Pranam 1 Read for yourself on the vantage points: What are the benefits of a circuit breaker, over a fuse?
- Circuit breakers are dead front. Fuses have exposed live parts. - Circuit breakers can be tested for proper operation. To truly test a fuse, it would need to be destroyed in the process. It is a sacrificial device. - A fuse can arc, if replaced under power. (Despite the instructions from the manufacturer NOT to replace a fuse under power.) There are some new busbar miniature circuit breaker systems that are designed to have the breakers replaced under power, but adoption has not been widespread. - A fuse does not offer magnetic protection, only thermal. This dual trip-curve feature of a circuit breaker makes them unique compared to fuses. - Circuit breakers have external status indications. Some fuses offer an external fuse blown indication. - A circuit breaker can be used and an ON/OFF switch. - A blown fuse can be easily replaced with the wrong size, or even jerry-rigged (using a wire or small copper bar to replace the fuse) creating a safety issue. - Start-up tripping is an issue with fuses (need to oversize the fuse for inrush current). Fuses can require larger wiring to compensate for inrush current. - A circuit breaker can provide ground fault protection, a fuse cannot. - Fuses “age” and degrade over time which can cause nuisance tripping. - Single phasing on three-phase loads does not happen with a three-pole circuit breaker. All circuits trip at once. Using individual fuses for a three-phase power can result in single phasing and equipment damage. That’s a long list of the benefits of a circuit breaker, but what are the benefits of a fuse, over a circuit breaker? - Fuses are simple and straightforward to use. - Fuses trip faster than a circuit breaker. - Fuses are initially less expensive than circuit breakers. - Fuses have a smaller footprint in a control cabinet. - There are a variety of fuse types <https://www.elprocus.com/what-is-fuse-different-types-of-fuses-and-applications/> for different applications. - Fuses can be more reliable over time, because they do not have moving parts. - Fuses do not require regular maintenance. Molded Case Circuit Breakers and others, do. - Because a fuse is replaced every time after an overcurrent trip, the same level of circuit protection performance is guaranteed. A circuit breaker can wear out if it trips too many times. Where does this leave us? Fuses offer circuit protection that is inexpensive, straightforward and fast protection. Their faster circuit protection time is perhaps their biggest benefit over circuit breakers. This is important when protecting sensitive electronic equipment. Circuit breakers provide better protection for three-phase applications. Because circuit breakers are NOT sacrificial, do not require replacement, as a fuse does, power can be more quickly restored without the need to hunt down a spare fuse. Consider the application <https://www.c3controls.com/white-paper-circuit-breaker-breakdown/>, where it will be located, (remote or local), and the operating environment. Both fuses and circuit breakers will continue to have their place in electrical equipment installations. 2 Volvo the latest in for 2022 : https://youtu.be/BdLTfm2VCU4 3 If you've ever been to a dry climate in the Summer, you may have noticed that it does not feel as hot as it does here in the Mid-South. The reason why dry heat feels better than humid heat is because our body does not efficiently cool down when humidity is high. Our normal body temperature is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. When our body temperature rises above that, we start to sweat in order to release that heat. Since evaporation is a cooling process, we cool down when the sweat evaporates. When there is high amounts of moisture in the air, the sweat does not evaporate. So instead of cooling off, our body temperature just continues to climb. When the air is more dry, the sweat will evaporate and you will cool off quickly. 4 Mahabharatham if it has to be read only in English may read *Kisari Mohan Ganguli (also K. M. Ganguli)* an Indian translator known for being the first to provide a complete translation of the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata in English. Debroy an IGS of GOI had mixed versions of adding all. Brief original is : There are 3 chapters and 104 verses in this section. King Yudhishthira was ruling the earth in a righteous way along with his brothers. During his reign, there was never any word of any calamity. As he had sufficient wealth, he wanted to perform the Rajasuya sacrifice. Krishna arrived there with different valuable gifts of gems etc., leading a large army. Yudhishthira sought permission from Sri Krishna to perform the Rajasuya sacrifice along with his brothers. Having described the merits of that great sacrifice, Krishna remarked that Dharmaraja was entitled to be an emperor, and he should hence take the vow of the