---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: Rajaram Krishnamurthy <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 26 Oct 2021 at 10:47
Subject: Re: [iyer123] CULTURAL QA 10 -2021-26
To: iyer <[email protected]>
Cc: Patty Thatha <[email protected]>, Kerala Iyer <
[email protected]>
Pranam
CHOZHA DYNASTY
A STRANGE FICTIONAL HISTORY IS RELEASED BY THE AUTHOR Sri G who as
usual fill up pages copying some Gossips columns of KK style question and
answers (Karunanidhi will frame his own question for the answer he has on
hand so too Quora and G will raise questions thus).
There is a biblical quote: Fools rush in where the angels fear to
tread. History is a vast subject. Even that history of India and south
India had not yet been written correctly. Kalppirar a thief cult and
arrogant warriors invaded the Tamil Nādu and ruled for some years when the
history of Tamil as well as the Saivism and Vedic cultures were eroded and
tantric cult crept in. But that was a short stay. This was around 500 BCE.
But Chola dynasty were there, even before this time. Because of the
confusions, all the three dynasties of Tamil Chera, chozha and Pandya had
break-up and the resurgences in the history. There was nothing as Andhra
chozha at all; when kingdoms were expanded from the south to north, as a
diplomacy princess of the conquered kingdom were married including the Raja
raja chozhan whose kingdom was far and wide in his and his son’s times.
Many districts were given as governorships to the children of the other
language regions who had to call themselves as chozha and therefore if
historians toned them as Telugu desa chozha, it is not Telugu dynasty but
only (ARAVAM (in telugu it means Tamil) .
The Sangam literature also records legends about mythical Chola
kings These myths speak of the Chola king Kantaman, a supposed contemporary
of the sage Agastya <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agastya>, whose devotion
brought the river Kaveri into existence. Two names are prominent among
those Chola kings known to have existed who feature in Sangam
literature: Karikala
Chola <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karikala_Chola> and Kocengannan
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kocengannan>. There are no sure means of
settling the order of succession, of fixing their relations with one
another and with many other princelings of around the same period. Urayur
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urayur> (now a part of Thiruchirapalli
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruchirapalli>) was their oldest capital.
Kaveripattinam <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaveripattinam> also served
as an early Chola capital. The *Mahavamsa
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahavamsa>* mentions that an ethnic Tamil
adventurer, a Chola prince known as Ellalan
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellalan>, invaded the island Sri Lanka and
conquered it around 235 BCE with the help of a Mysore
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysore> army. (Could have married a present
Karnataka women too)
There is not much information about the transition period of around
three centuries from the end of the Sangam age (c. 300) to that in which
the Pandyas and Pallavas
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallava_dynasty> dominated
the Tamil country. An obscure dynasty, the Kalabhras
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalabhras> invaded Tamil country, displaced
the existing kingdoms and ruled during that time. They were displaced by
the Pallava dynasty and the Pandyan dynasty in the 6th century. Little is
known of the fate of the Cholas during the succeeding three centuries until
the accession of Vijayalaya in the second quarter of the 9th century. As
per inscriptions found in and around Thanjavur, the kingdom was ruled by
Mutharaiyars <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutharaiyar_dynasty> /
Muthurajas <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muthuraja> for three centuries.
Their reign was ended by Vijayalaya chola who captured Thanjavur from Ilango
Mutharaiyar <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilango_Mutharaiyar> between
848-851 CE.
Epigraphy <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigraphy> and literature
provide few glimpses of the transformations that came over this line of
kings during this long interval. It is certain that when the power of the
Cholas fell to its lowest ebb and that of the Pandyas and Pallavas rose to
the north and south of them, this dynasty was compelled to seek refuge and
patronage under their more successful rivals. The Cholas continued to rule
over a diminished territory in the neighbourhood of Uraiyur, but only in a
minor capacity.
In spite of their reduced powers, the Pandyas and Pallavas accepted
Chola princesses in marriage, possibly out of regard for their
reputation. Numerous Pallava inscriptions of this period mention their
having fought rulers of the Chola country. Despite this loss in influence
and power, it is unlikely that the Cholas lost total grip of the territory
around Uraiyur, their old capital, as Vijayalaya, when he rose to
prominence hailed from that area.
