Pranam
Many times I wonder about the proximity in science of the time
and space theory as that of Darwin and migrations. WMAP I consider as a
myth floated by science. Pl read below and tell me on what basis the space
and time were researched?. IOt appears that the WMAP is justifying the lie
already created; if the lie disappears this WMAP rw CMB will also
disappear. KR IRS 7921
Cosmic Microwave Background: Remnant of the Big Bang (CMB WMAP)
By Elizabeth Howell August 24, 2018
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
An image of the cosmic microwave background radiation, taken by the
European Space Agency (ESA)'s Planck satellite in 2013, shows the small
variations across the sky (Image credit: ESA/Planck Collaboration)
The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is thought to be leftover radiation
from the Big Bang, or the time when the universe began. As the theory goes,
when the universe was born it underwent rapid inflation and expansion. (The
universe is still expanding today, and the expansion rate appears different
depending on where you look). The CMB represents the heat left over from
the Big Bang.
You can't see the CMB with your naked eye, but it is everywhere in the
universe. It is invisible to humans because it is so cold, just 2.725
degrees above absolute zero (minus 459.67 degrees Fahrenheit, or minus
273.15 degrees Celsius.) This means its radiation is most visible in the
microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Origins and discovery
The universe began 13.8 billion years ago, and the CMB dates back to about
400,000 years after the Big Bang. That's because in the early stages of the
universe, when it was just one-hundred-millionth the size it is today, its
temperature was extreme: 273 million degrees above absolute zero, according
to NASA.
Any atoms present at that time were quickly broken apart into small
particles (protons and electrons). The radiation from the CMB in photons
(particles representing quantums of light, or other radiation) was
scattered off the electrons. "Thus, photons wandered through the early
universe, just as optical light wanders through a dense fog," NASA wrote.
About 380,000 years after the Big Bang, the universe was cool enough that
hydrogen could form. Because the CMB photons are barely affected by hitting
hydrogen, the photons travel in straight lines. Cosmologists refer to a
"surface of last scattering" when the CMB photons last hit matter; after
that, the universe was too big. So when we map the CMB, we are looking back
in time to 380,000 years after the Big Bang, just after the universe was
opaque to radiation.
American cosmologist Ralph Apher first predicted the CMB in 1948, when he
was doing work with Robert Herman and George Gamow, according to NASA. The
team was doing research related to Big Bang nucleosynthesis, or the
production of elements in the universe besides the lightest isotope (type)
of hydrogen. This type of hydrogen was created very early in the universe's
history.
Robert Wilson discovered the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation in
1964 along with Arno Penzias, putting the Big Bang theory on solid footing.
Wilson and Penzias won the 1978 Nobel Prize in physics for the find. (They
shared the award with Soviet scientist Pyotr Kapitsa.)
Robert Wilson discovered the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation in
1964 along with Arno Penzias, putting the Big Bang theory on solid footing.
Wilson and Penzias won the 1978 Nobel Prize in physics for the find. (They
shared the award with Soviet scientist Pyotr Kapitsa.) (Image credit: Clive
Grainger (CfA))
But the CMB was first found by accident. In 1965, two researchers with Bell
Telephone Laboratories (Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson) were creating a
radio receiver and were puzzled by the noise it was picking up. They soon
realized the noise came uniformly from all over the sky. At the same time,
a team at Princeton University (led by Robert Dicke) was trying to find the
CMB. Dicke's team got wind of the Bell experiment and realized the CMB had
been found.
Both teams quickly published papers in the Astrophysical Journal in 1965,
with Penzias and Wilson talking about what they saw, and Dicke's team
explaining what it means in the context of the universe. (Later, Penzias
and Wilson both received the 1978 Nobel Prize in physics).
Studying in more detail
The CMB is useful to scientists because it helps us learn how the early
universe was formed. It is at a uniform temperature with only small
fluctuations visible with precise telescopes. "By studying these
fluctuations, cosmologists can learn about the origin of galaxies and
large-scale structures of galaxies and they can measure the basic
parameters of the Big Bang theory," NASA wrote.
While portions of the CMB were mapped in the ensuing decades after its
discovery, the first space-based full-sky map came from NASA's Cosmic
Background Explorer (COBE) mission, which launched in 1989 and ceased
science operations in 1993. This “baby picture” of the universe, as NASA
calls it, confirmed Big Bang theory predictions and also showed hints of
cosmic structure that were not seen before. In 2006, the Nobel Prize in
physics was awarded to COBE scientists John Mather at the NASA Goddard
Space Flight Center, and George Smoot at the University of California,
Berkeley.
The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation tells us the age and
composition of the universe and raises new questions that must be answered.
See how the Cosmic Microwave Background works and can be detected here.
The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation tells us the age and
composition of the universe and raises new questions that must be answered.
See how the Cosmic Microwave Background works and can be detected here.
