarly crowns (*Mukuṭa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/mukuta#hinduism>*) should be made properly (lit., according to the rules) without any flowers. 163. In case of the kings (*Paṭṭadhara* and *Paṭṭahhāj*) who put on the *Paṭṭa* diadems, the flower-fillet should be made over a half (of their crowns). 164. In case of the other (petty) kings, a garland should be worn (instead of a crown) on the head[8] <https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/manasara-english-translation/d/doc421097.html#note-e-145498> . 165-166. The *Prāpta* (i.e., *Prathama*, first), the *Maṅgala* (auspicious), the *Vīra* (heroic), and the *Vijaya* (victory): these are said to be the four kinds of coronation [viz., *abhiṣeka <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/abhisheka#hinduism>*] for the *Cakravartin* (class of the universal monarchs). 167-168. The flower-coronation (*puṣpābhiṣeka*) of the three descendent kings (i.e., the *Mahārāja*, the *Narendra*, and the *Pārṣṇika*) also (i.e., in addition to the *Cakravartin*)1 should be performed after the first coronation according to the rules of the science (*śāstra <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shastra#vastushastra>*) stated before. 169-171. During the coronation ceremonies of the kings the chief architect (*sthapati <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sthapati#shilpashastra>*) in particular together with the assistants (*sthāpaka <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sthapaka#vastushastra>*), the Brahmans <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/brahman#hinduism>, and the wise should perform the preliminary rites (*aṅkurārpaṇa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/ankurarpana#vastushastra>*, lit., sewing the seed), and carry out all other ceremonies ending at the concluding purification (*adhivāsa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/adhivasa#hinduism>*). 172. After this above-mentioned purification (*adhivāsa*) ceremony the filling up of the pitchers with water should be taken, up. 173-174. The king (to be anointed) should be seated on the throne in the north of the sacrificial pavilion (*maṇdapa*) and then the anointing proper (coronation) should be commenced. 175. The pitchers should be filled with water from rivers or seas and also with curdled milk. 176-177. The preceptor and the chief architect (*sthapati*)[9] <https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/manasara-english-translation/d/doc421097.html#note-e-145499> should finish the ceremonies of anointing with water amidst the chanting of the *Atharvan <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/atharvan#hinduism>* and the *Sāman <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/saman#hinduism>* hymns, and the other scriptural (*āgama <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/agama#hinduism>*) incantations (*mantra <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/mantra#hinduism>*). 178-179. Then after the sacrifice, the *tripuṇḍraka <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/tripundraka#hinduism>*[10] <https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/manasara-english-translation/d/doc421097.html#note-e-145500> figure should be marked with the sacrificial remains with the help of the *kusa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kusha#hinduism>* [*kuśa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kusha#hinduism>*?] grass on the forehead (of the king) according to rules. 180. Thereafter he (the king) should put on a very fine silk <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/silk#history> (*dukula <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/dukula#hinduism>* [*dukūla <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/dukula#hinduism>*?]) cloth, marked with the figure of the goose. 181. The white sandal (solution), musk, and saffron should be besmeared over his body. 182. He should then be adorned with the sacred thread, the upper garment (*uttarīya <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/uttariya#hinduism>*) and all other ornaments. 183. The coronation hall should be decorated with all ornaments. 184. The preceptor architect (*sthapati-guru <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/guru#vastushastra>*) should get the crown and the lion-throne brought down there. 185. The central theatre should be sprinkled with the five products of the cow (*pañcagavya <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/pancagavya#hinduism>* ). 186. The leading priests should then hold up the crown. 187-188. Thereafter the king should be seated there, being furnished with the throne, the ornamental (*kalpa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kalpa#hinduism>*) tree, the arch (*toraṇa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/torana#vastushastra>*) the crest (*niryūha <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/niryuha#hinduism>*), and other ornaments. 