Around the 7th century, a Chola kingdom flourished in present-day
Andhra Pradesh. These Telugu Cholas
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telugu_Cholas> traced their descent to the
early Sangam Cholas. However, it is not known if they had any relation to
the early Cholas.” "it is not known what relation, if any, the
Telugu-Chodas of the Renadu country in the Ceded District, bore to their
namesakes of the Tamil land, though they claimed descent from Karikala, the
most celebrated of the early Chola monarchs of the Sangam age." { K A N
sastry History of South India }. It is possible that a branch of the Tamil
Cholas migrated north during the time of the Pallavas to establish a
kingdom of their own, away from the dominating influences of the Pandyas
and Pallavas. The Chinese <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China> pilgrim
Xuanzang <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuanzang>, who spent several months
in Kanchipuram <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanchipuram> during 639–640
writes about the "kingdom of Culi-ya", in an apparent reference to these
Telugu Cholas.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chola_dynasty#cite_note-FOOTNOTESastri2002130,_133-43>
Thus the rettapadi satyasrayan and many kings who later took to the salukya
dynasty and fought against the Tamil Kingdoms can be read far and wide in
History as well as form the Novels of Kalki and Sandilyan. Raja Manikannar
history lacks authentications though prescribed in the university as
influenced Dravida versions.
KR IRS 261021
On Tue, 26 Oct 2021 at 07:37, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 <
[email protected]> wrote:
> *CULTURAL QA 10 -2021-26*
>
> *Being compilation there may be errors*
>
> *Q1 Are Chola kings of Tamil origin or Telugu?*
>
> *A1 Murukan Chevvel Amateur Tamil HistorianJul 20*
>
> *In the book titled “Cō**ḻar Varalā**ṟu” (Cholas History) written in
> Tamil by local Historian M. Rājamā**ṇikkam, he lists some of the names of
> cō**ḻa kings (from two different cō**ḻa clans: Pa**ḻaiyā**ṟai & Aracunā**ṭṭu
> cō**ḻas) who served under Ka**ḷabras, Pallavas, and later to the Pā**ṇṭiyas
> as local rulers of U**ṟaiyūr & Pa**ḻaiyūr. *
>
> *Actually, due to the Ka**ḷabra and Pallavas arrival, the main line of
> Sangam cō**ḻas got scattered into many little branches: Telugu cō**ḻas/cō**ḍas
> (which itself contains many separate branches), Pālnā**ṭu and To**ṇṭai nā**ṭu
> cō**ḻas (most possible ancestral line of later Imperial cō**ḻas, who
> served the Pallavas) and cō**ḻas of Kaveri Valley (U**ṟaiyūr & Pa**ḻaiyūr
> cō**ḻas). *
>
> *The velanjcheri copper plates grants of Parāntaka cō**ḻa-1 mentions that
> Vijayālaya cō**ḻa (the one who re-established cō**ḻa dynasty in its
> ancestral land, Ka'veri river valley) might well belong to the cō**ḻas
> lineage from To**ṇṭai nā**ṭu (parts of southern Andhra and North Tamil
> Nadu), who themselves trace their ancestry to the ca**ṅkam era Tamil cō**ḻa
> King Karikāla**ṉ.[1]*
>
> *The earliest cō**ḻa line to appear in Andhra are the Renati cō**ḻas
> (c.500 CE). It is said that the descendants of the earliest Renati cō**ḻa
> king (Nantivarma**ṉ) ruled over different regions simultaneously, which
> gradually lead to the disintegration and spread of cō**ḻa families
> further into Andhra[2] and even into Karnataka.[3] Even we have a
> South-east Asian offshoot of the Imperial cō**ḻa line.[4]*
>
> *Unlike the Pallavas, who seems to be clearly foreigners to the Tamil
> soil, the imperial cō**ḻa line is without any doubt traces their ancestry
> along with other Deccan cō**ḻas to kāvirikku karaika**ṇṭa Karikāl Cō**ḻatēvar,
> which is clearly mentioned by all of them in their respective inscriptions.