performance to make their desires fulfilled. Thus permitted by Krishna, Dhramaraja, along with his brothers, started to collect the required material for the sacrifice. The responsibility of supervising the arrangements had been entrusted to Sahadeva and other ministers. Later, Vyasa brought many priests. They were just the embodiments of the Veda. Vyasa himself acted as the honourable head-priest Brahma for the sacrifice. Yajnavalkya was the officiating priest Adhvaryu.t the command of Yudhishthira, Sahadeva sent messengers to all the kingdoms to invite people belonging to the four castes. The Brahmins who gathered there made Yudhishthira take the vow at an auspicious time. By the order of separate quarters had been constructed for each of them. The sacrifice of Yudhishthira started on the earth like that of Indra in heaven. Later Yudhishthira sent Nakula to Hastinapura to invite Bhishma <https://vedicfeed.com/bhisma-pitamah/>, Drona <https://vedicfeed.com/dronacharya-facts/>, Dhritarashtra, Vidura, Kripa, Duryodhana <https://vedicfeed.com/duryodhana-eldest-kaurava/> and other brothers. Nakula went to Hastinapura and invited everyone with enthusiasm. Bhishma, Dhritarashtra, Duryodhana and others attended the sacrifice. At that time that place shone like heaven filled with celestial beings. Dharmaraja, who was under the vow, welcomed them all and assigned different responsibilities to each of them. Sri Krishna himself washed the feet of the Brahmins. Dussasana was appointed to supervise the edibles, Aswatthama was given the responsibility of honouring the Brahmins, Sanjay was asked to take care of the royalty, and Bhishma and Drona were made in charge of seeing what was done and what was left undone. Everyone was pleased and felt happy during the sacrifice. Duta is long after this. And Rajasya was attended by all. So no discriminations from the Dharman side. 5 Three cups of the same size are filled with the same mass of fresh water. One cup is put in a bucket of ice water so the water becomes cold, but does not freeze. One cup is heated so the water becomes hot, but does not boil. One cup is left at room temperature. At the macroscopic level, what someone can see with just their eyes, there appears to be very little difference in the volume of water between the three cups. However, at the molecular level, there is a difference in volume. [image: <p><strong>SF Fig. 2.1.</strong> <span style="line-height: 1.538em;">Heating and cooling water at the macroscopic and microscopic level.</span></p>] SF Fig. 2.1. Heating and cooling water at the macroscopic and microscopic level. Images by Byron Inouye In SF Fig 2.1 the blue circles represent molecules of water. The cup in SF Fig. 2.1 A was heated. An increase in temperature caused the water molecules to gain energy and move more rapidly, which resulted in water molecules that are farther apart and an increase in water volume. The cup in SF Fig. 2.1 B was kept at room temperature and remained at the same volume. The cup in SF Fig. 2.1 C was chilled over ice. A decrease in temperature caused the water molecules to lose energy and slow down, which results in water molecules that are closer together and a decrease in water volume. When water is heated, it expands, or increases in volume. When water increases in volume, it becomes less dense. As water cools, it contracts and decreases in volume. When water decreases in volume, it becomes more dense. For samples of water that have the same mass, warmer water is less dense and colder water is more dense. Test this out yourself! Fill up three identical cups of water to the same level. Put one cup in the refrigerator to cool, heat one cup in the microwave, and leave one cup at room temperature. Look carefully to see if you can observe a difference in the volume of water. We found that even in the short amount of time that it takes to boil 1 cup of water, *nearly an ounce, on average*, is lost to evaporation. So for the best results, boil before you measure. A cup of water can lose nearly an ounce during boiling, so make sure to boil before you measure. Evaporation causes cooling; (maintenance of body temp through the sweating in hot climate. ) cooling causes water mo;ecules in the air Volume of water only when at boiling point might appear to lose quantum though if covered and boils, water molecules on condensation might add back to volume. Cooher is both evaporation and condensation. KR IRS 4921 On Sat, 4 Sept 2021 at 06:46, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 < [email protected]> wrote: > *CULTURAL QA 09-2021-04* > > *Being a compilation there may be errors* > > *Q1 circuit breakers safer than fuses?* > > *2 Answers-John Merrill , studied Electrical** > Engineering at Northeastern University Answered 1h ago* > > *First need to understand the concept of Safe Enough.* > > *For example on a high balcony is a 46 in railing safer than a 42 in > railing? While from a highly technical point the answer is yes. Does the > difference really matter? Not as far as many Building codes are concerned.