189. The king should sit together with the queen on his left side. 190-192. On an auspicious moment of good constellation of stars, both the chief architect (*sthapati*) and bis assistant (*sthāpaka*) should place the crown adorned with jewels on the head of the king, amidst the pronouncement of benediction (*svasti <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/svasti#history>*) and all other auspicious sounds. 193-194. The garlands made of grass (*durvā <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/durva#hinduism>*) and the *madhuka <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/madhuka#hinduism>* flowers should be placed over the chest and round the arms; a point should be marked on the forehead with curdled milk, and the eyes should be adorned with the dye (*añjana <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/anjana#hinduism>*). 195. Afterwards he should be presented with the (holy vapour of the burning of) incense, and lamp, and with the holy rice. 196. The barley plant, grass, and the bark of *plakṣa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/plaksha#hinduism>* tree should be placed on a plate (*bhājana <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/bhajana#hinduism>*). 197. The ceremony of waving lights (*nirājana <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/nirajana#hinduism>*) (before the king) should be performed according to the rules of the scripture (*śāstra*) by the old experienced and learned ministers. 198-199. After the pronouncement of benediction by those well-wishing aged people, and by the auspicious women the liquid turmeric mixed with raw rice grain (*akṣata <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/akshata#hinduism>*) should be sprinkled (over the king and his consort) by the twice born. 200. After this the king should mount up the great elephant (*airāvata <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/airavata#vastushastra>*). 201-204. The lustre of the pearls and other jewels on the crown of the king mounted on the back of the elephant should illuminate all sides; and the rays of his moon-like face with the fillet (*paṭṭa*) on the forehead should brighten all the directions. 205-206. He (the king) should be fanned from all sides with the royal chowries and be attended on by the pretty women all round him. 207-208. He should be also shaded with the four (royal) umbrellas, furnished with leaves (*pallava <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/pallava#shilpashastra>*) and the mirror, etc., made of jewels. 209-210. He should be surrounded with banners, flags, and pitchers made of gold. 211-212. Afterwards (i.e., with such a gorgeous procession) ho should ride round the city amidst singing, dancing, and all other musics. 213. They (the procession) should thus circumambulate the city with all auspicious proclamations. 214. At the time of entering into the palace the kings should be blind-folded. 215-216. Corns, rice pudding, milk, cloths, earth, and all auspicious and inauspicious things should be placed (lit., thrown) before him by the wise man (? architect preceptor). 217-219. The learned man will ascertain whether there would follow a famine or plenty of things, by observing which thing is touched by the (blind-folded) king proceeding unassisted with his hands; he should also ascertain the strength (prowess), victory, fame, and fortune (of the king himself). 220. If the rice porridge and rice, etc., be touched, there will be always an abundance of food stuff (in the kingdom). 221. If the heap of rice corn is touched by the (royal) hand <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/hand#hinduism> there will be plenty of food. 222. If gold, iron, jewels and other precious metals be touched, it indicates that the subjects will prosper. 223. If the sword or other weapons be touched, it bespeaks of his prowess. 224. It would be unfortunate for the whole kingdom if any inauspicious things be touched by the king. 225. Silver and other things would increase (in the country) if they be touched by the king. 226-227. The *Prāpta* (i.e., *Prathama*), the *Maṅgala*, the *Vīra* and the *Vijaya*: these four kinds of coronations mentioned before are thus described. 