> Only the line of Kulōttu**ṅka**ṉ-1 is considered as the direct Cā*
> *ḷukkiya-Cō**ḻa/Telugu Cō**ḻa line. Because, he was basically son of
> Cā**ḷukyulu
> Śrī Rājarāja narēndru**ḍu.[5]*
>
> *Textual References:*
>
> * The Cholas -by- K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, Madras University historical
> series, no. 9. December 2002.*
>
> * A History of South India: From Prehistoric Times to the Fall of
> Vijayanagar -by- K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, Oxford University Press, 2005.*
>
> * History and Society in South India: The Cholas to Vijayanagar:
> Comprising South Indian History and Society, Towards a New Formation -by-
> Noboru Karashima, Oxford University Press (latest edition).*
>
> *Q2 Why does a ceiling fan start up slowly?*
>
> *A2 Gopala Krishnan, former Assistant General Manager 1996-2004 at
> Department of Telecom (1966-2004) Answered just now*
>
> *Either coil would have become weak or condenser would have become weak in
> the fan. Also check the position of regulator*
>
> *Q3 My friend eats a whole pear daily. She is putting on weight.
> How do I advise her to stop eating a whole pear?*
>
> *A3 Lucia Garcia Worked at HospitalsSun*
>
> *Pears are extremely nutritious and are the first choice among winter
> fruits.*
>
> *Pear is a low-calorie fruit. A medium-sized pear weighs about 150 grams
> and contains only 60 calories. Eating pears will not increase weight and
> cause obesity.*
>
> *Pears are rich in protein, dietary fiber, malic acid, citric acid,
> carbohydrates, B vitamins, and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and
> iron. Eating pears can supplement the nutrients the body needs.*
>
> *Pear contains 85% water and a lot of dietary fiber. After water and
> dietary fiber enter the gastrointestinal tract, it can accelerate
> gastrointestinal peristalsis, promote metabolism, and eliminate toxins and
> garbage.*
>
> *In addition, pears are rich in B vitamins. B vitamins can improve the
> function of the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system, protect the
> heart, enhance the vitality of the myocardium, and are very beneficial to
> the health of the heart and brain.*
>
> *Q4 In the age of Mahabharata, if everyone knew Krishna was the
> incarnation of God himself, why were the Kauravas not afraid of him? Why is
> Dhuryodhana so eager to fight with him?*
>
> *A4 Vishnu Kumar Knows SanskritOct 18*
>
> *Yes, most knew that Krishna was the Supreme Lord.*
>
> *In the case of Duryodhana, he was ready for war because Krishna’s army
> the Narayanis agreed to support Duryodhana, Krishna was not ready to bear
> arms, Balarama was neutral and great warriors such as Bhishma, Drona,
> Karna, Salya, Ashwathama, Kripacharya etc. were ready to fight on the side
> of Duryodhana.*
>
> *In addition, his mother Gandhari who was an aspect of Mata Saraswati was
> a great devotee of Lord Shiva and was protecting him through her powers.*
>
> *Most kings around the world sent armies in favor of Duryodhana.*
>
> *Duryodhana was a fearless kshatriya, a mighty warrior and was confident
> he would defeat the Pandavas.*
>
> *Q5 How many oranges do you need to eat to get enough vitamin C?*
>
> *A5 Lucia Garcia Worked at HospitalsOct 9*
>
> *Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin and one of the essential elements
> for the body.*
>
> *The recommended daily intake of vitamin C for an adult is 60 mg to 90 mg,
> with an upper limit of 2,000 mg.*
>
> *Oranges are the fruit with the most vitamin C. A medium-sized orange
> weighs about 150 grams and contains about 60 mg of vitamin C. *
>
> *Oranges are low-calorie fruits. A medium-sized orange contains only 70 to
> 80 calories. Eating oranges will not make you fat.*
>
> *In addition, oranges are rich in protein, fat, carbohydrates, dietary
> fiber, carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin E, and minerals such as
> calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and selenium.*
>
> *Eating oranges can supplement all kinds of nutrients the body needs,
> which is very beneficial to health.*
>
> *Q6 How much cinnamon should you eat a day?*
>
> *A6 Lucia Garcia Worked at HospitalsThu*
>
> *Cinnamon is a common spice and also has high medicinal value.*
>
> *Do not consume more than 10 grams of cinnamon a day. Many doctors believe
> that eating 4 to 6 grams (2 to 3 tablespoons) of cinnamon a day is very
> good for health.*
>
> *There have been reports that some people experienced dizziness, vertigo,
> cough, abdominal pain, diarrhea and other symptoms after eating 100 grams
> of cinnamon.*
>
> *In one study, volunteers ate 4 to 6 grams of cinnamon daily for 40 days.
