Pranam 1 Again and again. Some ignorant observers induce another ignorant to adopt unaware of the depth of the subject; Paramartha sishyas will only be like that; so be it. This was written by me in March in the same forum.: VARNA AND JATI
1The Sanskrit term *varna* is derived from the root *vṛ* <https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF>, meaning "to cover, to envelop, count, classify consider, describe or choose" (compare *vṛtra* <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%B9%9Btra>). The word appears in the *Rigveda* <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigveda>, where it means "colour, outward appearance, exterior, form, figure or shape"(mainly in purusha suktham){as adopted from YASKA’s Nruktha} 2 The word means "color, tint, dye or pigment" in the *Mahabharata* <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabharata>. (ENCYLOPEDIA OF WORLD RELIGIONS BY Wendy Doniger) Varna contextually means "colour, race, tribe, species, kind, sort, nature, character, quality, property" of an object or people in some Vedic and medieval texts.(publication of Motilal banarsidas ) 3 Varna refers to *four social classes* in the *Manusmriti*. (wendy doniger book referred to above plus HINDU) . Followed by *Basham, Arthur Llewellyn* <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Basham>* (1989). **The Origin and Development of Classical Hinduism* <https://books.google.com/books?id=2aqgTYlhLikC>. 4 Stephanie Jamison and Joel Brereton, a professor of Sanskrit and Religious studies, state, "there is no evidence in the Rigveda for an elaborate, much-subdivided and overarching caste system", and "the varna system seems to be embryonic in the Rigveda and, both then and later, a social ideal rather than a social reality".{ The rig veda the earliest religious poetry }. 5 The terms *varna * (theoretical classification based on occupation) and *jāti* (caste) are two distinct concepts. Jāti (community) refers to the thousands of endogamous groups <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endogamous_group> prevalent across the subcontinent and all over the continents. A jati may be divided into exogamous groups <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exogamous_group> based on the same gotras <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotras>; like Ashta sastram Vadama etc. The classical authors scarcely speak of anything other than the varnas; even Indologists sometimes confuse the two.{ *Dumont, Louis* <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Dumont>* (1980), Homo Hierarchicus: The caste system and its implications, University of Chicago Press}. * 6 So Vr has many more meanings than stated above. Also nowhere in sruthis were spoken other than VARNA including manusmriti the late editions. All the Sanskrit translations of Indians prior to Sayana and even before Adi Sankara had never written any other intonations other than professional assigned (not chosen-chosen is today, that is why people today are shouting BY BIRTH) . Only the western authors in the majority of 1000nds of publications (which I happen to read a lot in USA) after 1800 AD intonated A COLOUR TO VARNA AS JATI WHICH CONTINUES TILL TODAY} WROTE THE WORD jati. 7 Sanskrit has the word Jati; 1 Jāti (जाति):—A Sanskrit word referring to the *Jasminum grandiflorum *(“Jasmine”) plant ; 2 Jaṭī (जटी) is a Sanskrit word referring to a kind of animal. The meat of this animal is part of the *māṃsavarga* (‘group of flesh’), which is used throughout Ayurvedic literature. ; 3 Jatī (जती) refers to “nutmeg” and is used in the process of chewing betel (*tāmbūla*), as mentioned in the 17th century Bhojanakutūhala ( *dravyaguṇāguṇa-kathana*), and is commonly found in literature dealing with the topics of dietetics and culinary art, also known as Pākaśāstra <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/pakashastra#ayurveda> or Pākakalā <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/pakakala#ayurveda>; 4 Jāti (जाति).—Genus; class;universal;the notion of generality which is present in the several individual objects of the same kind; Jāti (जाति).—Hereditary social and occupational group, often translated caste. Note: Jāti is a Sanskrit technical term used in ancient Indian sciences such as Astronomy, Mathematics and Geometry.; 5 Jati or jata means arising or coming up.; Jāti (जाति).—*f.