Pranam The best is sunlight and short cuts must be researched . KR IRS On Sun, 19 Sept 2021 at 01:07, 'venkat giri' via iyer123 < [email protected]> wrote:
> Respected Sir/s, > > A. INDIA has a cumulative total of 319.02 Billion tonnes of COAL > reserve. > *COAL* has been the main source of energy in India and > through increased coal production; coal is still fulfilling the energy > demands of the country. The quality of coal has always remained a matter > of concern—presently being improved through regulatory mechanisms and > technological initiatives. > India now ranks as the third largest coal producing > country in the world after China and USA. It has been estimated that the > country has 301.56 billion tons of coal and currently it meets about 55 per > cent of India’s primary commercial energy needs About 75 per cent of power > generation is coal based in India. The country produced about 716 Mts of > coal per year during 2020-21. > * India's domestic > coal reserves have a high ash content—up to 40 to 50 percent. When the ash > content in coal exceeds 70% and tends toward 76%, the heating value of coal > tends toward zero. The effects of slagging (independent of ash content in > coal) area 20% decrease in boiler water wall loading, a 3.5% points > decrease in boiler efficiency, and capacity reduction of 14%. > A coal with high ash content is > undesirable, as the ash retains the Sulphur & phosphorus and thus affects > the quality of products in metallurgical furnace apart from increasing the > slag volume. Besides, it may fuse and stick to the boiler tubes thereby > reducing the heat transfer.* > B. PARIS AREEMENT ON CLIMATECHANGE > Its goal is to limit global warming to well below 2, preferably > to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels. > To achieve this long-term temperature goal, countries > aim to reach global peaking of greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible > to achieve a climate neutral world by mid-century. > The Paris Agreement is a landmark in the multilateral climate > change process because, for the first time, a binding agreement brings all > nations into a common cause to undertake ambitious efforts to combat > climate change and adapt to its effects. > The Paris Agreement is a legally binding international > treaty on climate change. It was adopted by 196 Parties at COP > 21-(COP-Conference > of the Parties) in Paris, on 12 December 2015 and entered into force on 4 > November 2016. > In sequel to this accord; GOI ha initiated > Conversion of Indian Coal which has ash content; to METHANOL. > NITI Aayog's 'Methanol Economy' programme is aimed at > reducing India's oil import bill, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and > *converting > coal reserves into methanol. * > > - *Blending of 15% methanol in gasoline. > > * *METHANOL can replace both > Petrol & Diesel; in the transport sector (road, rail and marine), energy > sector (comprising DG sets, boilers, process heating modules, tractors and > commercial vehicles). This would bring down GHG emissions by 20% in terms > of particulate matter, NOx, and SOx, thereby improving the urban air > quality.* > - > *The Bureau of Indian Standards has notified 20% DME* blending with LPG, > and a notification for M-15, M-85, M-100 blends has been issued by the > Ministry of Road, Transport and Highways. Test standards and plans for the > M-15 blend are being evolved in consultation with the Indian Oil > Corporation Limited, Automotive Research Association of India and Society > of Indian Automobile Manufacturers. In the railway sector, RDSO is working > towards blending methanol in the range of 5-20% through direct fuel > injection in locomotives. * > > * DME.. Dimethyl ether is made from methanol, through a dehydration > reaction. > > - Assam Petrochemicals launched Asia’s first canister-based methanol > cooking fuel programme. Methanol stoves can result in at least 20% savings > for households. After the success of the pilot, the methanol cooking > programme was scaled up to 1,00,000 households in the States of Uttar > Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, > Jharkhand and Manipur. > - Five methanol plants based on high ash coal, five DME plants, and > one natural gas-based methanol production plant with a capacity of 20 > MMT/annum, in a joint venture with Israel, have been planned to be set up. > - Three boats and seven cargo vessels are being built by the Cochin > Shipyard Limited for Inland Waterways Authority of India to use methanol as > a marine fuel. > - Thermax Ltd has successfully developed a 5 KW methanol-based > reformer on a Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC). This module is being tested > to replace DG sets in mobile towers. > - For direct electricity generation, Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd has > converted a 5 KW generator set to run on 100% methanol. Kirloskar is > working towards converting generator sets of 150-300 KVA/KW capacity, in > collaboration with DOR Chemicals, Israel. > ................Methanol is colorless liquid alcohol and made as a raw > material in most chemical and fuel industries, which dramatically reduces > greenhouse gases formed after combustion, compared to other fuels. > Methanol use as a fuel has been defined by MIT > University in the USA and by the Kendall Committee in the Israeli Prime > Minister's Office to use transportation fuel. > *Under R&D, work is in progress to set up coal-to-methanol plants in > the country using indigenous technology, which is being developed by BHEL > (Hyderabad and Trichy), Thermax, and IIT Delhi. Thermax and IIT Delhi > are working on a TPD demonstration plant, while BHEL Hyderabad and Trichy > are working on 1 TPD and 40 TPD demonstration plants, respectively. > - An R&D project has also been sanctioned by the Department of > Biotechnology to IISc Bengaluru and Praj Industries Pune for the > production of methanol from biomass. Phase-I of the production of syngas > from biomass was demonstrated in January 2019. > > > C .First pilot plant indigenous technology set-up to convert high ash > coal to METHANOL. > India has developed an indigenous > technology to convert high ash Indian coal to methanol and established its > first pilot plant in Hyderabad, the Ministry of Science & Technology said > in a statement. > This technology will help the country move towards the > adoption of clean technology and promote the use of methanol as a > transportation fuel (blending with petrol), thus reducing crude oil imports. > The broad process of converting coal into methanol consists > of the conversion of coal to synthesis (syngas) gas, syngas cleaning and > conditioning, syngas to methanol conversion, and methanol purification. > Coal to methanol plants in most countries are operated with low ash coals. > Handling of high ash and heat required to melt this high amount of ash is a > challenge in the case of Indian coal, which generally has high ask content. > In order to overcome this > challenge, *Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)* has developed the > fluidized bed gasification technology suitable for high ash Indian coals to > produce syngas and then convert syngas to methanol with 99% purity. > BHEL has integrated its existing coal into syngas the pilot plant > at Hyderabad with the suitable downstream process for converting syngas > into methanol. This pilot-scale project with a methanol generation capacity > of 0.25 metric tons per day has been initiated by NITI Aayog and funded by > the Department of Science and Technology (DST) under Clean Energy Research > Initiative. > Currently, the > pilot plant is producing methanol with the purity of more than 99%. Scaling > it up will help in optimum utilization of the country’s energy reserves and > accelerate its journey towards self-reliance. > *SOURCE: COURTESY..KNOWLEDGE & NEWS NETWORKS > > Regards* > *V.Sridharan* > *Trichy* > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "iyer123" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/1641515895.1085679.1631993824731%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/1641515895.1085679.1631993824731%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. 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