> Researchers found that cinnamon can lower cholesterol by about 20% and
> lower blood sugar levels by 25%.*
>
> *The American Human Nutrition Research Center found that regular
> consumption of cinnamon significantly reduces blood sugar levels in
> diabetic patients and significantly improves their heart health.*
>
> *Q7 are South Indian foods like masala dosa and idli, which were
> once the most popular food items, getting replaced by pizza, burgers, and
> other US and Italian foods in India?*
>
> *A7 Ganapathy Raju Hobby writer and satirist. Thu*
>
> *Whom are you talking about?*
>
> *A plate of masala dosas in south india can cost you only Rs 50.00 at a
> budget restaurant and a plate of idli with accompaniments Rs 30.00.*
>
> *Compare this with Rs 150 upwards for a single plain pizza or a burger.*
>
> *There are over 5,000 darshinis in Bangalore today and they feed more than
> 70 lakh people every day. And it was one Mr. Prabhakar who pioneered
> Darshinis in the City as far back as 1983. Inspired by the fast food chains
> abroad, he set the first darshini called ‘Cafe Darshini’ in Jayanagar and
> the rest as they say is history.*
>
> *picture shows varieties of masala dosas under preparation.*
>
> *Darshinis and Bangalore*
>
> *The word “Darshini” would ring any true Bangalorean’s mind with Bisi-bisi
> [piping hot] idly vada sambhar, dosai, uthappam, mini meals, upma, kesari
> bhath, “parcel” and the like. *
>
> *This darshini culture in Bangalore mushroomed during the early 90s when
> the fast food culture of the west had picked up among Indians. Bangaloreans
> of course took it their own way and made it totally vegetarian south Indian
> fare. “Ganesh Darshan ” in Jayanagar, is touted to be the first darshini in
> Bengaluru. And Upahara Darshini, spread propagating this culture. The
> ambience of a darshini, is well anything but of a restaurant’s or maybe
> even the usual fast food joints, “dhabas” or “mami’s mess”. You have the
> counter, where you order and pay immediately for what you want, collect
> your coupons, hand over them to the people at the kitchen, who will
> promptly stick it on an iron projection, and place your food on a granite
> table, after which it’s left upto you to find a table, to stand and eat at,
> and sink yourself, or rush yourself to a quick meal. Self service they call
> it. Now to answer the question of cleanliness, for those Indian phirangs,
> who insist on “wax coated tables, “cleaned 4 times” dishes, kitchen with
> multi exhaust systems and in accordance with the international standard of
> superior hygiene, well darshinis may not be the place for you. The place
> will resemble any middle class home [minus the grease at times and only at
> certain places.] and if you still are worried about hygiene, well the
> government has set some basic rules of hygiene to be maintained, and the
> darshini people are kind hearted enough to understand and follow them. Well
> you’re a sticky Bangalorean, or not one at all, if you’re fussy about
> eating here. Price, totally reasonable. 10 bucks for a filling meal? 14
> bucks for a “smattered with ghee” masala dosai? Though there are places
> that serve north Indian stuff as well, darshinis are always best at serving
> authentic udipi fare. Though their sweet/jaggery sambhars and artificially
> fermented idli mix may get to you at times. Oh and their filter coffees are
> supposed to be of the best, my coffee drinking friends have sworn that they
> reach the taste of the kaapi-s made at home, diluted albeit. Well my pick
> at any darshini would be the varieties of “Dosais’ and “Curd Vadais’. Must
> try’s. The crowd at a Darshini ranges from a six-year-old learning to eat
> by sitting on the table and pricking at idlys to two seventy five year olds