(Image credit: Karl Tate, SPACE.com Infographics Artist)
A more detailed map came in 2003 courtesy of the Wilkinson Microwave
Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), which launched in June 2001 and stopped collecting
science data in 2010. The first picture pegged the universe's age at 13.7
billion years (a measurement since refined to 13.8 billion years) and also
revealed a surprise: the oldest stars started shining about 200 million
years after the Big Bang, far earlier than predicted.
Scientists followed up those results by studying the very early inflation
stages of the universe (in the trillionth second after formation) and by
giving more precise parameters on atom density, the universe's lumpiness
and other properties of the universe shortly after it was formed. They also
saw a strange asymmetry in average temperatures in both hemispheres of the
sky, and a "cold spot" that was bigger than expected. The WMAP team
received the 2018 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics for their work.
In 2013, data from the European Space Agency's Planck space telescope was
released, showing the highest precision picture of the CMB yet. Scientists
uncovered another mystery with this information: Fluctuations in the CMB at
large angular scales did not match predictions. Planck also confirmed what
WMAP saw in terms of the asymmetry and the cold spot. Planck's final data
release in 2018 (the mission operated between 2009 and 2013) showed more
proof that dark matter and dark energy — mysterious forces that are likely
behind the acceleration of the universe — do seem to exist.
Other research efforts have attempted to look at different aspects of the
CMB. One is determining types of polarization called E-modes (discovered by
the Antarctica-based Degree Angular Scale Interferometer in 2002) and
B-modes. B-modes can be produced from gravitational lensing of E-modes
(this lensing was first seen by the South Pole Telescope in 2013) and
gravitational waves (which were first observed in 2016 using the Advanced
Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory, or LIGO). In 2014, the
Antarctic-based BICEP2 instrument was said to have found gravitational wave
B-modes, but further observation (including work from Planck) showed these
results were due to cosmic dust.
As of mid-2018, scientists are still looking for the signal that showed a
brief period of fast universe expansion shortly after the Big Bang. At that
time, the universe was getting bigger at a rate faster than the speed of
light. If this happened, researchers suspect this should be visible in the
CMB through a form of polarization. A study that year suggested that a glow
from nanodiamonds creates a faint, but discernible, light that interferes
with cosmic observations. Now that this glow is accounted for, future
investigations could remove it to better look for the faint polarization in
the CMB, study authors said at the time.
On Tue, 7 Sept 2021 at 08:53, Markendeya Yeddanapudi <
[email protected]> wrote:
>
>
> --
> *Mar*Our Reality, Living Only In the Past Continuous Tense
>
>
>
> The light from the moon takes one second to reach the earth. So, you are
> seeing the moon of one second ago. The light from the friend sitting in
> front of you, may take a nano second to reach you, and so you are seeing
> your friend of a nano second back. The light from a distant Quasar takes
> billions of years, and what we see is what existed as the Quasar billions
> of years ago, and actually it may not be existing now. Our eyes or the
> Computers can see only the past. Thanks to science, we have disabled
> ourselves from the present. Because the present can be felt only, and not
> seen. Living in the present means feeling the present, and the best method
> of feeling the present is by closing your eyes. The eyes unsee the present.
>
> Thanks to the WMAP (Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe) satlielite,
> launched by NASA in 2001, they are able to see the Universe when it was
> only 3, 80,000 years old, the infant newly born from the Big bang.
>
> Now, they are tracing, the light of the time before the Big bang- the
> ultimate fossil light.
>
> In the name of science, we are going into the past with a vengeance. The
> findings impress us. But we do not realize that we are completely
> abandoning the present, where the method of living is only by feeling.
>
> Feelings make you one with the object of feeling, and you and the object
> actually feel together. Then only you realize that the Universe is a living
> and feeling entity, in which you also participate, with the living
> Universe, as an integral part of the Universe.
>
> The path of feeling is the ultimate feeling of Nirvana, where you become
> the immediate part of the Cosmos, where you study Cosmology as a part of
> the Cosmos. Only when you feel a subject, you really understand a subject.
> For that a subject must be the living part of the living or feeling
> Universe.
>
> For science, you stop feeling and you also stop the flow of Space-time for
> you. And when you adopt technology for everything, you stop feeling
> altogether. Ultimately you lose even the past continuous tense, but get
> struck up in a stagnated stalemate. The very flow of feeling in you gets
> lost completely and, you become the cripple who depends totally on
> technology.
>
> Our industrial economy is jumping from one stalemated stagnation to
> another stalemated stagnation, of living without feeling.
>
> As an individual what all you can do now, at least save a patch of nature,
> sit in front of the plants and breathe,smell,sense and interact with them.
>
> If you have the hobby of gardening, note that the plants are interacting
> with you emotionally, as emotion is their only mode of communication.
>
> YM
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> --
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> .
>
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