Pranam If human and chimp DNA is 98.8 percent the same, why are we so different? Numbers tell part of the story. Each human cell contains roughly three billion base pairs, or bits of information. Just 1.2 percent of that equals about 35 million differences. Some of these have a big impact, others don't. And even two identical stretches of DNA can work differently--they can be "turned on" in different amounts, in different places or at different times. Although humans and chimps have many identical genes, they often use them in different ways. A gene's activity, or expression, can be turned up or down like the volume on a radio. So the same gene can be turned up high in humans, but very low in chimps. The same genes are expressed in the same brain regions in humans, chimp and gorilla, but in different amounts. Thousands of differences like these affect brain development and function, and help explain why the human brain is larger and smarter. Humans, chimpanzees and monkeys share DNA but not gene regulatory mechanisms . The genetic DNA similarity between pigs and human beings is *98%*. Do not ever be carried away by Darwin. KR IRS 81221
On Wed, 8 Dec 2021 at 03:55, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 < [email protected]> wrote: > *CULTURAL QA 12-2021-08* > > *Being a compilation there may be errors* > > *Q1 Do any other people eat with their hands like Indians?* > > A1 Sachin Masekar Home Chef (1978–present) Sat > > Eating by hand is our Indian culture. But we got the British rule and they > did something that changed everything. > > According to Ayurveda, our body is made up of five principles and there is > one principle at the tip of each finger. Also, when we eat with our hands, > we put our fingers together and fill our mouths with grass. It also > improves digestion. Meanwhile, eating by hand is always considered > appropriate. At the same time, all the attention is focused on eating while > eating by hand, which increases the nutrition that the body gets. > > The British ruled over us, from them we learned many things of western > culture. Every country has a different culture, certain traditions. That > tradition and culture creates the identity of the country. > > Our India also has a distinct identity in the world due to its ancient > diverse culture as well as diverse languages, arts, literature, Indian food > culture.This is the colorful culture, people from all over the world visit > India to see the vibrant atmosphere here.Many people are shocked to see > some things in our country. So some people learn a lot from the people in > their country. Foreigners are imitating some of the Indians.Many foreigners > maintain this habit even after settling in India. For an example…… Drinking > tea from a saucer, eating by hand without using a fork, taking off slippers > when going home, Indian style toilet, colorful brightly colored clothes, > juggling old things without throwing away. > > Not only in India but also in Africa, the Middle East region has a culture > of hand eating. > > *Q2 How do people get kidney failures?* > > A2 Ken Saladin Former professor of histology (microscopic > anatomy) Sun > > I think the most common cause is *hypertension,* which destroys the > glomeruli (blood-filtering capillary beds) of the kidneys. > > Next to that, probably *renal atherosclerosis—the build up of fatty > plaque in the renal arteries*, cutting down the blood supply to the > kidneys and starving them. > > Glomerulonephritis is a kidney-destroying autoimmune disease, found in > around 0.2 to 2.5 out of every 100,000 people worldwide. That’s rare, but > in a high-density area like New York City or Los Angeles, that could mean > up to 150 people or so with this disease at any one time. > > Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), another multifaceted autoimmune > disease, often causes glomerulonephritis and can lead to end-stage renal > failure. > > Other causes include chronic or repetitive kidney infections; trauma > (blows to the back, or frequent vibration as from heavy machinery); *poisoning > (heavy metals, carbon tetrachloride, acetone, paint thinners)*; and > blockage of the renal tubules by proteins (as in some wasting muscle > diseases, muscle injuries like compartment syndrome, and hemolysis (red > blood cell breakdown) due to mismatched blood transfusions). > > *Q3 Why do we eat three times a day and not two times in a day?* > > A3 Bhuvana Rameshwar Prefer healthy food Mon > > *We eat three times a day as a norm. There is a biological reason behind > this. Our stomach takes maximum of 4 hrs to digest the food we eat.* > > Sometimes it takes 2hrs if the food is easily digestable like fruits, > fresh juice and salads or soft drinks etc or 4hr if they are proteins, > whole grain like fish eggs, meat, wheat, rice based foods etc. > > So if a person wakes up has a coffee, milk or tea by two hrs he needs his > next meal say breakfast. > > *So on an average* > > 8 am breakfast 12 noon lunch 4 pm tea time 8 pm dinner. > > These timings change to plus or minus 1 or 2 hrs if we eat light food, > drink tea, coffee or nibble on snacks or candy or energy bars in between or > we are unable to eat due to strict lunch or tea break timings as in > schools, offices . > > Stomach and small intestine in coordination with our brain determine our > hunger and food needs. Digestive system is so well programmed. You play > with it and end up with ulcer, gastritis and bloating. > > *My note-Diabetic patients may require more times in take of foods, but in > smaller quantities* > > *Q4 Who was Ashokasundari, the third child of Lord Shiva and > Parvati?* > > A4 Namasvi Shukla Daughter of Mother UmaDec 1 > > Ashokasundari was created from the wish-fulfilling tree Kalpavriksha > > when Parvati Mata wished for a daughter to reduce her loneliness. The > words in her name are derived from her creation. Ashoka refers to the > easing of Parvati's shoka, which means "sorrow", while sundari means > "beautiful girl". > > *Q5 What's a meal you have had thousands of times but still love > eating it?