> discussing politics over coffee and an evening tiffin, to hurrying
> office-goers and students grabbing a quick meal. The “Parcel” system, which
> works like a takeaway, comes in handy for many housewives or “emergency”
> situations at home. You have everything neatly packed into plastic covers
> [eco friendly people can bring their own dabbas] and given to you. Where do
> we find them? Splattered across the city darshinis can usually be found in
> areas that have a predominant middle class populace, or a crowd that’d
> appreciate such quick so*
>
> *http://bangalore.metblogs.com/2006/07/06/darshinis-and-bangalore/
> <http://bangalore.metblogs.com/2006/07/06/darshinis-and-bangalore/>*
>
> *Compared to it Dominos have about 132 outlets. Even if you add others I
> doubt if the numbers would exceed 750.*
>
> *What you are referring to may apply to some pseudo rich. But I doubt if
> such a crowd would not relish their masala dosas and idlis.*
>
> *However, there is a place for pizzas and burgers in the scheme of
> culinary things. But them replacing masala dosas and idlis, no chance.
> Wanna bet?*
>
> *Q8 How different is a wolf from a dog in terms of build?*
>
> *A8 Mr. Potato Ultrarunner & Powerbuilder Thu*
>
> *The average weight of a Husky is 35-40lbs…No more than 60lbs if not
> obese.*
>
> *The average weight of a Wolf is 88lbs, the Mackenzie Valley Wolves
> AVERAGE 140lbs…*
>
> *Not only that, the bone density and muscles are Absurd, when you touch it
> it’s like touching wood, it’s incredible.*
>
> *Q9 Which mistake did you do while eating in a restaurant?*
>
> *A9 S G delhi ETL Test Analyst Oct 19*
>
> *Thanks Om Ram for asking this question .*
>
> *Below is the mistake which I did around 2019 ,while eating in a
> restaurant .Next time one go to restaurant,please double check.*
>
> *We ordered some food ,and then during billing we did not check with the
> prices mentioned in menu card .The bill came around to be 1500 rs extra ,my
> husband then remembered that the vegetable which was charged 350 in menu
> has been charged as 650 rupees including the variations in the bread( Here
> I mean roti,naan,parantha etc) rates .*
>
> *We called the waiter and he said the billing is right,we forget to update
> the prices on menu .We will soon update it .*
>
> *We told the manager customers should pay the prices on the menu card ,not
> the one you will mention in the bills .After sometime he agreed and that
> day I realised ,some customers who paid the bill without looking could have
> been cost so much invalid profit to the restaurant and been cheated*
>
> *I never went that restaurant again ,hope they have revised prices in menu
> now.*
>
> *Profile photo for Jharna Rajput*
>
> *Q10 Why does the Hanuman Chalisa give so much courage?*
>
> *A10 Jharna Rajput Krishna' sister Oct 18*
>
> *When I was barely 9, I would get immense energy after listening to
> hanuman chalisa. The thing is that I didn't knew much about him, and still
> the confidence which came after reciting hanuman chalisa is infinite.*
>
> *Once my Grandmother told me that in a satsang she heard that if we call
> Ganesh ji he will come on his mouse ( mushak ), Lord Shiva on Nandi and
> this list continues but lord hanuman will come on himself and will be
> faster than ever .*
>
> *Hanuman ji didn't gave me “ courage” only but gave me a ray of hope when
> my family was in covid, that he'll heal them.*
>
> *He gave me a sense of relief , since I would get scary dreams and
> couldn't continue to study alone. *
>
> *I don't even know how to thank him.*
>
> *All the above QA are based on Quora digest to me on 25-10-2021. Quora
> answers need not be 100% correct answers *
>
> *Compiler- R. Gopala Krishnan, 78 dated 26 -10-2021*
>
>
>
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