* [*jan-ktin*] Birth, production, सङ्कुलं जलजातिभिः (*saṅkulaṃ jalajātibhiḥ*) Rām.3.11.6; Pt.1.38; Ms.2.148; also 'the time of birth'; cf. जातौ बाल्ये च कौमारे यौवने चापि मानवाः (*jātau** bālye ca kaumāre yauvane cāpi mānavāḥ*) Mb.12.158.11. So west picked some intonation unconnected to varna out of so many meanings and kept on hammering into one;s head that there is like that; a tribe a group a clan is a jati; why we are a jati as blog writers but by varna we are totally different; today we choose; but in yesteryears it came as lineage and British stamped it as JATHI. SO NEVER SAY IT IS IN HINDUISM SINCE IT IS NOT ONLY ERRANEOUS BUT ALSO THE WORD HINDUISM WHICH SPROUTED IN MUSLIM RULE WAS PEGGED STRONG APART FROM CREATION OF JATHI ALSO AS A RELIGION WHICH IS NEVER EVER A FACT. Evolutionary, ethics, ethos etc are all whimsical jargons. Offering Pinda to a friend and doing srardham and offering PInda are two different things; had one gone thro the grihya sutras, it is known that the srardham can only be done by a root thro the 3 generations root for which in that clan, when parents are alive , offering burning rights, has to be considered, while there are exceptions even to that; but offering what you call pinda to friend is anna dhanam or poor feeding and unconnected to Srardham. As said here somewhere people confuse and get confused. K R IRS 17321 2 Q6: The writer who wrote about yugas in 4 questions, did not know the age factors of the yugas; The age in Kritha yuga was 400 years; in Tretha 300 years; in dwapara 200 years; and in Kaliyuga just 100 years; shatamanam Bhavathi; 120 years is astrological planetary life cycle for one full rotation; erroneous details galore. 3 Q7: Lingam is scientific atomic theory. Again this was written by me long back in the same forum from which extracts provided: The Lingam is shaped like an egg and represents the ‘Brahmanda’ or the cosmic egg. There are two types of Shiva Lingam. One is a black meteorite egg-shaped stone. It is said that such a stone is installed at Kabba in Mecca. The other one is man-made and is solidified mercury. Solidifying mercury is an ancient Vedic science. Shiva Lingam represents the totality of the Cosmos and the Cosmos, in turn, being represented as a Cosmic Egg. Again, an egg is an ellipsoid depicting with no beginning, nor end. A glance at the image of Shiva Lingam shows there is a pillar with three marks and a Disc beneath it and sometimes with a coiling cobra snake around the Pillar and shows its fangs above the pillar. The truth behind the scientific research by the Danish scientist, Neils Bohr, demonstrates that Molecules (the smallest part of everything) made up of Atoms which consists of Proton, Neutron and Electron, all of which play a vital part in the composition of Shiva Lingam. In those days instead of using these English words such as Proton, Neutron, Electron, Molecules and Energy, the ancient sages employed the usage of the words like Lingam, Vishnu, Brahma, Sakthi (which in turn is divided into Renuka and Rudrani), Sarppa, etc. as Sanskrit was the dominant language in those periods. According to Hinduism, the Pillar is described as the column of fire which represents the three Gods – Brahma, Vishnu and Maheshwara while the Disc or Peedam represents Sakthi. The Disc is shown with three ridges, uncarved at its periphery. Sage Vyasa, the author of Maha Bharatha <https://www.colombotelegraph.com/?s=Maha+Bharatha&x=12&y=6>, mentions that Lord Shiva is smaller than the sub-atomic particles like Proton, Neutron and Electron. At the same time, he also mentions Lord Shiva is greater than anything greatest. He is the cause of vitality in all living things. Everything, whether living or non-living, originates from Shiva. He has engulfed the whole world. He is Timeless. He has no birth, no death. He is invisible, unmanifest. He is the Soul of the Soul. He has no emotion, sentiment or passion at all. There is a mysterious or indescribable power in the Shiva Lingam to induce concentration of the mind and helps focus one’s attention. {An atom is made up of Proton, Neutron and Electron. Neutrons do not have a charge and so would continue on in a straight line. The nucleus of an atom is composed of positively charged Protons and neutrally charged Neutrons. Almost all the mass of an atom is in its nucleus. The nucleus is the very dense region consisting of Protons and Neutrons at the centre of an atom. Electrons are negatively charged and so would be deflected on a curving path towards the positive plate. But the whole atom is electrically neutral on account of the presence of equal number of negative electrons and positive protons. The electrons revolve rapidly round the nucleus in circular paths called energy level. The energy levels are counted from centre outwards. Each energy level is associated with a fixed amount of energy. There is no change in energy of Electrons as long as they help revolving in the same energy level and the atoms remain stable. The Bohr model shows that the electrons in atoms are in orbits of differing energy around the nucleus. It is like planets orbiting the Sun.