* > > *Returning to circuit breakers. The number one advantage is convenience. > The operator doesn’t have to run out and purchase the correct sized fuse > element to replace every time there is an overload. From a safety > perspective the biggest risk is the operator installing the wrong > (Oversized) value fuse into the fuse holder.* > > *To their actual purpose of protecting the wiring and/or appliance being > powered. Both fuses and circuit breakers are tested and certified to meet > the requirements. Are Safe Enough.* > > *The reason why fuses are being eliminated from Building Codes has to do > with Operators installing the wrong fuse, Not with any inherent flaw with > fuse design. In fact the fuse offers one significant advantage over a > circuit breaker which still drives it’s use in certain applications.* > > *Circuit breakers by their design represent nearly zero resistance to > current flow up until the time the contacts within the device actually > move. This delay is typically a few cycles of the AC Waveform. During that > time the actual fault current can rise to over 10 times the value of the > breaker. Note in the US we test common breakers (15 & 20A) to withstand > 10,000A during this interval.* > > *A fuse by contrast doesn’t have this same delay. Their resistance to > current flow changes within a small fraction of a single AC wave. Thus for > circuits requiring the very fastest protection, such as protection of > Semiconductors, you will find fuses have been designed in. Not something > the typical person will ever be involved in/ or seeing. But it is the more > complete answer to you question.* > > *2ND ANSWER- Gopala Krishnan , former Assistant** General Manager > 1996-2004 at Department of Telecom (1966-2004)Answered just now* > > *Basically the functioning of circuit breaker is different from fuses. A > type of wire which would fuse double the fuse value is provided in fuses. > If a fuse is broken, we may often replace the fuse. FAULT IS NOT TRACED by > many. In circuit breakers, it would again operate and make the circuit > break until the fault is traced and set right.* > > *Before the invention of circuit breakers we used fuses every where, but > on those days before putting new fuse, checking was done and again fuse was > provided.* > > *Q2 Why do bus models used by road transport departments of > Kerala and Tamil Nadu seem to be outdated when compared with Karnataka?* > > *A2 Praful Kodli August 7* > > *Karnataka changed it's overall KSRTC system into 5 different corporations > for different part of state. Having governing bodies, budget, > infrastructure and Man power separately yet reporting under state > transportation ministry.* > > *This segregation allowed Transport industry of Karnataka bloom well. > There is an IAS grade officer** governing these 5 bodies . According to > environment policy and pollution control policy for urban areas certain > vehicles will have to be taken retired after a set particular period in > Karnataka. That's why you see other than Urban areas these old buses are > sent to secondary regions of the state.* > > *I see the long travels buses (Luxury, AC, Volvo) of TN and Kerala are > quite good.* > > *Q3 What is the origin story of vadacurry and why it is so > famous in Chennai than other districts of Tamilnadu?* > > *A3 Subramaniam Duraisamy Lives in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India > August 29* > > *Thanks for the A2A Niranjan Ji..;)* > > *Vadacurry is a dish that was ‘invented’ to avoid food wastages - > especially wastage of vadas and onions - typically by road-side shops in > Chennai.* > > *Now why do I say ‘invented’ in “”?. Because- vadacurry was made out of a > necessity to prevent wastage of food and not a natural dish native to any > culture.* > > *To understand the history of vadacurry, we need to first understand the > history of Chennai city.* > > *Chennai - though a great city today, but it was just a fishing hamlet > before the advent of British. And fishing hamlets do not have any grand > food culture to boast of. Thus whatever food you see popular in Chennai- be > it idly, medhu vada, masala dosa, kothu barotta, vadacurry, pav bhajji - > all came here via immigrants from other parts of the country and world who > came to work here for a living.* > > *Vadacurry is a typically a dish which was a innovative way to consume the > leftover unsold vadais from the previous day. Street food stalls were > typically set up by migrants and the demographic which used to dine at > these street food shops were also migrants and lower class, and wastage of > food actually hurt them bad.