228-229. All those (four) coronations are meant for all the kings. And what are known as the *Kāmya <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kamya#hinduism>* (desirable), the *Nitya <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/nitya#hinduism>* (daily) and the *Naimittika <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/naimittika#hinduism>* (occasional), etc., should be the installations for the gods. 230-231. All these should thus be carried, out according to the directions of the *śāstra* (guide books) as prescribed by the scriptures (*Vedas <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vedas#hinduism>*), the traditions (*Purāṇas <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/puranas#hinduism>*), all the great sages headed by *Mānasāra <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/manasara#vastushastra>* and others, and by those who are learned in the science of architecture (*śilpaśāstra <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shilpashastra#shilpashastra>*). Thus in the *Mānasāra*, the science of architecture, the forty-ninth chapter, entitled: “The description of the crowns and coronation.” On Thu, 5 Aug 2021 at 21:05, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 < [email protected]> wrote: > *THOPPI (CAP)* > Dear friends, > > > *Two days back I was seeing the film Uriyati in Soorya TV. The story > relate to incidents in the police quarters with some celebrations including > Uriyati. During celebrations one police constable lost his revolver > suspended from a holder in his home and he was placed under suspension. > Another senior official lost all the ornaments kept for his daughter’s > wedding selling his property. The story mostly humorous find out how such > things happened. * > > > *On seeing the loss of revolver, the incident of losing cap by a constable > and not able to go to police station came to my memory in another film. I > thought I may write on cap today. * > > *Sincerely,* > > > *Gopala Krishnan. 05-8-2021 * > > > *1. Metallic cap * > > *Metallic cap is worn by special police force, which we can very often see > during tense situations, and by army people in duty. It was a scene for me > to look at people of different cadres, at construction places in Dubai > wearing metallic or tough fiber caps (during my visit to Dubai in 2002). > Now all major constructors in India also have made it compulsory to have > workers wear caps while on duty. * > > > *I have seen during meals time workers wearing uniform dress and cap > walking in rural village road from the factories set up there near Chennai. > Similarly in the early morning workers doing bridge works in uniform and > wearing cap while going to travel by early morning trains from Chennai > central. (MGR Chennai central Railway station) * > > > *2. Thoppi poya pinnae enta? * > > > *I do not recollect the name of the film; Jayaram, slightly disturbed > mind, taking away the cap and dress of his brother in law Janardanan, and > Janardhanan could not go for duty. * > > > *Police people would have more dresses, but cap would be one. Without cap, > on those days we cannot see the police staff. Now in all soaps, especially > police women wear cap for a scene and later only uniform… * > > > *In another film, Jayaram takes away his brother in law’s (Kalabhavan > Mani) cap and never return back and he is thinking means how to get it > back. * > > > *The cap of earlier days was more majestic with SANKHU MUDRA and red > ribbon borders for the cap in Kerala. We could see the police without cap > only in teashops; keeping it close to them have always a vigil on it while > eating snacks and drinking tea. * > > > *The present day caps are flat, not so nice looking as old one. I do not > know how far it was true- those wearing the old caps were below SSLC and > those wearing the Blue front caps are of SSLC when the caps were > introduced. * > > > *A police staff placed on suspension or dismissed etc are told AS “THOPPI > POYA POLICE”. He is like any other person. There is a normal usage also by > those who command police – “Thantae thoppi therippikkum” meaning, I will > see that “your cap would be flied off”. Such talks are common in films. * > > > *3. Caps in profession * > > > *The pilots have to wear compulsorily caps, and some ground engineers > also. This cap really gives a majestic look to them, increasing their > personality. Similarly air hostesses. * > > > *At one time our postmen had to compulsorily wear the cap. Now the uniform > does not include cap, I think. Yester years the telegraph man, telephone > lineman all had caps. * > > > *In the hospital nurses have to compulsorily wear caps. I do recollect one > head nurse; refuse entry of a nurse to ICU without cap. I was in ICU > listening to it. * > > *4 Hotels and caps for servers.* > > * The caps if worn ensure hair would not fall on food. But it has to be > more alerted in Kitchen. In the Indian coffee house, staffs who serve used > to wear a turban, and cleaning staff used to wear cap. This identified > between the two. * > > > * Earlier 98% of hotel staff was males. Now in Chennai and Kerala it has > changed. Many good hotels have lady staff for serving and supervising. Most > of them wear cap. * > > *5. Thottu thoppiyiduaka.* > > * Probably on a defeat, the person defeated would have taken his cap and > kept down to the opponent, giving rise to the saying. Probably in the > first time the opponent would have used the word Iduka (drop) instead of > veikkuka (keep down)* > > * In the old kingdoms, during fights, the king who was defeated had to > take his cap and keep down before the king who defeated him. The king’s > cap had special designs. Still I recollect in the picture of Chittira > thirunal (Last King of Tiruvithancore) some feather like thing on the cap.