} [An examination of the image of Shiva Lingam in the context of Bohr model, would demonstrate the puzzling truth that Brahma has created the world. The behaviour of Proton, Electron, Neutron and Energy are well demonstrated by Shiva Lingam. Vishnu signifies Proton with positive electrical charge. Mahesha signifies Neutron with no electrical charge. Brahma signifies Electron with negative electrical charge. Sakthi is Energy. Sakthi is a type of energy field represented by a Disc. Shiva Lingam represents the atomic structure. According to the Rishis, Shiva and Vishnu are present in the Lingam. In Sanskrit, the three lines signify multiple. In the atomic structure, there are Protons and Neutrons which are surrounded by fast spinning Electrons. Sakthi is represented by a Disc in oval shape with three ridges carved at its periphery. She is Energy and plays a vital role in the Universe. If one looks at the portrait of Vishnu, a lotus is depicted as arising from the navel of Vishnu and Brahma is shown as seated on the lotus. Lotus signifies Energy which has the force of attraction. The stem of the lotus can bend because of its flexibility signalling that Brahma moves around Vishnu. This is a message that Electron is attracted to Proton because of the opposite electric charge. Moreover, Neutron is depicted as Shiva which has no charge at all. The nucleus of the atom also contains neutrons. Neutrons are about the same size as Protons, but have no electric charge. Neutrons are bound very tightly in the atom’s nucleus with the Protons. When the atom’s nucleus contains as many Neutrons as Protons, the atom is stable. Similarly, the ancient sages provided the idea that when Shiva is not disturbed and separated, he remains calm. Shiva remains calm because Sakthi takes the form of Renuka. The energy which forms the molecules is denoted by its valency, which in Sanskrit is Renuka. Renuka is one that produces Renu or molecules. Two atoms make one molecule. Hence ancient Hindu sages brought the idea of Sakthi as Shiva’s wife and as part of Shiva and dances around Shiva throughout. However, when Neutron is disturbed and separated, natural disaster occurs, which signifies that Shakthi turns out to be a terror known as Rudrani (Kali) performing destructive dance, signalling natural disaster. The actual producer of molecules is Electron which signifies Brahma. Modern physics shows that Electrons are shared between the atoms to form a molecule. Therefore, the Hindu concept that Brahma created the earth is in conformity with Science.] >From Q9 to 21 is nothing but an unfounded hearsay based, though written in many pages; the superfluous meaning takes one away from the indepth to absorb the content and the spirit. AND ATLAST G ACCEPTS THAT THERE IS NO BODY AND ALL ARE BHAVANA; ALSO SRARDHAM CAN BE DONE A FEMALE WITH "POA"; SOME SHIFTS FROM BHADA KHANA CONCEPT OF PARAMARTHA SISHYA. kr irs 91121 On Tue, 9 Nov 2021 at 05:35, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 < [email protected]> wrote: > *QUES ANSW DIVINE 45* > > *Q1 What is said to be the orIgin of castes in mythology?* > > *A1 According to the Hindu scriptures, the Brahmans have sprung from the > mouth of Brahma (Hindu creator god), the Kshatriyas from his arms, the > Vashyas from his thighs and the Sudras from his feet. * > > * According to Markandeya Purana, after death, the virtuous Brahman goes > to the abode of Brahma, the good Kshatriya to that of Indra, the worthy > VaIshya to that of the Maruts, and the dutiful Sudra to that of the > Gandharvas* > > *Q2 What is SATYA YUGA ?* > > *A2Amongst the four YUGAS, the Satya yuga is the first and the most > significant one. This era began on Sunday, Vaishakh Shukla Tritiya day > which is also known as Akshaya Tritiya. God incarnated in four forms i.e. > Matsya, Kurma, Varaha and Narsimha in this era* > > *The only text which was considered credible and was followed was Manu’s > Dharma Shastra. Satya yuga shall be established by Kalki again after the > Kali yuga.* > > *The average life expectancy of a human being in Satya yuga was > approximately 4000 years.* > > *Q3 What is treta YUGA ?* > > *A3 The colour of Bhagwan Achyut becomes red in treta Yuga .The average > life expectancy of a human in the Treta yuga was approximately 3000 years* > > *Q4 What is dwapara YUGA ?* > A4 Here Bhagwan Vishnu assumed yellow colour. > > *Q5 What is the story of King Parikshit allotting residences to Kali?* > > *A5 King Parikshit finally allowed Kali Yuga to stay and allowed him four > places where he could stay, liquor and wine, where a prostitute stays, > where there is animal slaughter and where gambling would be allowed.* > > * Kali Yuga humbly pleaded that his family was very big that is it > comprises of members like lust, anger, greed, ego, jealousy, lies etc.How > shall all of them fit in these allotted places? * > > *On this king Parikshit said that they should all then dwell in gold. In > this way, Kali Yuga resides in the 5 places allotted by king Parikshit. * > > *Those people who yearn for higher ideals should not even go near these > five things.* > > *Q6 What is the average life expectancy in kaliyuga?* > > *A6 In the Kali Yuga, there is no average life expectancy of humans. Even > a child in the womb can die inspite of his mother and father living. > However an average life expectancy of a human being in Kali Yuga can be > approximately 20 to 30 years only* > > *Here the idol of Bhagwan Vishnu has assumed a black colour because of the > inherent chaos and delusion. * > > > > *Women shall be short and have many children.