* > > *I have occasionally eaten in these street food shops when I used to work > late in night-shifts during my TCS days. Peak hours is typically from 7PM- > 10 PM. If you happen to eat in any road side shop after 10 PM - you can > actually observe the huge quantity of vadais [aama vadais and paruppu > vadais, to be exact] which would be carried over to the next day usually > wrapped up in newspapers like this:* > > *These vadais cannot be stored overnight and consumed next day, because it > would get hard due to the onset of bacteria and moisture. Migrant shops do > not have the luxury of refrigirators for storing vadai baters. Thus there > was a pressing need for consuming these hard, old vadais before its too > late.* > > **Enters the idea of vadacurry** > > *Whenever there are unsold vadais from the previous day, they can be > brushed with oil and steamed to remove any bacteria and then air-fried with > vegetables like onions to give extra flavour..;-)* > > *This is how vadacurry became popular in Chennai. It was a migrant dish, > but prepared by the migrants when they wanted to save on unsold food being > wasted. Basically convert it into a thick gravy format and consume it with > regular dishes..;-)* > > *Set dosa with vada curry is a very popular dish even in fancy > restaurants. Other combinations which pair well are idly-vadacurry, > chapatti-vadacurry.* > > *Q4 A person is already working as Asst. Loco pilot in Indian > railways and he has cleared SBI clerk .Should he resign from railways and > join SBI or not?* > > *A4 Subrat Shrivastava Studied at LN Mishra College August 29* > > *No, Never. SBI Clerk is nowhere in front of Assistant Loco Pilot.* > > *Assistant Loco Pilot is much better job than SBI Clerk. Forget about > clerk, even better than SBI PO. Salary of Assistant Loco Pilot starts from > 45–50K and at the time of retirement it will be approx 1.50 lakhs per month > or even more. Assistant Loco Pilot is a tough field work job which requires > a lot of concentration and Physical, Mental strength. On other hand SBI job > is a Desk job where you have to simply work sitting on a Computer with Air > Conditioner.* > > *Q5 How much time is taken for an RO service and what is the > Minimum amount paying to an engineer?* > > *A5 Gopala Krishnan, former Assistant General Manager > 1996-2004 at Department of Telecom** (1966-2004) Answered just now* > > *I am living in Chennai, India. RO service technician charges Rs 350–00 > per visit and cost of parts charged . AMC is available for Aqua water > purifiers@ Rs 2800-00 including parts cost for 18 months. * > > *Q6 Are appendices vestigial?* > > *A6 Ken Saladin Former professor of histology** (microscopic > anatomy) Wed* > > *Yes, but that doesn’t mean useless.A vestigial organ is one that has, > over time, become reduced in function and usually size, but it can still > have functions.The human appendix is a greatly reduced organ compared to > that of the other great apes like gorillas and chimpanzees, but it’s still > important as a source of GI-regulating hormones and immune cells. We can > live without it, but we can live better with it.* > > *Q7 What's the truth behind a driver stopping the Mumbai > local train and urinating in front of it?* > > *A7 Sushang Agnihotri Knows Gujarati August** 26* > > *This picture is from July 2019. In this, a person is seen urinating > standing in front of the train.* > > *It is shown in the video that after urinating, he sits back in the > driver's place and starts driving the train, which proves that it was the > train driver.* > > *This video was made by a journalist named Sonu Shinde.* > > *What is its truth?* > > *The case is similar to what is seen in the video. This motorman while > talking to the media told that due to the long working time, he did not get > an opportunity to lighten himself and this was distracting his attention. > That is why he immediately got down at the red signal and peeped so that he > would not have trouble running the train.* > > *I understand there is no need to make a fuss on Twitter about this, it > was a compulsive step. Many people are also saying on this that the > railways should also provide toilets for the driver in the train itself so > that it does not happen next time.* > > *Q8 Which is more harmful, high temperature or high humidity?* > > *A8 Rohan Bhairat, Student (2021-**present)Answered 51m ago* > > *Hot, humid summer days can feel unbearable sometimes. Humidity, or the > amount of moisture in the air, can make the temperature feel warmer, as our > sweat is slower to evaporate. Not only is the muggy air uncomfortable, but > it can cause our bodies to overheat, exhaust easily, and poses a potential > danger to our health.* > > *Q9 Why were many kings denied entry to Yudhisthira's palace > during Rajasuya Yagna?* > > *A9 Bhanu Kiran Exploring ancient texts of** Sanatana Dharma > Wed * > > *Yes it is true that many famous kings were denied entry into the palace > of Yudhisthira. The gatekeepers collected the gifts and sent off many kings > without allowing them to enter inside.