* > > A5 Bharti Sharma Cooking for 37 years (not professional)Thu > > *Simple Dal and Roti* > > As a Rajasthani we hardly eat rice in our meal. Everyday I make Wheat Roti > and Dal. I have eaten Dal and Roti since I was 4 months old. Now I am 51 > years old so you can guess how many times I have eaten Dal Roti by now. > Multiply days and my age 😂 easily a thousand times but I still love it > the same > > *Q6 Why shouldn't you pour concrete in cold weather?* > > A6 Steven Haddock Studied at York University (Canada)Nov 27 > > When you pour concrete, a chemical reaction occurs that’s fairly > exothermic - in other words it gives off heat. However, this heat is > critical to the continued curing of the concrete as it expedites the same > reaction throughout the concrete slab. In other words, the warmer the > concrete is the more thoroughly it cures and gains strength. > > If its too cold out, all that heat is dissipated into the air instead of > staying in the concrete. The curing process is slowed down as a result > and it takes the concrete more time to reach its full hardness. Curing > starts out very quickly, but slows down with time although it never > entirely stops. > > If the concrete doesn’t cure properly in the early stages, you may not get > the characteristics you want, like resistance to compression or durability. > > *Q7 What is “antecubital” in anatomy?* > > A7 Ken Saladin Author, Anatomy & Physiology—The Unity of Form > and Function Nov 30 > > The word is antecubital, not anticubital. Anti- means against, opposing, > as in antibody. Ante- means before or in front of, as in anterior, > antenatal, and antecubital. > > *The antecubital fossa is the pit on the anterior side of the elbow.* The > official name, though, is just cubital fossa. Most of us these days leave > off the “ante.” > > *Q8 How many times did Gandhari open her eyes in the Mahabharata?* > > A8 Lakshminandan Narayana Putra Studied at 10th Class in India > Sat > > She never opened her eyes after tying the cloth on her eyes. > > *It's a folklore that she opened her eyes to give armour to Duryodhana.* > > This was copied from the part in Mahabharata where Drona gives an armour > to Duryodhana. In reality Duryodhana never had any armour. > > *Q9 Why is caffeine in so many plants?* > > A9 Steven Haddock Studied at York University (Canada)Nov 23 > > Although to humans it’s a wonderful stimulant (it works by blocking the > receptors that sleep inducing chemicals bind to) to insects its a deadly > poison. Many plants produce chemicals that are toxic to insects to keep > from being eaten, but caffeine producing plants go one better and put caffeine > in their seeds to keep them from being eaten even after the plant dies. > > *Q10 What is the meaning of this idiom "We put the dog to > sleep as it was suffering from age-related ail**m**ents"?* > > A10 Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam Lawyer Sun > > It means Your Dog was given a Sedative to gently let it drift off to sleep > and then a Drug was given to paralyse its heart muscles and stop it from > beating - essentially ending its life voluntarily > > This is usually called EUTHANASIA > > This is done so that the Dog doesnt suffer in the long term and its like > Drifting off to sleep and never waking up again.Yet Owners cry and cry and > cry so much …. its a very painful sight. > > *Q11 If continental countries get their fresh water from > rivers, lakes, ground water and the like, where do islands in middle of > nowhere like those tiny Pacific and Indian ocean and Atlantic islands get > their water?* > > A11 Ciro Pabon Specialist in Highway Engineering & Soil Mechanics, > Universidad Del Cauca (Graduated 1986)Nov 26 > > They get it from the fact that salt water weighs more than fresh water, so > *the fresh water is kept in the soil in what is called a water lens.* > > The ground on top of salt water creates a pool of fresh water inside the > ground (in blue, under the island) that “hangs” inside the salt water > that comes from the ocean into the ground > > Here you have a real map of fresh water depth level in a tiny Pacific > island. > > In the orange parts, the fresh water goes down up to 4 meters, in clear > blue goes down 1 to 2 meters, etc. > > If I had to dig a well, I would do it by the police station marked on that > map. > > *Notice that you cannot “pull” the fresh water too quickly, or you will > mix it with the salt water under it.* > > *Picture not attached* > > *Q12 What is the chromosomal relationship between non-human > apes and humans?* > > A12 Claire Jordan Degree in biology and folklore; programmer, shop > owner, secretary on newspaperNov 28 > > Our chromosomes and those of chimps and bonobos are extremely similar - > same layout, *genes nearly all arranged in the same order on the same > chromosomes etc - except that in humans,* two short chromosomes have > stuck together end to end to form one long one. We know it was that way > around, and not that a formerly long chromosome split into two in chimps, > because gorillas and orangutans also have two separate, short chromosomes > and *only the human line has them joined together.* > > It’s possible this happened early on and accelerated our separation from > the line leading to chimps, 7 milliion years ago, as it would make > cross-breeding with the chimp line and pooling our genes with them much > more difficult. We see this happening in wild ship rats in India - there > are three or four populations with slightly different rearrangements of > their chromosomes, and while the different groups can still interbreed, > they do so with somewhat decreased fertility and success, so eventually > they will probably split into different species. > > *All the above QA are from Quora website on 07-12- 2021. * > > *Compiled and posted by R. Gopala krishnan ,78, former AGM Telecom > Trivandrum on 08-12-2021* > > > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "iyer123" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/2048625073.1018809.1638915954390%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/2048625073.1018809.1638915954390%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZooMM1SpJw5L_ydBYyJQsx7TWMQAJEZ821pB-giJFARaHw%40mail.gmail.com.