** Women in this era shall > be immoral and licentious by nature Most of the women shall engage in > prostitution. In Kali Yuga, girls, 8-10 years old shall become pregnant > while boys of the age of 10-12 years shall have children* > * In the Kali Yuga, there will be very less milk in the udders of the cow.* > > > * Any lake or reservoir situated far away will be referred as a holy > shrine. Growing hair will be an indication of beauty.* > > > *A divine and strong child named Vishuyasha Kalki shall take birth in a > Brahmin family in a village known as Sambhal * > > *My note- Life expectancy has gone up to 120** years. I have read > Ramanujacharya lived full 120 years. Adolescence age has slightly > increased. Marriage age fixed as 18. * > > *Q7 What do Siva linga represent?* > > *A7 A Shivalinga typically represents Brahma, Vishnu and Mahesh. Brahma is > present at the base of Shivalinga, Vishnu in the middle and the upper part > is occupied by Lord Shiva Himself.* > > *Q8 Why do parents desire for a son?* > > *A8 There are religious, social as well as economic reasons behind the > desire of a son. Right from the moment of birth, a person is burdened with > three kinds of debts. These are debts due for the gods, debts due for the > sages and debts due for the father. One can easily free himself from his > debts, which are due for the gods and for the sages. * > > *But to be free from the debts due for the father, one must have a son.**The > scriptures say that unless and until a real son performs last rites, a > person cannot be saved from the tortures of the hell* > > *Q9 What are the days and time prescribed for human sexual activity?* > > *A9 Accordingly, after the menses, intercourse should be carried out on > any auspicious moment on days except the fourth, eighth, fourteenth and > moonless and full moon nights. * > > *Even on these ten days, if a festival or full moon and moonless nights > fall, intercourse must be postponed. Positions of the Sun and the Moon on > these days are such that their combined effects influence profoundly the > human psychology and the movement of fluids in the body.* > > * Even a child that a woman bears, on full moon and moonless nights may > carry these defects like having two heads, a tail, four hands, joint bodies > or psychological defects like being cruel, daredevils, murderers etc * > > *Even at night, time from nine to twelve is most conducive that to at > least one and half-hours after taking dinner. * > > *Intercourse is strictly prohibited at twilight of dawn and dusk * > > *Ravanan** is one such profound example. Despite being a Brahmin by > birth, he developed demonic virtues for his parents had an intercourse at > twilight * > > *Q10 What is vaitarni Godana?* > > *A10 Donating a cow at the time of death ensures a place in heaven. It is > said that in the way of Yamapuri, there lies a formidable river Vaitarni in > which foamy blood flows. Fearsome serpents that abound in that river bite > all those who cross it. * > > *But holding the tail of a cow leads one easily across the river because > in her tail stays the religion and no one can dare to challenge religion. * > > *Q11 What is the importance of peepal tree?* > > *A11 According to Skand Purana, Lord Vishnu resides in the root of > Peepal. In its trunk live Keshav and in the branches Narayan, in its leaves > Hari and in its fruits live all the other gods. Thus from the tip of its > root to the top of its shoot, Peepal is an idol of Lord Vishnu * > > *Watering Peepal with water and sugar is a sure remedy to undo the adverse > influence of Shani. * > > *Q12 Why it is told to tie a thread around peepal trunk?* > > *A12 There is a practice of tying a thread around Peepal’s trunk after > watering it. There is a story behind this custom. At the time of sea’s > churning, Goddess Lakshmi had emerged from the sea. Her counterpart > Alakshmi also had emerged with her. Alakshmi symbolized penury and hence, > there was no taker for her. She begged Lord Vishnu to take her also with > Him. But Lakshmi was not ready to share Lord Vishnu with her, so she > protested. Hence Lord Vishnu ordered Alakshmi to take an abode on Peepal > tree. * > > *Since then, Alakshmi lives there. Anytime an unwary devotee forgets to > tie a thread around Peepal’s trunk, Alakshmi comes to ride him or her > causing great poverty. That is why custom of tying a thread around Peepal’s > trunk after watering it came into practice.* > > *Q13 It is told due a curse from sage Kashyapa Lord Siva had to Kill > Ganapathi made from sandal powder. What was the curse and circumstances?* > > *A13 Once upon a time, Surya had killed the demons, Mali and Sumaali. This > infuriated Lord Shiva because Mali and Sumaali were His devotees. So, Lord > Shiva launched His trident on Surya. The blow of the trident was unbearable > for Surya and he fell from his chariot unconscious.