* > > * ‘“Maharatha King Bhagadatta, the brave ruler of Pragjyotisha and the > strong ruler of the mlechhas, came with yavanas. He brought a tribute of > thoroughbred horses, as swift as the wind, but was barred and stood at the > gate. After presenting a receptacle that was like iron and swords with > handles of ivory, Bhagadatta of Pragjyotisha left. I saw that many people > from different directions were refused admission at the gate, though they > brought rich tributes of gold and silver—with two eyes, three eyes, one eye > on the forehead, those who wore headdresses, those who had no fixed abode, > Bahukas, cannibals and those with only one foot.* > > *There were people from all around Aryavarta and also from China. The > gifts were innumerous and Yudhisthira's richness is compared to that of > gods.* > > *“They also gave him rich tributes of the best quality of gold. There were > Chinas, Hunas, Shakas,Oudras, those who live inside mountains, Varshneyas, > Harahunas, dark ones and those who live in the Himalayas. I do not remember > the order of those who were barred entry at the gate.* > > *Source: Mahabharata translated by Bibek Debroy Dyuta Parva 272(47)* > > *There was no place to keep the continuous incoming gifts. Indraprastha > was flooded with gifts and it was difficult to decide whom to allow inside > and whom to deny.* > > *The strong residents of the mountains brought as tribute dark and > coloured tails of yaks and others that were as white as moonbeams, a lot of > sweet honey from the flowers of the Himalayas, garlands and water from the > northern Kuru region and immensely powerful herbs from northern Kailasa. > They bowed and stood at the gate of King Ajatashatru, but were denied > entry. O lord of the earth! There were kings from the other side of the > Himalayas, from the mountains where the sun rises, from the banks of > Varishena and Lohitya, from the banks of the ocean and kiratas who live on > roots and fruit and wear skins. They brought large masses of sandal and > aloe wood, kaliya, skins, jewels, gold, fragrances, ten thousand kirata > slave girls, beautiful animals and birds from distant regions and copious > quantities of radiant gold from the mountains. But despite all this > tribute, they were refused entry and waited at the gate.* > > *Therefore Yudhisthira decided to allow only those people who bring in > large tributes. Below is the reference which says people who brought large > tributes were allowed to enter inside Indraprastha.* > > *On the instructions of the king, the gatekeepers told them, ‘If you bring > large and great tribute, only then will you be admitted.’ So they each gave > one thousand elephants, with tusks like the shafts of ploughs, caparisoned > in gold and covered in cushions with the colour of lotuses. They were as > large as mountains, always in rut and came from the shores of Kamyaka Lake. > They were covered in armour, patient and trained well. They then entered > the gate.* > > *Source: Mahabharata translated by Bibek Debroy Dyuta Parva 273(48)* > > *Q10 Why is some amount of water lost when heated?* > > *A10 Gopala Krishnan , former Retired Assistant General Manager > 1996-2004 at Department of** Telecom (1966-2004) Answered just now* > > *Water is a liquid which would wet the surface of the container. So a > small quantity is lost in wetting. While heating bubbles comes and burst. > This creates some more loss of water. Unless boiled water will not be lost > as steam* > > *Q11 Should I apply oil to the whole body before a bath?* > > *A11 Gopala Krishnan, former Assistant General Manager > 1996-2004 at Department of Telecom** (1966-2004)Answered Thu* > > *For children/infants oil bath is given daily. Adults oil bath is taken > once/twice a week among people in Tamil nadu. As age advance taking oil > bath once month will smoothen the skin* > > *Q12 How do you start a day if rain should break your routine?* > > *A12 2 Answers Avinash Mishra, > ||Engineer+Artist+Photographer +Love** travelling+ AI World<3||Answered > Thu* > > *You are lucky , its special day when you have time to enjoy your day > rather than doing regular routine work , enjoy your day with your family > and friends - Make a tea and pakode or muje bhi khilao hahahahahahaha….have > a great day in advance * > > *2ND ANSWER- Gopala Krishnan , former Retired Assistant General Manager > 1996-2004 at** Department of Telecom (1966-2004)Answered Thu* > > *Our days and routines are adjusted to climate* > > *All the above QA are based on Quora medical digest on 03-09- 2021. Quora > answers need not be 100% correct answers . * > > *My good answers are published in facebook also by Quora.* > > *Compiled and posted by R. Gopala krishnan on 04- 09-2021* > > > > > > > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "iyer123" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/1669376039.1791947.1630718155976%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/1669376039.1791947.1630718155976%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZorg%2BPq9o0t9oxYdPJxGDYH7SUX6UkoO-SgJoKDFwZiYhA%40mail.gmail.com.