* > > * I have heard elders telling to those who don’t study and fail in the > examination- “Entha thottu thoppiyitto?” (Now you have failed in the > examination)* > > * 6. Farmers and cap* > > * The two types of caps the farmers used to were on those days were-One > made of aracanut pola and another made of palm leaves. The difference with > Olakkuda for the second one is that, what farmers use has no handle and it > can sit on the head. It protects more against rain since unlike cap, water > would not fall on the body. The first type protect from falling sun rays > falling on head. * > > * 7. Party cap* > > * The congress party has decorum of wearing caps – white cap. I do not > know whether any other party has such decorum in India. Party functions we > can see all wearing caps. * > > * I read elsewhere, once many people crowded Jawaharlal Nehru. Seeing > this sister Vijayaleakshmi Pandit told him-“ Take your cap, let them see > your baldhead. All would go”. I recollect the reading but source is not > clear. Only at that time I knew, Jawaharlal Nehru was having baldness.* > > * 9. Railway, air force and naval caps* > > * All of them have caps with different appearance. Air force cap is blue, > naval white and Railways too white . Railways still have different types of > caps, all in white color. Most stationmasters on duty wear cap. Similarly > Railway guards. The cap identifies them. TTRs too wear cap, it is part of > their uniform. * > > * One can enjoy the status quarrel between station master Jayaram and > TTR jagadeesh in the Malayalam film “ Krishna gudiyil oru premagatha”. We > can also see TTR coming with cap in the Malayalam film- “ Yathrakkarutae > sraddaikku”* > > * I had a very close friend Varijakshan, always special to be in full > uniform while on duty , an Asst station master while working at Ranipet. > Later he took transfer to Cochin* > > * On those days catering staff too had cap. I recollect my elder brother > wearing it while he was a caterer. * > > * The staff drivers to District collector, Post and telecom officers etc > also wear cap.* > > * 10. The retold cap seller story.* > > * In the retelling story , cap seller removed his cap and throws it down > as advised by his grandfather to get back the caps taken away and worn by > monkeys. But no monkeys threw their cap on seeing it. * > > * One of the monkeys came to cap seller and told- Like you we too have > grandfathers. They have told us- Don’t be foolish, do not throw your caps. * > > * 11. Modified cap? * > > * I am not sure whether the helmet can be told as modified cap. Similarly > the TURBAN of Punjabis and THALAKETTU of Keralites. This Thalaekettu is > very important for Nairs in Kerala during the time of betrothal. Probably > not attended earlier, it was a new thing to me when I saw it in a marriage > betrothal about 3 years back. * > > * 12. Horse riding and special cap* > > * For exercises like horse riding, swimming etc. cap is compulsory. Of > course for horse riding a cap with good strength is worn and connected to > chin also. It would not come easily from the head. If I am correct still > the Raja comes from Kowdiar palace with cap to Padmanabha swamy temple at > Trivandrum, remove it and enter and pray to God. He is Padmanabha dasa. > Then he wears it back. (Readers from Trivandrum- Kindly correct if I am > wrong)* > > * 13. Hill stations* > > *In hill station it is a common scene, almost all times most people > wearing woolen caps. Selling of caps is also common in streets, picnic > places etc. * > > * 14. kadam chol (Quiz)* > > * In Malayalam there is kadam chol- Oramma petta makkal ellam > thoppikkaru- ( All the sons born to a mother are having caps ) Answer- > Pakku (Aracanut)* > > * 15. NCC cap and hair cutting.* > > > * During Parade one of the officers would inspect the growth of hair > below the cap at back side and above ears. He would physically catch hold > and order for next parade he should have PAKKA CROP, close to head at back > and sides. If still some growth is seen, the cadet had to run three or > four times around the parade ground and again get it cropped. * > > *Some barbers would not cut close, if at all we say. I had such an > experience of running while in NCC, at one time hair being cut by a > different barber in the absence of regular barber. Later I went to him > again, told him the requirement and got it cut close.. Still I recollect > energy loss while running obeying the command QUICK, QUICK..* > > *Cap is a very vast topic. There could be many missing in this posting. > * > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "iyer123" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/2135069199.2869893.1628177705591%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/2135069199.2869893.1628177705591%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. 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