* > > *Seeing that dire condition of his son, sage Kashyap began to wail in > agony. All the gods soon accompanied him and began to cry mournfully. > Without the regular motion of Surya, the whole world was plunged in > darkness.* > > * Sage Kashyap cursed Lord Shiva that as from His trident, his son had > been hit, one day His own son will be decapitated by His trident.* > > *Shiva’s anger subsided soon afterwards. He resurrected Surya but > because of Kashyap’s curse, He had to cut the head of His own son.* > > *Q14 Why do the sun is stable while other planets are moving ?* > > *A14 In the same way, the Sun was stable because of the gravitational > force of Dhruv, which was situated * > > *MY note- Sun is also slightly moving according to latest studies* > > *Q15 Who is the first orginator of kamasasthra?* > > *A15 Ancient sages composed Kama Shastra on the basis of Vedas. Maharshi > Nandikeshwar was the first originator of Kama Shastra in to various > chapters. Apart from these, great sages like Dattakacharya, Charayana, > Suvarn-nama Ghotakmukh, Gonardiya, Gonikaputra and Kuchumar had also > contributed their mite in the evolution and refinement of Kama Shastra. > Sage Vatsayan gave the finishing touch to Kama Shastra.* > > *Q16 What is samanya kama and Vishesha kama?* > > *A16 Samanya Kama (General pleasure): **When the soul wishes to have > superficial pleasures related to sound, sight, smell etc., The resulting > action is Samanya Kama. With the appearance of the wish, mind comes into > action and stimulates the related sense organs. Thus activated, the sense > organs begin to seek the sources of pleasures* > > *But to have Vishesh Kama, **one needs a partner for the category of > pleasure involves total involvement. In fact superficial pleasure itself > lays the foundation for total involvement in pleasure. During superficial > pleasure, the soul seeks more and more satisfaction. Sooner or later, a > stage arrives, when the partners cross over all the barriers between them > and establish close intimate contact* > > *Q17 Was Brihannala was appointed to teach uttara dance alone?* > > *A17 In Mahabharat, the king of Virat had appointed Vrihannala (Arjun in > eunuch guise) to teach his daughter Uttara in the arts related to Kamasutra* > > * Q18 We all claim that Sri Rama's birth place is Ayodhya. In our > tradition the birth of the first child is generally at the mother's place, > in this case - this should have been at Koushalya's town. * > > *A18 It is because Srirama was born after Puthrakameshti yagam performed > at Ayodhya and Koushalya remained at ayodhya.* > > *Q19 Why do we provide Mahavishnu elai in Sraddaham?* > > *A19 It is said that without prayers to Maha Vishnu the Karma does not > bestow the desired results and hence Vishnu Varanam..* > > *It is believed that Puroora and Aardrava are the Shraaddha Samrakshakaas > (protectors) or the escorts to the Pithrus. It is also believed that > Puroora and Aardrava reside in the Saannidhya of Lord Mahavishnu and hence > as a reverence .* > > *It is our desire that we feed everyone on the Shraaddham day. Since the > entire universe is believed to be in the stomach of Maha Vishnu, feeding > Him is presumed to feed those in the entire universe and hence the Swamy > Elai and Vishnu Varanam * > > *Q20 If there is no male member to perform ‘pitru karyam’ How it can be > done in a family?* > > *A20 Then the eligible female is asked to hand over ‘darba’ to the nearest > relative male member to perform the rituals who will do it in her behalf on > the power of attorney given by her (authorised to do through handing over > of darba).* > > *Our vedas or ancient system is not confined to males only. Each ritual > the wife is asked to join the rituals done by her husband by proper > participation like touching through ‘darbha’ putting water for offerring > ‘dakshina’ etc.* > > *Even sabarimala allows post menopausal women to dharshan. The unfortunate > naturally designed periods in women has to keep them away in those days > because it can lead to emotional and hence behavioral problems especially > during the fullmoon and newmoon {amavasya} days.* > > *Q21 Do the pithrus have physical body to eat?* > > *A21 The pithrus have no physical body to eat or drink what we offer. But > the bhavana is possible and enough for them to bless{i assure you some of > them at high planes can curse or bless as we deserve}* > > *On the amavasya day, prompted by the planetary proximity to the earth, > pithrus visit our home expecting food and water{this explains the rice and > Ellu{Til} to cool after cremation memories of heat and dehydration}* > > > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "iyer123" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/626049206.1278125.1636416338381%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/626049206.1278125.1636416338381%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. 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